Determining the Effects of Silicon Content in Rice Husk Biochar of Southern Taiwan on the Germination of Corn Seeds (Zea mays L.) | Chapter 5 | New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 10

 To our knowledge, there haven't been many studies on this topic in Southern Taiwan, where rice residues from farm areas offer a lot of potential. Farmers are unaware that simply adding a source of accessible silicon to the soil, they can improve crop production and increase stress and disease tolerance. Despite this, there are few publications on the Si effect of rice husk biochar on plant seed germination. In line with the foregoing, the goal of this research is to see how biochar made from pyrolyzed rice husks affects corn (Zea mays L.) seed germination and plant growth. The objective of such rice wastes is to make biochar out of them. The features of rice husk biochar were investigated in Pingtung County, using various types of combustion and temperatures in the process, as well as the impacts on corn (Zea mays L.) seed germination. Seven (7) different treatments were used in the experiment, including rice husk, rice husk biochar, and chemical fertiliser. To balance the quantities of rice husk biochar that may be integrated into clayey soils, the biochar treatments employed a 50/50 blend of biochar and soil. The impact of biochar on corn growth was investigated. Silicon content in rice husk biochar inhibited seed germination linearly, according to the findings. Silicon was found to be considerably damaging to corn seed germination in this study when Si concentration in rice husk biochar was more than 25 to 30 wt%, indicating that rising levels of silicic acid and amounts of the amendment exceeding 8-10 tonnes per hectare can impair germination rates. The apparent reduction in the total available amounts of heavy metals in bottom ash is the most encouraging consequence, implying that using binary mixes in plant formation is safe.

Author(S) Details

O. V. Milla
Soluciones Carbono Negativo, El Salvador, San Salvador, Central America.

C. C. Chien
Department of Eco-System Technology, Industrial Technology Research Institute of Tainan, Taiwan.

W. J. Huang
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Taiwan.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVST-V10/article/view/4886

Detailed Multiband Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Study on Nanocrystalline (1-x)NiFe2O4/(x)BaTiO3 Composites | Chapter 5 | Newest Updates in Physical Science Research Vol. 2

On nanocrystalline (1-x)NiFe2O4/ (x)BaTiO3 composites, multiband electromagnetic wave absorption has been studied. Using a high energy milling (HEM) tool, the samples were made by solid state reaction from powder raw materials of BaTiO3 (BTO) and NiFe2O4 (NFO) compounds. The BTO and NFO were then calcined and manually combined in the following weight percent ratios: 0:100, 34:66, 50:50, 60:40, and 100:0, referred to as K-1, K-2, K-3, K-4, and K-5, respectively. The five samples were then sintered after being pressed into pellets. The five composite samples were then characterised to see whether the phase of the synthesised materials had developed in the expected way. As a result, a qualitative study was carried out using the X-ray diffraction method and an X-ray Diffractometer (XRD). GSAS software was used to analyse X-ray diffraction results. The vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) instrument was used to examine the material's magnetic properties. All of the samples' X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns are single phase and impurity-free. A single cubic crystal structure of NFO with a space group of Fd-3m, No. 227, can be indexed to the sample K1. The sample K5, on the other hand, can be traced back to a single tetragonal BTO crystal structure with a space group of P4mm, No. 99. Although K2, K3, and K4 are composites made up of two phases, NFO and BTO, respectively. Soft magnetic output can be seen in all of the samples. The mass magnetization ranges from 20.0 to 49.0 emu/g. A vector network analyser was used to calculate the electromagnetic parameters of the composites in the frequency range of 2 GHz to 18 GHz. The results showed that (1-x) NiFe2O4 / (x) BaTiO3 composites absorb electromagnetic waves in three bands. The three-band reflection loss of the 0.5NiFe2O4 / 0.5BaTiO3 composite is greater than the other, and the three-band reflection loss is almost the same, i.e., below -15 dB. The 0.5NiFe2O4 / 0.5BaTiO3 composite is a strong candidate for electro-magnetic wave absorption, according to these experiments.

Author (s) Details

E. Sukirman
Centre for Science and Technology of Advance Materials-BATAN, Puspiptek, Serpong 15314, Tangerang Selatan, Banten Province, Indonesia.

Y. Sarwanto
Centre for Science and Technology of Advance Materials-BATAN, Puspiptek, Serpong 15314, Tangerang Selatan, Banten Province, Indonesia.

S. Ahda
Centre for Science and Technology of Advance Materials-BATAN, Puspiptek, Serpong 15314, Tangerang Selatan, Banten Province, Indonesia.

Y. Taryana
Research Center for Electronics and Telecommunications-LIPI, Jl. Sangkuriang, Bandung 40135, West Java Province, Indonesia.

Dr. S. Purwanto
Centre for Science and Technology of Advance Materials-BATAN, Puspiptek, Serpong 15314, Tangerang Selatan, Banten Province, Indonesia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NUPSR-V2/issue/view/54

Compilation of Equations for Calculation of Liquid–vapor Equilibrium in Binary Mixtures Containing Methane | Chapter 4 | Newest Updates in Physical Science Research Vol. 2

Experimental data on liquid-vapor equilibrium in binary mixtures of methane, argon, carbon dioxide, and helium were compiled into equations. The equations show how temperature and composition affect the pressure of a liquid or vapour. The most important coefficients of the equations were chosen by the programme when compiling them. The deviations between experimental and measured pressure values vary from 1.8 to 5.0 percent. At known values of other phase equilibrium parameters, the equations can be used to calculate the phase composition or temperature. These equations will be useful for computer-assisted optimization of calculations for separating binary mixtures and developing automated air separation facility control systems.

Author (s) Details

A. Vasserman
Odessa National Maritime University, Odessa, Ukraine

V. Halkin
Odessa National Maritime University, Odessa, Ukraine.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NUPSR-V2/issue/view/54