Covid-19 and the Endocrine System | Chapter 5 | Clinical Manifestations of Covid-19: A Multi-Disciplinary Approach

 

When SARS-CoV-2 virus, the agent responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), made its first appearance in the later part of the year 2019, it was popularly known for primarily causing respiratory symptoms such as cough and shortness of breath. These symptoms were sometimes severe enough to require hospitalization and intensive care. Due to the novel nature of the virus at that time, very little was known about its extrapulmonary effects. It is now clear to the world's scientific community that the virus also affects virtually every system in the human body and not just the respiratory system.

The Endocrine system is one of the various systems affected during COVID-19 infection, and almost no endocrine gland is spared. Endocrine glands such as the thyroid gland, adrenal glands, pancreas and gonads are all known to be affected in varying degrees in individuals with COVID-19 virus. The aim of this review article is to provide a synopsis of how the virus exerts its effect on various endocrine cells, and ultimately provide information that would be useful in addressing potential endocrine and/or metabolic complications that may arise, following COVID-19 infection.

 

Author(s) Details:

 

Beatrice Nelson-Ogbonna
Department of Internal Medicine, Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital, Lafia, Nigeria.

 

Jones Uwakwe
Department of Internal Medicine, Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital, Lafia, Nigeria.

 

Please see the book here:  https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-81-973195-5-6/CH5

Impact of Covid-19 on Ear Nose and Oral Health during Pandemic | Chapter 3 | Pharmaceutical Research - Recent Advances and Trends Vol. 1

 

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) coronavirus-2 is a novel coronavirus belonging to the family Coronaviridae originating in Wuhan, China has created an impact across the globe. The SARS-CoV-2, which started initially as a severe pneumonia outbreak in China, has now quickly spread all throughout the globe, COVID-19 has affected a large number of people being reported in approximately 200 countries and territories. The disease has been declared a pandemic by the WHO on March 11, 2020. In this review, an update on virology, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation with a detailed update on oral manifestations. The main suspected mechanism is invasion of the olfactory receptors centrally or damage of the olfactory epithelium which leads to post olfactory loss. Anosmia is usually associated with frontal headache.

 

Author(s) Details:

 

Srividhya Srinivasan
Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Maher, India.

 

K. Saraswathi Gopal
Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Maher, India.

 

P. Mahesh Kumar
Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Maher, India.

 

V. Poongodi
Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Maher, India.

 

R. Anitha
Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Maher, India.

 

Please see the book here: https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/prrat/v1/51

Telemedicine: Basics, Utilization and Challenges during Covid Pandemic | Chapter 3 | Research Highlights in Disease and Health Research Vol. 4

Telemedicine is the use of photoelectric data to communicate knowledge for the purpose of sustaining healthcare when tangible distance separates users. In this review item, we talked historical outlooks, telemedicine system ideas, telemedicine center infrastructure, role in differing spheres, types of Telemedicine Technology, applications honestly Health, current Initiatives and perspectives of a person trained in medical science, and eventually the success and recognition of Telemedicine during the Covid 19 pandemic. Using detached monitoring, patient-connected data for a large number of things can be gathered happening at about the same time. However, there is continually a drawback if an issue arises on account of software or hardware. Thus, counting solely on a calculating system for patient monitoring maybe problematic at times. As a result, skilled should forever be a balance between computer reliance and human intelligence use. Each and every one’s life dissimilarity can be fashioned by maintaining the balance between two together.

Author(s) Details:

Ravishekar N. Hiremath,
Department of Community Medicine, AFMS, New Delhi, India.

Pooja Sinha,
Department of OBG, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India.

Sandhya Ghodke,
Department of Anaesthesia, Rainbow Children Hospital, Bangalore, India.

S. R. Manjunath,
Department of Community Medicine, AFMS, New Delhi, India.

Kasi Vishwanath,
Department of Community Medicine, AFMS, New Delhi, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHDHR-V4/article/view/9935

COVID - 19: Clinical Profile and Outcome of Patients from Tertiary Care Center in North India| Chapter 7 | Current Overview on Disease and Health Research Vol. 7

 An severe respiratory contamination of unknown origin was first labeled in Wuhan, china and stated to WHO on 31st December 2019 and within a temporal length of event or entity's existence, this outbreak was asserted as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern.  This chapter aims to to assess the range of clinical performances and host related determinants in outcome of COVID-19 all the while the first wave. This single centre study revealed the range of dispassionate manifestations and host-connected characteristics in COVID-19's first wave effects, which can help in decrease the burden of disease, minimize friendly disruption, and decrease the economic impact guide a pandemic. Early acknowledgment, admission, and treatment of earlier and co-morbid inmates might hurry the recovery from the sickness and hence lower mortality.

 Author(s) Details:

S. R. Manjunath,
Department of Community Medicine, AFMS, New Delhi, India.

Ravishekar N. Hiremath,
Department of Community Medicine, AFMS, New Delhi, India.

Kasi Vishwanath,
Department of Community Medicine, AFMS, New Delhi, India.

S. K. Thakur,
Department of Community Medicine, AFMS, New Delhi, India and Department of Orthopedics, AFMS, New Delhi, India.

S. K. Choudhary,
Department of Orthopedics, AFMS, New Delhi, India.

Sandhya Ghodke,
Department of Anaesthesia, Rainbow Children Hospital, Bangalore, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CODHR-V7/article/view/9435

Siddha Herbal Preparation- MV Kashayam for the Treatment, Control and Management of COVID-19 - A Clinical Study| Chapter 3 | Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 9

 A arrangement is prepared for the treatment and administration of certain types of bacterial and viral afflictions like coronavirus (COVID-19), H1N1, ZIKA virus, HIV, Hantavirus, Ebola bug etc. comprising ingredients of wanted parts of Solanum xanthocarpum, Tinospora cordifolia, Zingiber officinalis, Tragia involucrata, Clerodendrum serratum, Cyperus rotundus, Piper longum, Andrographis paniculata, Mollugo cerviana, and Costus speciosus in the required quantity. The factors are boiled under the mild flame for a definite ending and reduced its capacity to a specific quantity. The light in weight liquid hence acquired is filtered and used as a "Kashayam". The Kashayam is antiviral (COVID 19), decontaminating, antiasthmatic, immunostimulant, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, hepatoprotective, antagonistic-diarrheal, anti-ulcer, antioxidant, thrombolytic power, anticancer, anti-poisonous effect, aperient, cardiotonic activity, CNS sedative, antihypertensive, and anti-epileptic activity against afflictions of zoonotic importance or communicable afflictions that result in infections in the way that Coronavirus (COVID-19),  H1N1, ZIKA virus, HIV, Hantavirus, Ebola virus, etc. and supplies clarity in agreement.

Author(s) Details:

S. P. Malarkannan,
Department of Rural Development Science, Arul Anandar College, Karumathur, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India.

P. Dharumarajan,
Department of Indian Medicine and Homeopathy, Government Hospital, Aruppukottai, Virudhunagar Dist, Tamil Nadu, India.

M. K. Hariyogesh,
Medical School Foundation, Daevo Medical School Foundation Inc, Poblacion District, Davo City, 8000 Davo del Sur, Philippines.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPR-V9/article/view/8672

A Brief Report on School Pupils’ Perception Regarding Anti-smoking Messages | Chapter 08 | Emerging Trends in Disease and Health Research Vol. 2

 The impact of anti-smoking messages on kids is discussed here (ASM). In 2016, the first study (SI) was undertaken in a private school. The study enlisted the participation of 58 ninth- and tenth-graders of both genders. In 2022, during the COVID outbreak in Georgia, the second study (SII) was done in the same private school. The study enlisted the participation of 61 ninth- and tenth-graders of both genders. Participants in both SI and SII received typed anti-smoking messages (ASM) such as the following. 1. Smoking alters the colour of teeth, 2. creates poor breath, 3. causes skin to become spotted, and 4. promotes lung cancer. 5. Smoking promotes sexual impotency, as evidenced by stories of smokers who died as a result of their habits. ASM were accompanied by illustrations that were pertinent to the topic. Participants were asked to assess whether ASM is effective in helping people quit smoking and to rate each type of ASM. Score 1 meant "not at all persuasive," while score 5 meant "very compelling." School Biology textbooks for ninth and tenth graders were examined for anti-smoking information. In the SI, ASM 1, 2, and 3 had much higher scores than ASM 4, 5, and 6. The findings can be attributed to teenagers' particular interest with their appearance. In the SII, there was no significant difference in results for ASM 1,2,3,4 and 6. Presumably, living in a stressful environment makes schoolchildren more sensitive to ASM, especially when it comes to the danger of smoking causing life-threatening diseases and death. The detrimental effects of smoking on body organs were identified in school biology textbooks, along with pertinent inscriptions. One textbook told the storey of a great actor who died from smoking. There was just one textbook that discussed the effects of smoking on one's appearance. We advocate emphasising the detrimental impact of smoking on children's looks in health educational information contained in school textbooks to improve anti-smoking propaganda directed at schoolchildren.

Author(S) Details

Tamar Taliashvili
Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia.

Malkhaz Makashvili
Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia and Guivi Zaldastanishvili American Academy, Tbilisi, Georgia.

Maia Khadouri
Guivi Zaldastanishvili American Academy, Tbilisi, Georgia.

Teona Gubianuri
Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/ETDHR-V2/article/view/5571

Sars COV 2 in Animals – The Beginning | Chapter 5 | Research Aspects in Agriculture and Veterinary Science Vol. 4

 It is stressed that the medical staff is at most risk, and this is true. Carriers may become infected or carry the virus as a result of constant contact with possibly compromised patients. In this context, it's worth noting that veterinarians are at a higher risk of infection than the general public. It reports and publishes information on the existence of COVID19 in animals in the world literature and international epizootic forums. This virus has been confirmed in several animals, primarily pets from families with multiple carriers. Dyspnea, fever, poor general health, and trouble breathing were all symptoms in pets who tested positive. The International Office of Epizootics cites a few isolated cases in which they tested positive in laboratory tests, but their research yielded some key discoveries for comprehending the new disease's epidemiology. The SARS-CoV-2 infection was clearly linked to the situation of the owners, who were also positive, in the case of dogs and cats discovered positive. The detailed studies found that the dogs and cats were not the source of the owners' ailment, but rather received it from their owners. And, more importantly, it was animals who were victims of humans, not the other way around. Cats and ferrets are the most commonly criticised pets; they were also seen in clinical manifestations and might potentially spread the sickness to other cats. Dogs don't appear to be as sensitive as humans. Veterinary medicine is caught in the middle: on the one hand, it has a professional obligation to investigate the possible source of animal infection using its own and specific methods, but on the other hand, it has a professional duty to defend the innocence of some animal species that have been wrongfully accused and possibly incriminated. Let's not forget that Covid 19 is a syndrome, not an illness, thus clinical misinterpretations are possible. Medical and veterinary databases on the occurrence, the beginning of the pandemic's evolution were accessible as study objectives.

Author(S) Details

Stefan Gregore Ciornei
Department of Clinics, Iasi University of Life Sciences (IULS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iasi, Romania.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RAAVS-V4/article/view/4847

Emphasizing Responsible Research and Innovation for the Media Facebook: Community Involvement in the Study on Agrobiodiversity | Chapter 4 | New Horizons in Education and Social Studies Vol. 8

The presented research was developed at the Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná-PUCPR in Curitiba, Brazil and has organized two activities: an agrobiodiversity exhibition and a MOOC course on Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) with the theme COVID19 as its final exercise, both organized by the Practice on Teaching and Learning with Educational Technologies research group. In the first operation, this group had a collaboration with the Engage Project that implements RRI methods, equipping the next generation to engage in scientific problems to transform how science is taught. PRAPECTEC has an ongoing project sponsored by the National Council for Scientific and Technical Advancement (CNPQ-Brazil), which involves RRI practices in both operations. In this context, the question posed by this research was as follows: how to explore agrobiodiversity-related issues and COVID 19 in order to promote RRI? The goal of this study was to promote two RRI practices through the Facebook social network, one on agrobiodiversity and one on COVID in a MOOC, in order to disseminate questions addressed to this topic. These activities have national and international implications, affecting teachers, students and the population from Brazil and other countries in general, with a spectrum of participation from a diverse audience. The findings indicate that there is still a lot to learn about the practice of RRI. We conclude that the Agrobiodiversity exhibition, the first activity of RRI practice involving the issue of genetically modified products, can reflect a process of teaching and learning that is more aware and collaborative, enabling different actors to be included and fostering a connection between society and science.

Author(s) Details

Patricia Lupion Torres
Pontifical Catholic University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil.

Neusa Nogueira Fialho
Pontifical Catholic University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil.

Raquel Pasternak Glitz Kowalski
Pontifical Catholic University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil.

Alexandra Okada
Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/nhess/issue/view/9