Vitamin D was once thought to be a bone-building mineral that improved calcium absorption; however, recent research shows that it has potential in a wide range of diseases, including diabetes, hypertension, and cancer, as well as in special populations such as pregnancy and lactation. Vitamin D deficiency is currently regarded as the world's most untreated nutritional deficiency. Vitamin D status becomes critical for optimal maternal and foetal outcomes as calcium demands rise during pregnancy. Low Vitamin D levels during pregnancy and infancy have been related to negative health effects such as preeclampsia, low birth weight, neonatal hypocalcemia, bone fragility, and an increased rate of autoimmune diseases. Despite widespread use of prenatal vitamins, Vitamin D deficiency is common during pregnancy and lactation since these are insufficient to maintain normal Vitamin D levels. The widespread deficiency of Vitamin D in pregnant women and lactating mothers necessitates a study to determine the optimum level of Vitamin D and the appropriate amount of Vitamin D intake needed to sustain optimum levels in these populations. Vitamin D supplementation as recommended by the IOM (US) and the ICMR (India) is insufficient to maintain the optimal levels of serum 25(OH) D above 30 ng/ml needed during pregnancy. As a result, it might be prudent to provide Vitamin D testing as part of routine antenatal treatment for all pregnant women, and supplementation should be suggested if deficiency continues. Interventional studies in special populations have shown that vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy and lactation is both safe and effective for optimal maternal and foetal outcomes. Most experts agree that up to 2000 IU/day of Vitamin D is healthy when Vitamin D deficiency is discovered during pregnancy. This analysis discusses Vitamin D deficiency in India and the need for supplementation, as well as the facts for implementing Vitamin D supplementation while preparing a pregnancy, existing guidelines, and the consequences of Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy and lactation.
Author (s) DetailsManish Maladkar
Aristo Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
Srividya Sankar
Aristo Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
Chitra Tekchandani
Aristo Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
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