Nematicidal Action of Chitosan Nanoformulation: A Detailed Study | Chapter 6 | Chemistry and Biochemistry: Research Progress Vol. 2

Biopolymers are naturally occurring materials formed during the life cycle of plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi. Chitosan is the second most abundant biopolymer available in the world, second only to cellulose. It is found in crustaceous shells, e.g., those of crabs, shrimps, prawns, and fungi, as well as insect exoskeletons. The use of nano-formulations for the management of pests and diseases is receiving increased interest with the advancement of nanotechnology. Here, chitosan nanospheres were obtained from chitosan using the ionic gelation technique. The nano-formulations obtained were characterized using a particle size analyzer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and a transmission electron microscope. The efficacy of chitosan nanospheres in suppressing the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita was studied. The particle size of nanospheres formulated for this study was 380.2 nm, with a polydispersity index (PI) of 0.4 and zeta potential of 45.7 or 50.9 mV at pH 5.2. The chitosan nanospheres were spherical, and the particles did not agglomerate. FTIR spectra of the chitosan nanospheres peaked at 3334 cm-1, thereby indicating the stretching of the OH and NH groups. In in-vitro studies, chitosan nanospheres showed significant nematicidal activity against M. incognita. Under pot culture conditions, chitosan nanospheres (1% active compound chitosan) at 2 ml/plant decreased the nematode population in roots or soil. Compared to the control, the number of galls was reduced by 83.68%, the number of egg masses by 83.85%, the number of adult females by 66.56%, and the number of second-stage juveniles by 73.20%. In a field experiment, the application of chitosan nanospheres (1%) was followed by an 18.75% increase in fruit yield compared to the non-treated control. The study concluded that as chitosan nanospheres are synthesized from a biological source, the formulation is environmentally friendly and does not leave any toxic residues in the ecosystem.

 

Author (s) Details

R. Mouniga
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu), India.

B. Anita
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu), India.

A. Lakshmanan
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu), India.

A. Shanthi
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu), India.

G. Karthikeyan
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu), India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cbrp/v2/3958

Examining Students’ Learning in Virtual Environment: Exploring Biochemistry of Socio-Scientific Issues | Chapter 6 | Progress in Language, Literature and Education Research Vol. 7

 Biochemistry is a challenging subject that involves abstract and complex concepts, symbols, and chemical reactions. SSI are controversial and authentic problems that can connect biochemistry to science ideas and societal concerns. In addressing socio-scientific issues (SSI), students should have sufficient related prior knowledge of biochemistry in order to connect to science ideas and societal concerns of SSI. Hence, students should learn biochemistry meaningfully to address biochemistry of SSI. This study aimed to examine students' learning in a virtual classroom of biochemistry. Ninety undergraduate students participated voluntarily in this survey. Data collected using an essay test and rubrics of addressing socio-scientific. Students who have just completed assignments of addressing socio-scientific issues of biochemistry received an assay test and sent it back through WhatsApp platform with time allocation of 24 hours. Data were analyzed descriptively to classify students' learning in a virtual biochemistry classroom into four categories, namely no learning, rote learning, surface learning, and deep learning respectively. This study resulted that most students performed rote learning and surface learning, even no learning. In addition, most students were difficult to connect to biochemistry ideas, such as macromolecule symbols and biochemical reactions. The findings implicated that students have difficulty to address socio-scientific issues of biochemistry due to lack of prior knowledge of biochemistry. Consequently, students could not explain socio-scientific issues of biochemistry scientifically. An intensive scaffolding is needed to connecting students to science ideas to explain socio-scientific issues.

Author(s) Details:

Erman Erman,
Department of Science Education, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia.

Martini,
Department of Science Education, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia.

Enny Susiyawati,
Department of Science Education, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia.

Nur Wakhidah,
Department of Science Education, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia.

Brijesh Pare,
PG Department of Chemistry, Madhaf Science Post Graduate College (af. Vikram University) Ujjain, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/PLLER-V7/article/view/13939

Health Oriented Biochemistry | Book Publisher International

In this book how food is made by nature, body organs and systems, how food driven life pass from generations, what food contain, how body digest and absorb food, how body generates energy from food and energy requirements, how excess or less food affects life, when diseases occur, how they are diagnosed ,normal values of blood constituents, use of blood profile tests in the assessment of normal health of organ or body, how medicines are developed to cure disease,why medicines are taken at intervals and fixed dose, how food is supplied to body when food intake is not possible due to unconscious or coma state of body are detailed in easy to understand format. Further foods that promotes longevity, food disbeliefs, medicinal values of some common vegetables, green leafy vegetables and fruits, how knowledge of life creation is successfully used to solve health problems like recent COVID-19 are explained. Tables of nutritional profiles of common food stuffs are useful in calculating energy content as well as nutritional value of food like breakfast, lunch, evening tea and dinner. Mind mapping aids understanding of various aspects of subject matter presented in the text. Hence this book is useful to medical, para medical, life sciences courses students and health conscious people. To physicians, dentists, nurses and dieticians also this book is useful in patient counselling.

Author(s) Details:

N. Mallikarjuna Rao,

Director, Indian Biomedical Innovation Centre, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/HOB/article/view/12782 

Study on the Effect of Day Length and Seasonal Variation on Haematological, Biochemical and Hormonal Traits of Indigenous Guinea Fowl (Numida meleagris) in Ghana | Chapter 6 | Research Aspects in Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences Vol. 1

 The purpose of this study was to see how day length and season affected the haematological, biochemical, and hormonal profiles of laying Guinea fowls (Numida meleagris). Each of the four hens and one male was given 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness (12L: 12D), 14 hours of light and 10 hours of darkness (14L: 10D), 16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness (16L: 8D), and 18 hours of light and 6 hours of darkness (18L: 6D) (18L: 6D). In a 3x4 factorial experiment, each group was reproduced three times and reared in three seasons (dry December-March, major rains April-July, and minor rains August-November). SAS's General Linear Model technique was used to examine the data. Higher by a significant amount (p0.05). 16L: 8D had the greatest (p0.05) packed cell volume (PCV), lymphocytes and eosinophils, total serum protein, and prolactin levels, whereas 14L: 10D had the highest (p0.05) neutrophil and albumin. In heavy rains, PCV and platelets were highest (p0.05), whereas red blood cells and neutrophils were highest (p0.05) in dry and minor rainy seasons, respectively. Between the dry and minor rainy seasons, total serum protein rose (p0.05). Major rains had the highest levels of oestrogen and luteinizing hormones (p0.05), while minor rains had the highest levels of prolactin (p0.05) and major rains had the lowest levels. Except for prolactin, the interaction effect was not significant (p>0.05). According to the conclusions of this study, a daylength of 14-16 hours and a substantial rainy season in Ghana sustain acceptable haematological, biochemical, and hormonal profiles of Guinea.

Author (s) Details

Korankye Okyere
Department of Animal Science Education, Faculty of Agriculture Education, University of Education of Winneba, P.O.Box 40, Mampong-Ashanti, Ghana.

Kagya-Agyemang James Kwame
Department of Animal Science Education, Faculty of Agriculture Education, University of Education of Winneba, P.O.Box 40, Mampong-Ashanti, Ghana.

Annor Serekye Yaw
Department of Animal Science Education, Faculty of Agriculture Education, University of Education of Winneba, P.O.Box 40, Mampong-Ashanti, Ghana.

Asabere-Ameyaw Akwasi
Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Science Education, University of Education of Winneba, P.O.Box 25, Winneba, Ghana.

Kyere Gyeabour Clement
Department of Animal Science Education, Faculty of Agriculture Education, University of Education of Winneba, P.O.Box 40, Mampong-Ashanti, Ghana.

Afua Sarpong Asamoa-Bonsu
Department of Catering and Hospitality, Faculty of Vocational Education, University of Education, Winneba, Post Office Box 1277 Kumasi, Ghana.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RAAVS-V1/article/view/2420