Direct Conversion of Dry Algae to Biodiesel under Supercritical Methanolysis: An Advanced Research | Chapter 13 | New Innovations in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 3

 The goal of the research is to convert dry algal biomass into biodiesel in a single step under supercritical methanol conditions, which is both environmentally benign and cost effective. Methanol is used to extract and transesterify lipids from algae under supercritical conditions, resulting in fatty acid methyl esters. The fatty acid methyl esters are generated from polar phospholipids, free fatty acids, and triglycerides, and the process conditions prevent the development of byproducts. On the production of fatty acid methyl esters, the effects of dry algae to methanol (weight/volume) ratio (1:12-1:40), reaction temperature (150-300°C), and reaction duration (5–50 min.) are examined. The conversion percentage reached 97 percent at 300°C, with a molar ratio of 1:30 (weight/volume) and a reaction time of 30 minutes. The purity of fatty acid methyl ester was determined by gas chromatography analysis, and it was found to be 80 percent pure with a 77.6% alkyl ester content. With a high anticipated cetane number (60), strong oxidation resistance, and low viscosity, this green conversion technique has the potential to provide an energy-efficient and cost-effective route for biodiesel production.

Author(S) Details

S. Hawash
Chemical Engineering & Pilot Plant Department, National Research Centre, Egypt.

S. A. Abo El- Enin
Chemical Engineering & Pilot Plant Department, National Research Centre, Egypt.

G. El Diwani
Chemical Engineering & Pilot Plant Department, National Research Centre, Egypt.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NICB-V3/article/view/4017

Determining the Physicochemical Parameters of Soil and Groundwater in Kaltungo LGA, Gombe State, Nigeria | Chapter 12 | New Innovations in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 3

 Groundwater and soil samples were collected in Kaltungo LGA, Gombe State, in April 2012 to determine the quality of the groundwater (dry season). The purpose of this research was to look at various physicochemical parameters of drinking water samples collected from hand-dug wells and boreholes that had not been treated before use. The purpose was to establish the quality of water from various sources as a result of reported dental fluorosis. Intake of large amounts of fluoride during the early infancy years, when both the deciduous and permanent dentition are growing, has been linked to dental fluorosis. Ten soil and groundwater samples were gathered from four sampling sites, with two samples collected as a control from the Billiri LGA. On the samples obtained, the parameters nitrate, sulphate, phosphate, chloride, fluoride, electrical conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, temperature, turbidity, total hardness, and total alkalinity were determined using a standard procedure. The following variances in the examined parameters in samples were discovered by the data: Temperature: 24.5-27.3oC, pH: 5.47-7.50, electrical conductivity (EC): 700-20,000 s/cm, total hardness: 60.70-979.6 mg/L, alkalinity: 24.10-79.03 mg/L, turbidity: 0.06-95.40 NTU, phosphate: 0.05-0.80 mg/L, fluoride: 1.31-1.97 mg/L, nitrate: 19.40- The bulk of the examined indicators were found in excess of the World Health Organization's permissible thresholds for drinking water quality criteria in the Kaltungo samples. Analyses of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation were used to describe the findings.

Author(S) Details

Casimir E. Gimba
Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria.

George I. Ndukwe
Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria.

Elaoyi D. Paul
Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria.

James D. Habila
Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria.

Lamis A. Madaki
Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NICB-V3/article/view/4016

Use and Efficiency of Alginic Acid to Remove Some Heavy Elements from Pollutant Water | Chapter 11 | New Innovations in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 3

 Heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Co, and Fe) were removed from polluted water in this study utilising a chemical approach that included the inclusion of a biological polymer (alginic acid). Different concentrations (0.5,1,1.50,2 ppm) were present for each element. The pH 5 and duration of the test were assessed after 72 hours, and the leftover amounts of the indicated components were detected using the atomic absorption spectrometry technique. The findings revealed that the extraction of the components under investigation was acidic. Lead concentrations were highest at 2ppm, followed by 1.5ppm chromium, 0.5ppm iron, and 0.5ppm cobalt. Finally, because of its easy availability and manufacture, we encourage scholars to conduct research on alginic acid.

Author(S) Details

Nibras Mohammed Abdulrasool Alsaffar
Market Research and Consumer Protection Center/ University of Baghdad/ Baghdad/ Iraq.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NICB-V3/article/view/4015

Mechanical Properties of Composite Material Based on Polypropylene and Vietnamese Rice Husk Filler: Experimental Investigation | Chapter 10 | New Innovations in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 3

 The development of novel materials combining polymers and renewable resources has resulted from consideration of the environmental impact of polymer goods today. Biocomposites have received a lot of attention among these materials. The goal of this study was to create biocomposites made of polypropylene and Vietnamese rice husk flour with a limited size distribution (100–125 m) and a compatibilizer made of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene. Rice husk flour (RHF) is one of the most common agricultural leftovers discarded throughout the rice-growing process. The impact of rice husk flour and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene on composite characteristics was studied. The addition of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene greatly enhanced mechanical characteristics and thermal stability at relatively high rice husk content, according to the results.

Author(S) Details

Thanh Duy Tran
Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea.

C. N. Ha Thuc
Faculty of Material Science & Technology, University of Science, Vietnam National University (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Road, 72000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam and Vietnam National University of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

H. Ha Thuc
Vietnam National University of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam and Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University (VNU-HCM), 72000 Ho Chi Minh City, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Road, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Tai Dang Tan
Faculty of Material Science & Technology, University of Science, Vietnam National University (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Road, 72000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam and Vietnam National University of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NICB-V3/article/view/4014

Effect of pH on Benzoic Acid Solubilization and Its Partition in Water-Benzene Solvents | Chapter 9 | New Innovations in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 3

 The solubility of a substance is determined by the solute-solvent interaction, pH, temperature, and ionic dissociation, among other factors, where the solute is partitioned between two immiscible liquid solvents. The solubility of benzoic acid (solute) as well as its partitioning between hydrophilic water and hydrophobic benzene, which are utilised as solvents at room temperature (25°C), are described in this paper. The distribution of the solute benzoic acid between these two solvents is investigated using the shake-flask and titrimetric methods, as well as the acid-base titration method. At several pH ranges (4.0, 7.0, and 9.0), the solubility of salt benzoic acid and their partition into water and benzene-buffer solutions were also investigated.

Author(S) Details

Shiv Prakash Mishra
Faculty of Science, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya-224001, (U.P.), India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NICB-V3/article/view/4013

Determination of Lactic Acid Content during Embryonic Development of the Silkworm under Imposed Photoperiodic Regimes | Chapter 8 | New Innovations in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 3

 When comparing the untreated control to the fluctuations in the lactic acid concentration of developing eggs during the day to day developmental phase, significant adjustments and favourable responses to light induction were identified. Lactic acid deposition during embryonic development in anaerobic environments is an adaptive approach for coping with the unfavourable environmental conditions. The current study is focused on the notion of photoperiodic impacts on the level of lactic acid in the growing silkworm embryo. The lactic acid content slowly decomposed and activated aerobic respiration in silkworm eggs throughout the enforced photoperiodic regimes, which proliferated and aided the rate of increased morphogenesis and organ differential attributable to embryonic age advancement. It is more important in hibernated eggs of the mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori L., than non-hibernated eggs in the adaptation mechanism under harsh environmental conditions. The goal of this research is to look at how the lactic acid content of growing CSR4 breed embryos changes under 16:08 light and dark circumstances.

Author(S) Details

Jyoti Prasad Baruah
Silkworm Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory Department of Studies in Sericulture Science, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru- 570006, India.

T. S. Jagadeesh Kumar
Silkworm Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory Department of Studies in Sericulture Science, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru- 570006, India.

Chinmoyee Kalita
Silkworm Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory Department of Studies in Sericulture Science, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru- 570006, India.

K. M. Arun Kumar
Silkworm Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory Department of Studies in Sericulture Science, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru- 570006, India.

G. Impana
Silkworm Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory Department of Studies in Sericulture Science, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru- 570006, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NICB-V3/article/view/4012

Design, Synthesis, and Anti-Tubercular Studies of 10-(phenylsulfonyl)pyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazol (10H) One Derivatives | Chapter 7 | New Innovations in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 3

 Sulfonamides are a special class of chemicals with outstanding antibacterial properties. Sulpha medicines were the first efficient chemotherapeutic agents used to treat bacterial infections in humans, and they were shown to be resistant to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Typhoid and Paratyphoid bacilli, and other germs. N-sulfonation of 2-substituted-pyrimido[1,2- a]benzimidazol-4(10H)-ones yielded a series of new 10-phenylsulfonyl-2-substituted-4,10 dihydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2- a]pyrimidin-4-one derivatives, which were evaluated for in vitro anti-tuberculosis activity against Mycobacter

Author(S) Details

K. V. Jagannath
Department of Chemistry, Bengaluru City University, Central College Campus, Bengaluru-560001, India.

G. Krishnamurthy
Department of Chemistry, Bangalore University, Jnanabharathi Campus, Bengaluru-560056, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NICB-V3/article/view/4011

Development of High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Ambroxol, Roxithromycin and Serratiopeptidase in Combined Tablet Dosage Forms | Chapter 6 | New Innovations in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 3

 The researchers devised and validated a simple, sensitive, and accurate RP-HPLC technique for the simultaneous measurement of ambroxol, roxithromycin, and serratiopeptidase in bulk and combination tablet dose form. Using a Waters HPLC system with a YMC Pack pro C18 (250 4.6 mm, 5 m particle size) column, ambroxol, roxithromycin, and serratiopeptidase were separated and quantified. The mobile phase was made up of 0.1 percent orthophosphoric acid and 60:40 v/v acetonitrile. The calibration curves for ambroxol, roxithromycin, and serratiopeptidase were linear over concentration ranges of 12-36 g/mL, 60-180 g/mL, and 6-18 g/mL, with limits of detection of 0.040 g/mL, 1.176 g/mL, and 0.127 g/mL, respectively. Recovery rates ranged from 99.57 percent to 100.24 percent for the medications tested, with relative standard deviations ranging from 0.12 percent to 0.36 percent. According to the ICH criteria, the devised approach was validated. The proposed RP-HPLC method might be utilised to analyse ambroxol, roxithromycin, and serratiopeptidase in combination tablet dosage forms at the same time.

Author(S) Details

G. Sailaja
Department of Chemistry, Singareni Collieries Women’s Degree College, Kothagudem, Khammam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

P. R. K. Veni
Department of Chemistry, Sasi Institute of Technology and Engineering, Tadepalligudem, W.G. Dist., AP, India.

B. Hari Babu
Department of Chemistry, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NICB-V3/article/view/4010

Study on the Effect of Oxygenated Fuels on Emissions Characteristics: A Comparative Study between Compression Ignition and Spark Ignition Engines | Chapter 5 | New Innovations in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 3

 Petroleum consumption is commonly regarded as one of the most significant factors to environmental degradation. The combustion of oxygenated fuel blends in diesel and gasoline engines is explored in this study, with a special focus on emissions. The study had two objectives: first, to identify the extent to which NOx, uHC, and CO emissions are increased or decreased for various loads in BMEP; and second, to evaluate the extent to which emissions of NOx, uHC, and CO are increased or decreased for various loads in BMEP. Second, the emissions of the two engines should be compared.

In the gasoline engine, 20% methanol was blended with 80% gasoline (M20), whereas in the diesel engine, a mixture of 20% n-butanol and 80% diesel (B20) was investigated. The gasoline engine was a Suzuki RS-416 1.6L normally aspirated engine, and the diesel engine was a 1Z type, 1.9L Turbo-Direct injection engine (TDI). NOx emissions increased with increasing brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) for diesel fuel (DF), but were marginally lower than the blend B20 at 50 and 75 percent load; however, NOx emissions decreased in comparison to gasoline fuel (GF), but were four times higher than in diesel engines. When compared to the reference fuel DF, firing B20 reduced the quality of unburned hydrocarbons (uHC) emissions in diesel engines. The range of uHC emissions in the diesel engine, on the other hand, was much narrower than in the gasoline engine: 10-60 ppm and 600 to 700 ppm, respectively. Above 25 percent BMEP, M20 lowered uHc concentration more than GF. M20's carbon monoxide (CO) concentration increased more than GF's. CO emission concentrations in B20 increased in comparison to DF. All oxygenated blends, M20 and B20, had lower exhaust gas temperatures (EGT) than GF and DF.

Author(S) Details

L. Siwale
School of Engineering, The Copperbelt University, Riverside Campus, Jambo Drive, Box 21692, Kitwe, Zambia.

R. J. Kashinga
School of Engineering, The Copperbelt University, Riverside Campus, Jambo Drive, Box 21692, Kitwe, Zambia.

S. Chama
School of Engineering, The Copperbelt University, Riverside Campus, Jambo Drive, Box 21692, Kitwe, Zambia.

J. Siame
School of Mines & Mineral Sciences, The Copperbelt University, Riverside Campus, Jambo Drive, Box 21692, Kitwe, Zambia.

A. Bereczky
Department of Energy Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Bertalan Lajos U. 4–6, D208, Hungary.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NICB-V3/article/view/4009

Glycoconjugates Study in Surface Secretions of a Fresh Water Edible Catfish, Clarias gariepinus in Response to Clove Oil Anaesthesia: Experimental Investigation | Chapter 4 | New Innovations in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 3

 This histopathology and histochemistry study looks at the effects of clove oil anaesthesia on the gills, dendritic organs, and skin of Clarias gariepinus, a locally available fresh water edible catfish. Clove oil has long been known for its medical properties, and it was/is extensively used as an analgesic and antiseptic. Surface organs in C. gariepinus include the gills, dendritic organs, and skin, which are in direct contact with the surrounding water and hence give a larger surface area of absorption for any xenobiotics, including the clove, and were thus chosen for examination. Clove oil, obtained from the Syzygium aromaticum plant's flower buds, leaves, and stems, has recently been introduced as an effective anaesthetic agent in the fishing industry for a variety of uses. C. gariepinus with a total length of 30 2 cm and a weight of 200 5 g was exposed to clove oil concentrations ranging from 0.07 ml/l to 0.3 ml/l (LOBA CHEM. PVT. LTD, MUMBAI, Minimum assay 85 percent). C. gariepinus displayed erratic swimming, bubbling, rubbing against the side and bottom walls of the glass aquarium, and protrusion of the head above the water surface during clove oil exposures. As their opercular motions cease and their balance is lost, fish, on the other hand, become static and horizontal. Clove oil anaesthesia alters the mucogenic characteristics of all surface organs, leading the surface to exude more Alcian Blue pH 2.5 positive mucus and slime. Wear and tear of the epithelial linings of the gills, destruction of vascular components, blood seeping on the surface of dendritic organs, and lifting of the gill epithelium are all adverse effects of clove oil anaesthesia in C. gariepinus.

Author(S) Details

Ajai Kumar Singh
Post Graduate Department of Zoology, R. K. Talreja College of Arts, Science & Commerce, Ulhasnagar-3 (MS), India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NICB-V3/article/view/4008

Study on Cissus quadrangularis Linn: An Insilico Approach towards the Anti-inflammation and Anticancer | Chapter 3 | New Innovations in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 3

 The medicinal plant Cissus quadrangularis is native to Asia and Africa. It is utilised in traditional medical systems such as ayurveda, siddha, unani, and homoeopathy. This plant's medicinal components are thought to be particularly useful for a variety of diseases. The phytochemical examination of the plant Cissus quadrangularis began with ethanobotanical and traditional usage of the plant. The study's major goal is to use an insilico method to determine the potential of a few isolated phytochemicals from this plant against cancer and inflammation. The plant's stem was extracted with Petroleum ether, Ethyl acetate, Chloroform, and Ethanol in a series of solvents. The crude extract was choromatographed in a column. Ascorbic acid, quercetin, phytol, and Luteolin were discovered among the 20 components extracted. After that, the phytochemicals were molecular docked in Auto dock 4.2 to see if they had any pharmacological activity. These molecules can be carried over for invivo investigation, according to the findings.

Author(S) Details

Vidya Edathil
Department of Chemistry, PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore, India.

Selvi Gopal
Department of Chemistry, PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NICB-V3/article/view/4007

Sialic Acid and Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus | Chapter 2 | New Innovations in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 3

 Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterised by chronic hyperglycemia and is associated with an increased risk of microvascular consequences. Serum sialic acid has been identified as a putative Type 2 diabetes risk factor. In Type-2 diabetics, serum sialic acid levels are frequently greater than in non-diabetic people.

The study's goal was to estimate serum sialic acid in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and non-diabetic individuals in NCR, Delhi, and to compare serum sialic acid levels to fasting blood glucose levels in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and non-diabetic individuals.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional assessment of 70 adults aged 30 to 70 was conducted in Delhi's NCR. Thirty-five persons with type-2 diabetes mellitus (15 men and 20 women) and thirty-five people without diabetes acted as controls in this study (16 males and 19 females).

Fasting blood glucose and serum sialic acid were measured in both groups.

Results: Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients had higher serum sialic acid levels (76.607.89) than non-diabetics (39.669.55), with a statistically significant p-value of 0.001.

Conclusion: Serum sialic levels were found to be greater in Type 2 diabetes patients in Delhi-NCR, indicating that these patients were at risk of developing microvascular issues, according to the findings of this study. As a result, measuring sialic acid levels could help in the early detection and prevention of microvascular issues linked to type 2 diabetes.

Author(S) Details

Yendrembam Pascal Singh
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences and Research and Sharda Hospital, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Manoj Kumar Nandkeoliar
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences and Research and Sharda Hospital, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Ved Pal Singh Punia
Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences and Research and Sharda Hospital, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Gladys Rai
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences and Research and Sharda Hospital, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NICB-V3/article/view/4006

Inflammatory Markers in Critically Ill Patients with Venous Thrombosis: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Tertiary Hospital | Chapter 1| New Innovations in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 3

 the United States. In hospitalised patients, venous thrombosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, and it is potentially preventable. Over the last decade, deep vein thrombosis (DVT) has grown in popularity as a potentially preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalised patients. The researchers wanted to investigate inflammatory indicators in venous thrombosis.

Materials and Procedures: Patients admitted to tertiary hospitals were studied in a cross-sectional research. The study examined 59 cases of venous thrombosis that were confirmed by radiography. Written informed consent was obtained for participation in the study and the conduct of investigations. Between November 2017 and September 2019, the study was conducted.

Results: The average age of the study participants was 43.6 years (SD=16.4), with a range of 20 to 72 years. Among the 59 cases, 48 were males (81.4%) and 11 were girls (18.6 percent). The patients' average Body Mass Index was 24.33 2.84 kg/m2. CRP levels were increased in 48 of the 59 individuals (81.3%). Serum homocysteine levels were increased in 46 individuals (77%) (>15 mol/L). Low HDL was found in 74.6 percent of the 59 participants, whereas high LDL was found in 61 percent and high Triglycerides was found in 45 percent. The level of total cholesterol has risen by 40.7 percent. D dimer levels were found to be high in 98.3% of the cases.

Conclusion: We discovered that spontaneous venous thrombosis is a common cause of worry among men aged 20 to 29, who have a BMI of more than 25 kg/m2. Inflammatory markers were found to be significantly greater in venous thrombosis patients.

Author(S) Details

Shaheen B. Shaikh
Department of Biochemistry, Yenepoya Medical College Hospital, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India.

H. M. Ismail
Department of Critical Care Medicine, Yenepoya Medical College Hospital, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India.

R. Bhavya
MVJ Medical College and Research Hospital, Hoskote Taluk, Bangalore Rural, India.

P. Ganesh
Department of Biochemistry, Yenepoya Medical College Hospital, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India.

Sarfaraz Shaikh
Department of Emergency Medicine, DM WIMS Medical College Wayanad, Kerala, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NICB-V3/article/view/4005

Investigating the Association of VO2 and VCO2 Rate Variability with Serum Glucose, Insulin and Glucose Intolerance | Chapter 8 | Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 5

The variability of oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2), as well as the relationship between serum glucose and insulin and the energy spectral density (ESD) of VO2 and VCO2, were used to assess variations in cellular metabolism.

Materials and Methods: The study included ten non-glucose intolerant and ten glucose intolerant patients between the ages of 21 and 70. For three hours, glucose, insulin, VO2 and VCO2 levels, as well as VO2 and VCO2 levels, were assessed every 10 minutes. The ESD of VO2 and VCO2 was estimated and correlated with glucose and insulin levels.

Results: At post-load glucose state compared to basal state, there was statistical significance in glucose levels, insulin, and ESD of VO2 and VCO2 among non-glucose intolerant subjects, and glucose and insulin among glucose intolerance subjects. Furthermore, glucose levels in glucose intolerance patients were considerably greater than non-glucose intolerant subjects in both the basal and post-load glucose stages.

Conclusions: These data reveal an increase in ESD of VO2 and VCO2 in non-glucose intolerant people during the post-load glucose state, hinting that their measurement could be a crucial signal of cellular metabolic activity variability and help confirm glucose metabolism abnormalities. More research is required to fully comprehend the precise behaviour of ESD of VO2 and VCO2 in a wider group of diabetes people.


Author (S) Details


Julián Satué-Rodríguez

Medical Research Unit in Metabolic Diseases, Cardiology Hospital, National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, México City, Mexico.

José D. Méndez

Medical Research Unit in Metabolic Diseases, Cardiology Hospital, National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, México City, Mexico.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/IDHR-V5/article/view/3970

Study about Upper Limb Fractures in Adolescents Attending Selected Government Hospitals in Sri Lanka and Its Associated Prehospital Care | Chapter 9 | Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 5

Adolescents' injuries are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. In Sri Lanka, adolescent fractures are a hidden public health issue. As risk factors for upper limb fractures are frequent in today's highly marketed world, injuries to the upper limb will affect all of the adolescent's activities in this new period. Adolescent injury prevention is an investment for the country because they are among the most economically productive age groups. Prehospital treatment should be prioritised to relieve the state's burden.

The study's goal was to describe the sociodemographic characteristics of adolescents with upper limb fractures in a Sri Lankan district and link them to their socioeconomic status.

Methods: A hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken on a sample of 1090 newly diagnosed adolescents aged 10 to 19 years with upper limb fractures treated at higher-level hospitals in the Colombo district. To characterise sociodemographic characteristics and prehospital care approaches, descriptive statistics were used.

The following are the results of the sample: The sample's average age was 12.45 years (SD=2.59). Males made up the bulk (n = 892; 81.8 percent). The most common site of injury was the adolescent's home (n=518, 47.5 percent). Following a fall, the majority of the teenagers (n=855, 78.5%) suffered upper limb fractures. The bulk of people (n= 687; 63 percent) took a three-wheeler taxi to go to the hospital. Only 29.5 percent (n= 322, CI: 26.8-32.3) of the subjects received any form of prehospital care.

Conclusion: The majority of the teenagers had had no prehospital treatment and relied on three-wheeler taxis to get to a health care facility. Adolescents are a productive age group that is transitioning from childhood to adulthood, thus educating school children, their parents, and teachers will help the country.

Author (S) Details

Hemali Jayasekera

Epidemiology Unit, Ministry of Health, Sri Lanka and Warwick Medical School, UK.

Samitha Siritunga

Non-Communicable Disease Unit, Ministry of Health, Sri Lanka.

Upul Senarath

Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/IDHR-V5/article/view/3971

Nursing Students’ Critical Thinking, Problem Solving and Self Directive Learning Skills: The Effect of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Versus Lecture Based Learning (LBL) | Chapter 10 | Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 5

Background: There is a lot of literature on Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in medical and nursing education, but there isn't much from a cultural standpoint. As a result, the study's goal was to compare the outcomes of nursing students who received PBL with standard lecture in terms of critical thinking, problem-solving, and self-directed learning. PBL, or student-centered outcome-based learning, has become increasingly important in higher education and has been shown to increase learning quality among students at all levels and across disciplines.

Methods: A randomised controlled trial (RCT) design was employed with 85 undergraduate students who were enrolled in a mental nursing course and studied at level seven. The following instruments were used: PBL Evaluation Questionnaire with 20 elements for self-report (PBLEQ). The 14 items on the Self-assessment Scale on Active Learning and Critical Thinking (SSACT) scale are divided into two categories: "active learning" and "critical thinking." With coefficient alpha >0.8, all scales were highly reliable.

The experimental group was regarded PBL is effective in their learning process (t=3.568; p0.05) according to the study results, which demonstrated that the survey response rates were 100%. At pre and post intervention, the total SSACT indicated a significant difference in the experimental group (t=6.413; p0.05). In the pretest, there was a significant difference in percentage score between the experimental and control groups (t=2.374, p0.05).

Conclusion: This study provides information on the usefulness of PBL in building professional knowledge, developing problem-solving abilities, creating self-directed learning, and improving motivation from the perspective of students. It also encourages effective group collaboration while also encouraging active learning and critical thinking. As a result, PBL can easily be considered an alternate approach of teaching nursing students because it allows students to act as experts in clinical situations with little knowledge and motivates them to think not only deeply but also rigorously while establishing lifelong learning abilities.


Author (S) Details

Hend Al Najjar

Pediatric Nursing, King Saud Bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, College of Nursing, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Amal Ibrahim Khalil

Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Menoufyia University, Egypt and King Saud Bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, College of Nursing, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Siti Awa Abu Bakar

Adult Nursing, King Saud Bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, College of Nursing, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/IDHR-V5/article/view/3972

Study on Functional Outcomes of Adolescents after Initial Treatment of Upper Limb Fractures in a Selected District in Sri Lanka | Chapter 11 | Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 5

Background: Adolescents are the most vulnerable to injuries, which are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Fractures have been discovered as a common complication of injuries, and limb fractures severely restrict their functional capacity. Adolescents' productivity and quality of life may suffer as a result. Preventing adolescent-related injuries is an investment for a society because adolescents are among the most economically productive age groups. 59.5 percent of upper limb fracture patients admitted to the National Hospital in Sri Lanka failed to carry out everyday tasks during the first three months after treatment.

The goal of this study was to assess the functional outcomes of adolescents aged 10 to 19 years who received first treatment for upper limb fractures in government hospitals in Sri Lanka's Colombo area.

Methodology: A follow-up study was undertaken on 400 teenage victims who suffered upper limb fractures as a result of their injuries. They were picked from six major hospitals in Colombo's district after first treatment and followed up for six weeks. A validated and culturally accepted new method was used to measure their functional results using a Likert scale at six weeks, while visiting follow-up clinics at their individual hospitals or at their homes.

The results showed that 33.2 percent of 400 patients had good functional outcomes after six weeks of treatment. The highest mean score for adolescents was for specific activities like playing, sports or leisure activities, or sewing, and this was their primary functional impairment (Mean score 865.5 with standard deviation of 23.97).

Conclusions and Recommendations: Rehabilitation care for adolescent fracture victims needs to be enhanced in order for them to heal rapidly, as they represent the country's future generation.


Author (S) Details

Hemali Jayasekera

Ministry of Health, Sri Lanka and Warwick Medical School, UK.

Samitha Siritunga

Non-Communicable Disease Unit, Ministry of Health, Sri Lanka

Upul Senarath

Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka.

Paramjit Gill

Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, United Kingdom.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/IDHR-V5/article/view/3973

Determination of Phytochemicals as Potential Inhibitors of Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) with Special Reference to Breast Cancer | Chapter 7 | Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 5

Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women in India and around the world. Metastasis and secondary tumour growth are the leading causes of mortality and poor clinical prognosis in most malignancies, including breast tumours, and metastasized cancers remain essentially untreatable even with modern therapeutic options. MMPs, a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidase enzymes, play an important role in the regulation of metastasis and tumour formation, making them potential therapeutic targets for preventing metastasis. Therapeutic using phytochemical substances has the potential to lessen treatment adverse effects while also lowering treatment costs. The goal of this study is to look at the potential of four different phytochemicals, resveratrol, theaflavin, curcumin, and all-trans retinoic acid, as MMP inhibitors, with a focus on breast cancer.

Author (S) Details

Anirban Roy

Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Kolkata, 30 Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata 700016, West Bengal, India.

Indira Chakraborty

Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Kolkata, 30 Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata 700016, West Bengal, India.

Aniruddha Banerji

Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Kolkata, 30 Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata 700016, West Bengal, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/IDHR-V5/article/view/3969

Pandemic Preparedness and What have We Really Learned from COVID-19 So Far? | Chapter 12 | Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 5

Background: The second year of the COVID-19 epidemic has demonstrated that present systems are severely challenged by the complexity and intersectoral effects around the world. Quick fixes and problem-solving in a fractioned, comparative manner are no longer viable options. Even Nevertheless, there appears to be a belief that repeating the same actions will yield different consequences.

The goal of this session is to go over some of the best practises, lessons learned, and progress made in some of the evaluations. At the same time, this is an opportunity to recognise the progress made so far in Pandemic Preparedness while also highlighting the possibility of considering an alternative, system theory approach - David Gershon's concept of social transformation 2.0.

Findings: As the pandemic advances through different stages, the level of complexity for sectors, systems, and governments around the world is unparalleled. Several documents have been compiled to guarantee that progress is achieved in this area. More assessments to identify best practises and gaps are planned to aid governments in their efforts to ensure the safety of their citizens and contribute to global health security. Apart from certain categories being the same or similar, a rising number of instruments are being developed to assist governments in keeping track of current pandemic preparedness measures. The assessment reports revealed that each evaluation had its own set of indications and functions. While the focus was on finding gaps, there is limited information on the progress made and potential overlaps. Nonetheless, there is a lot of good purpose behind these assessments, as well as a significant amount of labour and resources. Interoperability, or connecting the dots, appeared to be supplanted by intersectional activism, in which diverse entities must leave a mark with single-sided solutions rather than a collaborative (behavior-driven), systematic, comprehensive, and integrated approach in the form of integrated programmes.

Conclusion: Everyone involved in pandemic preparedness and management, particularly frontline personnel, deserves credit for their tremendous efforts. Fractioned approaches continue to emerge from various evaluations' best practises and lessons learned, and they certainly suggest a mindset shift away from the concept that insufficient structures and processes may serve as a strong basis. Identifying gaps isn't enough anymore. Pandemic preparedness is suggested to be an element of systems theory, namely the concept of social transformation 2.0.

Author (S) Details

Erika Wichro

Peacebuilding and Partners Sarl, Switzerland.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/IDHR-V5/article/view/3974

Evaluation of Microbial Load in Fast Food Establishments in Kaduna Metropolis: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study | Chapter 6 | Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 5

Fast food outlets and food vendors or street hawkers in Nigeria are among the many food manufacturing and dispensing establishments that have sprung up as a result of the growing human population. The indiscriminate actions of fast food restaurants are frequently linked to food illness in poor nations, particularly Nigeria. This situation could be the result of these countries' inadequate food safety and cleanliness standards. As a result, a substantial amount of food is produced and supplied in an unfit state when it reaches the consumer. Food contamination could be caused by a variety of microbiological infections, chemicals, or other factors. and parasites that can enter the food chain at various points along the food preparation and production process. The microbiological load in some selected fast food businesses in Kaduna Metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria, was assessed in this study. The study was led by five research objectives and questions. 174 fast-food restaurants were chosen for a descriptive cross-sectional study utilising a multistage sampling technique. Personal hygiene practises were evaluated, as well as the use of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) principles during food processing. The samples for bacteriological investigations of 1g of food were analysed in the lab (Tuwon Shinkafa, Tuwon Masara, Stew, Rice, and Bread). The majority of the fast food outlets tested positive for Pseudomonas spp. (50 percent), Salmonella spp. (86.7 percent), Shigella dysenteries (68.7%), Escherichia coli (20.0 percent), and Staphylococcus aureus (97.3 percent). The total number of germs found in all of the food samples was 2,659 cfu/g, with Bread having the highest number at 685 cfu/g and Tuwon Masara having the lowest at 629 cfu/g. The study also discovered that the most common bacteria in the samples is Staphylococcus aureus, which has 700 cfu/g, followed by Salmonella, which has 629 cfu/g. As a result, the most common germs found in food samples are due to inadequate personal hygiene, ambient sanitation, and overall cleanliness of dining utensils, as noted during the study. In the Kaduna metropolitan, it is advised that food handlers receive greater health education on personal cleanliness and HACCP application.

Author (S) Details

Suleiman Usman

Department of Environmental Health Science, Shehu Idris College of Health Sciences and Technology, Makarfi, Kaduna, Nigeria.

Opasola O. Afolabi

School of Allied Health and Environmental Science, College of Pure and Allied Science, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria.

Lateefat H. Modupe

School of Allied Health and Environmental Science, College of Pure and Allied Science, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/IDHR-V5/article/view/3968

Study on Addressing Shortages of Doctors through Department of Health Bursaries in Selected University of Kwa Zulu Natal Province, South Africa | Chapter 5 | Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 5

In order to alleviate the shortage of medical practitioners in South Africa, the Province of KwaZulu Natal's Department of Health implemented a policy to grant bursaries to medical students in order to increase medical practitioner recruitment and retention. Students who complete this programme will be required to perform community service for the department. The goal of the current study is to see if the existing scholarship giving process contributes to bursary recipients' happiness and loyalty to the Department of Health. It will investigate if the practise of giving bursaries to medical students has an impact on students' commitment to the department. other than a legal obligation that is enforced by a contractual agreement, upon completion This study used a quantitative research approach. The majority of participants were satisfied with the guidance provided when filling out bursary forms, the response to their application, being able to attend their preferred university, and the monetary worth of the bursary, according to the data. However, it was noticed that information about bursaries is not widely distributed in some districts. Furthermore, Some students did not comprehend the bursary contract and were ignorant of the ramifications of breaching it. Finally, the majority of participants mentioned that they are not given the opportunity to submit feedback on their experience with the bursary programme.

Author (S) Details

Bongani Innocent Dlamini

Durban University of Technology, South Africa.

Luther-King Junior Zogli

Durban University of Technology, South Africa.

Mthembeni Mthethwa

Department of Health, KZN, South Africa.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/IDHR-V5/article/view/3967

Study on the Role of Nurse Administrator in Healthcare Services and Built Environment in Southern Nigeria | Chapter 3 | Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 5

A capstone project was The Role of the Nurse Administrator in Healthcare Services and Healthcare Built Environment in Southern Nigeria. Public Health Nursing Management, Research and Nursing Research, and Administration and Management in Nursing were all used to create the theme. A federal government organisation developed a health facility to enhance mother and child health for its host community in Rivers State, Southern Nigeria, as part of its corporate social responsibility. The Obstetrician hired before to the inauguration ceremony in 2018 was to confirm the architectural design. He was accompanied by a nurse, however. The first-stage labour room, sluice room, treatment room, examination room, nurses' station, and toilet were all left out. This sparked the idea for the project's name. The study's goals were to determine the function of the nurse administrator in Southern Nigeria's healthcare services and built environment, raise awareness of this role among nurses on the front lines, and influence evidence-based healthcare built environment decisions. This will increase patient and healthcare provider safety, as well as patient clinical outcomes and nursing staff job satisfaction. The research was both descriptive and observational in nature. It was undertaken for a cross-section of nurses in the clinical, educational, and administrative fields in three states in Southern Nigeria using self-structured questions and a telephone interview method. There were 35 people who responded to the survey (35). Medical doctors 3 (8.6%), Civil Engineer 1 (2.9%), and Architect 1 (2.9%) are all males. Nurses 30 (85.7%) – (28 (93%) females and 2 (6.7%) males), Medical doctors 3 (8.6%), Civil Engineer 1 (2.9%), and Architect 1 (2.9%) are all males. According to data collected for healthcare built environment features, 46.4 percent of facilities lack a dedicated nurses' bathroom, 39.2 percent lack a cloakroom, 21.4 percent share a toilet with patients, and 28.6 percent lack a nurses' station. Only 10.7% of respondents were satisfied with the purpose-built healthcare environment, and remarked how it had a beneficial impact on them. Nurse Administrators represented nurses at meetings, 10.7% were involved in decision making, 3.6 percent contributed to healthcare built environment design, and 6.7 percent influenced built environment planning design. The importance of the built environment in healthcare has been undervalued, resulting in the poor design of most healthcare buildings. The study also discovered a strong correlation between the design of hospital spaces and patient, employee, and family outcomes. As a result, there is a need to raise awareness and incorporate nurse administrators and clinical nurses as frontline workers to guarantee that their views are heard when it comes to influencing decision-making among other professionals in the healthcare built environment. This will improve workflow operations, the work environment, and the safety and outcomes of patients and providers.

Author (S) Details

Gloria Tonye Dikibo

Texila American University (TAU), Tamilnadu, India.

View Book :- stm.bookpi.org/IDHR-V5/article/view/3965

A Study on Hypertension in Pregnancy | Chapter 4 | Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 5

Pre-eclampsia and Eclampsia are referred to as "Hypertensive Disorder of Pregnancy" and "Pregnancy Toxaemia." Pre-eclampsia is a medical disease that causes a pregnant woman's blood pressure to rise and her urine to include substantial levels of protein. If left untreated, it can progress to eclampsia, a life-threatening condition that occurs when seizers occur during pregnancy. Hypertension is a primary cause of maternal and foetal morbidity, complicating 5% to 7% of all pregnancies. This is especially true when the raised blood pressure (BP) is due to pre-eclampsia, either alone (pure) or in combination with chronic vascular disease. Pre-eclampsia is a leading cause of preterm birth and a predictor of future cardiovascular and metabolic illnesses, whereas preterm delivery is connected to immediate neonatal morbidity and distant cardiovascular and metabolic disease in the newborn.

Author (S) Details

S. Muthukumar

Department of Pharmaceutics, KMCH College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.

R. Gayathri

Department of Pharmaceutics, Karpagam College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.

A. Abarnadevika

Department of Pharmacology, KMCH College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.

S. Shalini

Department of Pharmacy Practice, KMCH College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.

Vinesha Ravi

Department of Pharmaceutics, KMCH College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/IDHR-V5/article/view/3966

Inherited and Acquired Thrombophilia and Infertility | Chapter 2 | Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 5

Implantation failure continues to be a significant problem in human reproduction. Furthermore, it is beneficial to avoid add-ons for these individuals that are not supported by scientific evidence. In some situations, thrombophilic variables play a role, but the evidence is still inconclusive. Protein C and anticardiolipin antibody are more common in infertile women, according to our findings. In cases of repeated implantation failure, an investigation of acquired and inherited thrombophilia should be considered. Prospective population studies, on the other hand, are required to confirm the findings reported.

Author (S) Details

Adriana de Góes Soligo

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Campinas Medical School, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.

Ricardo Barini

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Campinas Medical School, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.

View Book :- stm.bookpi.org/IDHR-V5/article/view/3964

Association of Oral Pre-Malignant Lesions with the Consumption of Tobacco: A Cross-sectional Observational Study | Chapter 1 | Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 5

Background: Tobacco usage is a global public health issue. It can be ingested in a variety of methods, including chewing and/or smoking. It can induce a range of oral pre-malignant lesions in addition to different malignancies (OPML). Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), tobacco pouch keratosis (TPK), leukoplakia, erythroplakia, and smoker's palate are examples of these conditions. The major goal of this study was to establish the prevalence of tobacco use among workers who were at high risk of tobacco use and addiction, as well as the relationship between tobacco use and oral pre-malignant lesions.

From March to October 2014, a cross-sectional observational study of workers in four distinct sectors in Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar was conducted. Females made up 28 (3 percent) of the 909 workers polled on their present or previous cigarette use. The purpose of the oral examination was to discover pre-malignant lesions. The findings in the oral cavity were assessed based on tobacco use, and statistical analysis was used to determine the significance of the found links between tobacco use and lesions.

Males accounted for 881 of the 909 participants. Only one of the 28 females had previously chewed tobacco. Only males were included in additional analyses to eliminate gender bias. 537 (60.9 percent) of the 881 male workers used tobacco, with 360 (40.9 percent) using smokeless tobacco (SLT) and 141 (16 percent) smoking. OPML were found in 52 percent of those who had been exposed to tobacco by smoking or chewing, compared to 2.6 percent of those who had not been exposed. [40.58 (20.37 – 80.87) odds ratio] Even after quitting for 6 months, the chances of having OPML remained high. [17.70 (8.25-38.01)]; [17.70 (8.25-38.01); [17.70 (8. However, in these former customers, the danger was lowered by 56 percent [Odds ratio 0.44 (0.28-0.67)]. Oral lesions were found in 43 percent of the 360 tobacco chewers, compared to only 2.6 percent of individuals without an addiction. [Ratio of odds: 28.14 (14.05 – 56.34)]. Smoker's palate was found in 23 percent of current smokers, but not in non-addicted workers.

Conclusion: Tobacco usage, in any form, is harmful and leads to a variety of oral premalignant lesions. Exposure to betel quid has a more detrimental effect that goes unreported. Even though tobacco use has a long-term effect, quitting can reduce the risk of developing OPML significantly. Different types of lesions should be made more aware of, and specific efforts should be followed for early identification and treatment.

Author (S) Details

Chinmay Jani

Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Arpita Joshi

Department of Internal Medicine, Mount- Sinai Elmhurst, New York City, USA.

Kushboo Jain

Department of Radiation Oncology, Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.

Kanisha Mittal

School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.

Harshal Jadav

Department of Radiology, M P Shah Medical College, Jamnagar, India.

Divyesh Jetpariya

Department of Orthopedics, C U Shah Medical College, Surendranagar, India.

Omar Al Omari

Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Harpreet Singh

Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.

Umit Tapan

Department of Hematology Oncology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA

D. V. Bala

Department of Community Medicine, Smt NHL Municipal Medical College, Ahmedabad, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/IDHR-V5/article/view/3963

Determining the Major Policy Issues Regarding the Smart Schooling System Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process Method | Chapter 1 | Current Topics on Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 11

Korea is one of the world's top countries in promoting education using ICT and smart school practises. This paper aims to identify the determinants affecting the success of the smart schooling system in Korea, prioritise the indicators necessary for the smart schooling system in terms of weight, and provide policy implications for policymakers and practitioners involved in smart school and education policy using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Teacher dedication has the highest weight score, followed by attitudes toward e-learning and IT, indicating that the individual involved in the smart schooling system's actions should be seen as more important than any other factor.

Author (S) Details

Young-Chool Choi

Chungbuk National University, Korea.

Ji-Hye Lee

Seowon University, Korea

Hye-Jeung Lee

Hannam University, Korea.

View Book :- stm.bookpi.org/CTMCS-V11/article/view/3975

Fixed Points Theorem of a Countable Family of I-Nonexpansive Multivalued Mappings of Modified Iteration in Banach Spaces | Chapter 2 | Current Topics on Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 11

In this chapter, I provide a modified Ishikawa iteration for a countable family of multi-valued Mappings under the SC- and Condition constraints (A). The optimum approximation operator for the modified Ishikawa iteration in Banach spaces to attain weak and strong convergence. The challenge of identifying a common fixed point for a countable family of I-Nonexpansive multi-valued mappings yielded the following main results.

Author (S) Details

Poonam Lata Prabhakar

Samrat Ashok Technological Institute, Vidisha, India.

View Book :- stm.bookpi.org/CTMCS-V11/article/view/3976

Study of Efficient Scalar Multiplication over Elliptic Curve | Chapter 3 | Current Topics on Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 11

The process of repeatedly adding a point on a curve to itself is known as elliptic curve scalar multiplication [1]. In recent years, many cryptography researchers have been drawn to research on scalar multiplication over elliptic curves (EC) over finite fields to explore how elliptic curves cryptography (ECC) may be implemented and how to reduce its complexity [2]. The most efficient ways employed in Elliptic curve cryptography include elliptic curve scalar multiplication using the point-halving algorithm [3], then the double-base (DB) chain algorithm, and finally step multi-base representation (SMBR), however each technique has its own set of limitations. As a result, developing a novel approach that can be used to properly install ECC while simultaneously reducing its complexity is crucial. The Treble algorithm, which is a new approach, is introduced in the study for affine coordinates. To make the binary idea or double and add operation more efficient, we used the treble technique, which refers to the use of all input values in producing any form of output, including how much time and energy is required. The results show that our contribution can greatly improve EC scalar multiplication. Cryptography's Elliptic Curve Scalar Multiplication is a fascinating topic.

Author (S) Details

Deepika Kamboj

MBM Engineering College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.

Shivani Sharma

P.C.S Officer under Government of Uttar Pradesh, India.

View Book :- stm.bookpi.org/CTMCS-V11/article/view/3977

Investigating the Factors Influencing the Sustainability of Social Enterprises in Korea | Chapter 4 | Current Topics on Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 11

 The unemployment rate in Korea is not improving, the income gap between affluent and poor is rising, and a big number of young university graduates remain unemployed (the employment rate is approximately 58 percent as of 2014). The demands of ordinary people for more jobs and social benefits are growing increasingly outspoken and serious. In this setting, social businesses have evolved in Korea as a means of tackling unemployment, particularly among disadvantaged social groups, and increasing the supply of social services. Since the passage of the Social Enterprise Promotion Act in 2007, the number of social companies has continuously increased, with a total of 1251 in December 2014. However, detractors have questioned the viability of social enterprises, stating that once the perks and government subsidies they receive as certified businesses expire, they fail to continue running or diminish in size. The goal of this research is to look at the factors that determine the long-term viability of social enterprises in Korea, as well as to provide theoretical and policy implications on how to increase viability.

Author (S) Details

Young-Chool Choi

Department of Public Administration, Chungbuk National University, Korea.

Ji-Hyun Jang

College of Liberal Arts, Sangmyung University, Korea.

View Book :- stm.bookpi.org/CTMCS-V11/article/view/3978

Determination of Text Summary Using Morphological Filtering of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Hypergraph | Chapter 5 | Current Topics on Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 11

For many years, text summarization has piqued people's interest. It refers to condensing a document's text without losing any information. Many abstractive and extractive strategies for constructing summaries have been developed by researchers in the field of natural language processing. Extractive summaries select relevant sentences, but abstractive summaries modify the sentences and create a modified compact form. This work employs a unique extraction method that models the document as an Intuitionistic Fuzzy Hypergraph (IFHG). The work's major goals are to transform a document into an IFHG, perform morphological operations on it, and build a summary filter. This is the first study to use morphological procedures on an IFHG modelled on a text. When compared to previous machine-generated summaries, the approach produced a summary that is practically identical to a human-generated summary and exhibited higher accuracy. An attempt is also made to apply the skelton procedure to a text hypergraph.

Author (S) Details

Dhanya Prabhasadanam Mohanan

Department of Computer Science, RSET, Kochi, India.

Sreekumar Ananda Rao

Department of Computer Applications, CUSAT, Kochi, India.

Jathavedan Madambi

Department of Computer Applications, CUSAT, Kochi, India.

Ramkumar Padinjarepizharath Balakrishna

Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, RSET, Kochi, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CTMCS-V11/article/view/3979

Study on Statistical Inference in Contraception | Chapter 7 | Current Topics on Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 11

A comprehensive statistical model for the correct evaluation of contraception effectiveness is developed with two goals in mind: first, to help statisticians better understand the general subject of inference by using an interesting specific example, and second, to assist clinical practitioners when dealing with human contraception. The pregnant woman rate and the pregnancy rate are defined and computed using the chance of a woman conceiving in a single cycle while taking some form of contraception. This is used to estimate the values of these rates from experimental trials, taking into account the number of followed women and the length of time they are followed for, as well as the types of events that may be counted in the trials, such as pregnant women or pregnancies. Computing pregnancies, on the other hand, can bias trial results because conceiving women, who are supposedly at a higher risk of pregnancy, should be replaced in the sample with new ones, whereas computing pregnant women allows for more objectivity because those pregnant women stay in the sample until the trial ends. As a result, the investigation yielded a more realistic efficacy rate.

Author (S) Details

José Maria Minguez

Dpto. Física Aplicada II, Universidad de Bilbao, Spain.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CTMCS-V11/article/view/3981

The Klein Four-Group: A Brief Mathematical Approach| Chapter 6 | Current Topics on Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 11

We discuss different approaches to presenting the well-known Klein four-group.

Author (S) Details

Volker W. Thürey

Independent Researcher, Bremen, Germany.

View Book :- stm.bookpi.org/CTMCS-V11/article/view/3980

Two State of Art Image Segmentation Approaches | Chapter 8 | Current Topics on Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 11

The fundamental purpose of this research is to use only a few general features of real-world objects to define object borders in outside scenes of images. In this scenario, segmentation and recognition should be handled as an interleaving technique rather than being separated. The purpose of this research is to provide an adaptive global clustering algorithm that can detect non-accidental structural relationships between the constituent parts of structured objects with multiple constituent parts. Background components such as the sky, tree, and ground are likewise distinguished using colour and texture information. This method sorts things into groups based on their attributes, and it doesn't require any prior knowledge of the items. The proposed method beat two state-of-the-art image segmentation approaches on two tough outside databases and in distinct outside natural scene situations, enhancing segmentation quality. Using this clustering approach, it is possible to avoid considerable reflection and excessive segmentation. The goal of this project is to improve performance and backdrop recognition capabilities.

Author (S) Details

P. Jenopaul

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Adi Shankara Institute of Engineering and Technology, Kalady, Kerala, India.

Ranjeesh R. Chandran

Department of Robotics and Automation, Adi Shankara Institute of Engineering and Technology, Kalady, Kerala, India.

H. Shihabudeen

Department of Electronics and communication Engineering, College of Engineering Kidangoor, Kerala, India.

P. Anitha

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Adi Shankara Institute of Engineering and Technology, Kalady, Kerala, India.

Anna Baby

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Adi Shankara Institute of Engineering and Technology, Kalady, Kerala, India.

View Book :- stm.bookpi.org/CTMCS-V11/article/view/3982

Study on Optimization of three Way Merging Algorithm for Mobile Users| Chapter 9 | Current Topics on Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 11

Mobile Computing is a new paradigm that aims to provide users with persistent network connectivity no matter where they are. Computer networking broke down the physical barriers between computers, allowing users on one computer to access resources on another. This cleared the way for distributed computing, which involves a number of connected computers cooperating to accomplish a common purpose. However, the access points to such a dispersed system were still tethered machines, limiting a user's ability to move around while using it. Mobile computing broadens dispersed computing by allowing users to access a system's services independent of their location or, more importantly, when their location changes. To take use of distributed system services, you no longer need to be connected to a cable-based, static infrastructure. In a distributed system with mobile hosts, a cable infrastructure of static hosts (representing a typical distributed system) connects areas of wireless coverage ('cells') to mobile computers.

Author (S) Details

K. P. Yadav

Department of Computer Science & Engineering, IIMT College of Engineering, G. Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Rakesh Kumar Yadav

Department of Computer Science & Information Technology, Singhania University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India.

Anoop Sharma

Department of Computer Science & Information Technology, Singhania University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India.

View Book :- stm.bookpi.org/CTMCS-V11/article/view/3983

Hankel Type Convolution and Boundedness of Product of Pseudo Differential Type Operators | Chapter 10 | Current Topics on Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 11

In this work, the Hankel type transform is used to create two symbols, as well as the pseudo-differential type operators M(x,D) and N(x,D) associated with the Bessel type operator, which are described by equation (2.1) in terms of these symbols. M(x,D) and N(x,D) are combined to form a new product. There is also a Sobolev type space established. In a specific Sobolev type space associated with the Hankel type transform, the pseudo-differential type operators M(x,D), N(x,D), and the product of pseudo-differential type operators are shown to be bounded. Finally, certain unusual cases are looked into.

Author (S) Details

B. B. Waphare

MAEER’s MIT Arts Commerce & Science College, Alandi, Pune-412105, India.

View Book :- stm.bookpi.org/CTMCS-V11/article/view/3984

Study on Weakness Analysis Learning Mathematics Junior High School in Medan | Chapter 11 | Current Topics on Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 11

Mathematics is an organised and deductive object of study that includes an abstract form of facts, concepts, principles, and procedures, and is based on agreement, deductive thinking patterns, having an empty symbol of sense, and paying attention to the universe of discourse. Mathematics includes a vocabulary and well-defined principles, as well as clear and methodical reasoning, as well as a solid structure and interconnections between concepts. Math is a symbolic language that must be interpreted as a representation of statements. Deductive reasoning, which operates on the basis of assumptions and has a consistent truth, is one of the most important aspects of mathematical activity. As a result, mathematics is known as a deductive science, meaning that it begins with undefined elements, axioms / postulates, and ends with the theorem. Math is the fruit of human thought that the truth of a general nature which does not rely on the scientific method that contains the inductive process,Mathematics is the fruit of human thought that the truth of a general nature which does not rely on the scientific method that contains the inductive process,Mathematics is the fruit of human thought that the truth of a general nature which does not rely on the scientific method that contains the inductive process,Mathematics is Mathematics is an important auxiliary science that is beneficial in everyday life as well as in aiding human resource development and scientific and technological growth. From elementary school to college, formal mathematics is taught. As a result, classroom mathematics instruction should be efficient and of high quality.

Author (S) Details

. Hasratuddin

Department of Mathematics, Medan State University, Indonesia.

View Book :- stm.bookpi.org/CTMCS-V11/article/view/3985

Development of Bayesian Single Sampling Plan Involving Risk Minimization through Minimum Angle Method | Chapter 12 | Current Topics on Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 11

This chapter provides a strategy and tables for a Bayesian single sample plan based on the Gamma-Zero Inflated Poisson distribution with the minimum angle method to reduce producer and consumer risk for specified acceptance and restricting quality levels. Every manufacturing industry has been using technological improvements to detect and correct product flaws in the early stages of production in recent years. Using such technology, it is feasible to reduce the amount of defective items early on. As a result, non-defects would appear more frequently during the sampling inspection. Random oscillations in the manufacturing process, on the other hand, may cause certain goods to be defective. In this scenario, a Gamma-Zero Inflated Poisson (G-ZIP) distribution is the proper probability distribution for the number of faults. To obtain the minimal angle values for the suggested sampling plan, the best plan parameters are presented, which are shown with appropriate examples. To make quality control engineers' jobs easier, necessary tables are built.

Author (S) Details

V. Kaviyarasu

Department of Statistics, Bharathiar University Coimbatore-46, Tamilnadu, India.

P. Sivakumar

Department of Statistics, Bharathiar University Coimbatore-46, Tamilnadu, India.

View Book :- stm.bookpi.org/CTMCS-V11/article/view/3986

 

Influence of Information Sources on Farmers’ Knowledge of Poultry Drugs in Delta State, Nigeria: Implications for Rural Community DevelopmentManagement | Chapter 11 | Current Topics in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 1

The study looked at poultry farmers' institutional characteristics, their access to information sources, and their awareness and understanding of poultry medications. In order to make deductions, it determined the relationships between variables. With the help of a standardised interview schedule and questionnaire, a multi-stage sampling approach was employed to choose 100 poultry farmers. The data was analysed using frequency counts, percentages, mean, and Chi-square. The majority of the respondents (67%) had never led a group, whereas 62 percent had contact with extension agents and were members of poultry drug groups, according to the findings. It was discovered that 60% of farmers were aware of avian charge and had access to it, whereas 48.8% had access to happy hen treat medication. Petamine (45.0%) and tricero (45.0%) are two others (32.5 percent ). Only neighbour (mean = 2.58) recorded a high level of accessibility among the farmers among the numerous information sources identified, implying that the rate of development of the chicken enterprise in such a community will be slow. Campaign (r = 0.762), exhibition (r = 0.528), and workshop/seminar (r = 2.607) were the only information sources that significantly linked with awareness of poultry medications at the 0.01 significant level. Farmers should be exposed to different information sources that will aid community development, according to the conclusions of the study.

Author (S) Details

D. U. Okoedo-Okojie

Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension Services, University Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.

J. I. Osabuohien

Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension Services, University Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CTAS-V1/article/view/4018

Studies on Organoclay-Based Additive for Paintwork Materials | Chapter 15 | New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 4

An organo-mineral additive based on clay with a high concentration of montmorillonite is described in detail. Given the scarcity of bentonite clay, organic additions on multimineral clays with a high montmorillonite content have been employed. The fluctuation in surface tension of the plasticizer solution determines the plasticizer concentration. The use of organoclay in the composition of polystyrene paint is demonstrated. The qualities of organoclay-modified polystyrene paints and coatings based on them are compared.

 

Author (S) Details

V. I. Loganina
The Penza State University of Architecture and Construction, 440028, Penza, Street Herman Titov, 28, Russia.

N. A. Petukhova
The Penza State University of Architecture and Construction, 440028, Penza, Street Herman Titov, 28, Russia.

Y. P. Skachkov
The Penza State University of Architecture and Construction, 440028, Penza, Street Herman Titov, 28, Russia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVST-V4/article/view/4004

The History of Plasma Display Reflected by Patents: An Advanced Study | Chapter 14 | New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 4

This paper provides a historical overview of television's growth as well as a timeline of the progression of plasma's use in television. The concept of a plasma television, as provided here, appears to be more of a research hypothesis than a technical solution that can be realised using the manuscript concept.

The first innovators who advocated the use of plasma are given, together with anticipated solutions and patents for a plasma display panel - PDP.

Also presented is the first attempt to create an extremely flat display using a modified cathode tube. However, technological limitations prevented its widespread use on television. The solutions that determined the implementation of specific TV screens are also discussed, as well as their applications in other domains of electronics. A pioneering device from the 1960s is also mentioned, which laid the groundwork for future TV screens. In the 1970s, it was the most appropriate technological solution for the production of the first thin screens, a solution that lasted even after the introduction of LCD and LED systems

The study's goals are as follows:

With a timeline of innovators' flat-screen research

- connecting these inventions with the development of a plasma-based flat-screen television,

- recognising research projects that, through their vision, prioritised innovation and produced ground-breaking inventions.

 

Author (S) Details

Octavian Baltag
Univ. of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, Terraflux Control Ltd., Romania.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVST-V4/article/view/4003

Study on Introducing Biometric Fingerprint Authentication in Automated Student Attendance System | Chapter 13 | New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 4

This research aims to incorporate biometric fingerprint authentication into an automated student attendance system that uses individual fingerprint minutiae features to effectively manage students' attendance at Bangladesh's Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University's Computer Science and Engineering department. After the student's biometric fingerprint enrolment and authentication, attendance was recorded in this study. Using minutiae features, an authentication system based on fingerprint recognition was created for automatic student identification. Fingerprint minutiae features are thought to be the best and quickest biometric identification method. These minor details are more secure to utilise and are unique to each individual and do not alter over time. Although fingerprint identification is a mature field today, identifying individuals from a pool of enrolled fingerprints is a lengthy procedure. As a result, it's critical to increase fingerprint recognition accuracy and scale it up to big databases (e.g., an institute or organization). The fingerprint minutiae-based technique was employed to create the authentication system in this study. The suggested fingerprint recognition-based automated attendance system was tested on a set of student fingerprint datasets. It was successful in capturing the attendance of students from the Department of Computer Science and Engineering. The proposed system was created with the C# programming language.

 

Author (S) Details

Md. Mijanur Rahman
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Bangladesh.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVST-V4/article/view/4002

Study on Aging Adult Fitness Center Service Quality: A Conceptual Framework | Chapter 12 | New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 4

The purpose of this article is to investigate how the service quality of a fitness centre is influenced by ageing adults. The quality of fitness centre service was shown to be influenced by five factors: employees or working staff, activities or programmes supplied by the facilities, locker room conditions, physical and workout environment. The findings will be used by researchers to undertake additional research on the fitness centre and the necessity to provide high-quality service to ageing seniors. The findings can be used to help ageing adult fitness centre owners enhance their service quality, as well as business owners who want to recruit ageing adults as consumers. This study finds and examines the fact that fitness centres, as one type of venue where people go to exercise, are open to everyone, including older seniors.

 

Author (S) Details

Norina Ahmad Jamil
Fakulti Pengurusan Perniagaan, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, Malaysia.

Irwan Ibrahim
Malaysia Institute of Transport, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.

Afizan Amer
Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVST-V4/article/view/4001

Interpreting the Cumulative Frequency Distribution of Socio-Economic Data: A Recent Study | Chapter 11 | New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 4

This study delves deeper into the meaning of socio-economic frequency distributions, especially in their aggregated form, known as an OGIVE [1]. Because statisticians have been obsessed with "significance" for the previous century, statistical methods in the social sciences have received little attention [2]. The first section of this study, which examines the asymmetric structure of socioeconomic frequency distributions, may surprise statisticians in the medical and bio-science sectors. Traditional measurements designed for symmetric distributions do not apply to socioeconomic data. The Ogive, a cumulative version of the same frequency data, is the subject of the second portion of this research. The Ogive is only mentioned in statistics textbooks as a curiosity, with instructions on how to make one. Yet its significance, interpretation, and contribution to a better understanding of the underlying socioeconomic condition are never emphasised. This research looks at ways to extract aspects of the frequency distribution from an Ogive that would otherwise go unnoticed.

 

 

Author (S) Details

Othmar W. Winkler
Georgetown University, USA.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVST-V4/article/view/4000

Study on Identifying the Cattle Diseases Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques | Chapter 10 | New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 4

Livestock is one of India's most important industries. There are 56.7 percent buffaloes, 12.5 percent cattle, 20.4 percent small ruminants, 2.4 percent camels, 1.4 percent equestrian, 1.5 percent pigs, and 3.1 percent poultry in the country. The average production of milk or meat from animals in the United States is 20-60% lower than the global average. Due to a lack of breeding, feeding, health, and management concerns, their output potential is not fully realised. Also, infections such as Brucellosis, Swine Fever, and others affect the animals. There is insufficient veterinarian support for this. This research focuses on applying Artificial and Machine Learning techniques to identify these diseases in cattle. Four important diseases are discussed in this paper: FMD (Foot and Mouth Disease), HS, BQ (Black Quarter), and Anthrax. A camera-based mobile app is being developed to detect illnesses. To detect, store, and predict the sickness, data science and deep learning technology are applied. Once the data has been analysed, the results can be communicated with clinicians in the area through cell phone. Some drugs could be provided by farmers themselves, based on doctor's advise. As a result, a single doctor may virtually serve a larger number of patients..

 

Author (S) Details

H. S. Anupama
Department of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, BMS Institute of Technology and Management, Bangalore, India.

B. A. Usha
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, BMS Institute of Technology and Management, Bangalore, India.

M. Aishwarya
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, BMS Institute of Technology and Management, Bangalore, India.

View Book https://stm.bookpi.org/NVST-V4/article/view/3999

Study on Utilization of Prosopis juliflora Root Powder as a Self Curing Agent | Chapter 9 | New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 4

Curing is a crucial step in increasing the strength of concrete. A self-curing agent's function is to conserve water and reduce water evaporation from concrete, hence increasing the water retention capacity of concrete when compared to conventionally cured concrete. In this study, Prosopis juliflora root powder is utilised as an additive for self-curing concrete. Due to its mechanism for overcoming harsh situations such as drought and salt, Prosopis juliflora (Seemai Karuvelam in Tamil) grows rapidly and spreads. It can draw water from deeper strata thanks to its deep penetrating roots. Because its root can hold a lot of water, powder formed from it can be used as an additive in self-curing concrete. The experimental analysis of the self-curing property of concrete using Prosopis juliflora root powder is the focus of this work. The tests were carried out on both fresh and hardened concrete. Based on the findings, we concluded that by including Prosopis juliflora root powder as a self-curing agent in the concrete mix at various percentages, the addition of 0.75 percent Prosopis juliflora root powder by the weight of cement achieves the 28-day compressive strength of conventional M25 grade concrete in just seven days. Concrete's compressive strength is reduced by adding more Prosopis juliflora root powder.

 

Author (S) Details

S. Karthikeyan
Department of Civil Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Tamil Nadu, India.

V. Pradeesh
Department of Civil Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Tamil Nadu, India.

D. Prabakaran
Department of Civil Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Tamil Nadu, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVST-V4/article/view/3998

Self-organization Simulation Applied to Migration across a Peaceful Border: A Recent Study | Chapter 8 | New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 4

Migration over a shared boundary between two entities, states, or countries has been studied utilising self-organization using simple dynamic laws. The migrant's journey and final destination are depicted. There were two types of objects in the system. One pair was on the other side of the fence. One side, the right, was thought to be the superior entity. That is, it had a solid administration and a powerful economy. In terms of government and economy, the organisation on the left was significantly different. The things on either side were then split into two groups. Strong and weak were the terms used to describe the two groupings. The powerful symbolise government, the wealthy or elite represent the elite, and the weak represent the common public. The items were first randomly placed in this two-dimensional square-bounded zone before being allowed to interact dynamically for a number of iterations. The attractive or repulsive forces among all of the particles as a group were described and may be modified to investigate the resulting configuration from the dynamics. To see how self-organization pertains to these settings, four experiments were done. In Experiment 1, only the object-to-object forces were active during migration. The concept of employment was introduced in Experiment 2. An unemployed object was given the ability to move faster than an employed object, allowing the unemployed to move more freely. The rate of employment on the right side is significantly higher than on the left. Experiment 3 looked at turning one of the repelling forces into an attractor. Experiment 3 was identical to Experiment 2, with the exception that it went through twice as many iterations. On the right side, Experiment 4 created employment centres. Left-side migrants who came close enough to a centre were given jobs at these centres. If the migrant on the left side got a job in the centre, he or she did not move for the rest of the simulation. There was no incentive for a migrant to stay in Experiments 1 and 2, so the migrant crossed the border back and forth. Experiment 4 assumed that the job provided an incentive for the migrant to stay in one place. As a result, migrant clusters formed around job centres. The clusters that formed were not long-lasting, implying that there was no reason to stay. The goal of this project was to use computer simulation on a group of migrants in order to observe traffic patterns from one side to the other and see if clusters or enclaves formed.

 

Author (S) Details

William J. B. Oldham
Texas Tech University, 3877 Royal Troon Dr., Round Rock, TX. 78664, USA.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVST-V4/article/view/3997

Building a Multidimensional Risk Management Strategy for the Enterprise: An Integrated Approach to Enterprise Risk | Chapter 7 | New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 4

Risk management has been identified as a critical topic for enterprises, not only in terms of analysing and responding to risk, but also in terms of identifying opportunities and adding value to businesses. The traditional approach to risk management is still used by the majority of enterprises today. This strategy is based on stovepipe risk management, in which the focus is mostly on tactical business challenges and does not consider strategic risk sources. Moving to an enterprise risk management (ERM) system is common, although the maturity level varies from one firm to the next. Despite the fact that ERM eliminates many of the shortcomings of traditional risk management methods, it nevertheless has its own set of limitations and obstacles. Various organisations are working to build an enterprise risk management framework since it has been agreed that it plays a significant role in shaping organizational-wide risk strategies and policies in a common governance structure. The perceived silo-based nature of risk management, as well as the integration and communication of key risk functions in a holistic manner, remains a difficulty. The main goal of this paper is to address this significant issue by proposing a multidimensional risk management framework with three key domains: a Business Process-Centric Risk Management System (BPC-RMS), a Risk Dialogue Matrix (RDM) based on Expert rules and Data Mining, and a Risk Management Program (RMP) led by a Risk Management Office. A holistic multidimensional risk management approach considers all of the enterprise's functional areas, identifies all of the risks in each, evaluates their relationships and implications, and ensures that all risk actions are balanced. The proposed framework is intended to expand on risk management standards and best practises. We propose and test a multidimensional framework to integrate these risk management ideas into the enterprise's business process using design science methodology.

 

Author (S) Details

Munir Majdalawieh
Zayed University, College of Technological Innovation, United Arab Emirates..

John Gammack
Zayed University, College of Technological Innovation, United Arab Emirates.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVST-V4/article/view/3996