Examining the Impact of Cocaine Exposed Spermatogonia on the Behaviour and Executive Functions of Naive Offspring: A Nature Vs Nurture Perspective | Chapter 7 | Medical Science: Recent Advances and Applications Vol. 8

 

In recent decades, much of Western society has been plagued by abuse of refined cocaine, which has become a major public health problem, currently impacting over 20 million adults and adolescent youth. In the USA, it currently impacts over 20 million adults and adolescents aged 12 and above, with a similar, alarming prevalence in other global populations. In chronic use, cocaine contributes to dopaminergic euphoria and aberrant behaviour, and may contribute to epigenetic damage to gene expression in unsuspecting offspring. The study aimed to investigate the effect of chronic cocaine use by males on the offspring of naïve females. In order to conduct the study, groups of 60-day old lean LA/Ntul//-cp rats were reared from weaning on standard Purina chow and house water, and administered 0 (Controls), 30 (Low Dose), or 60 (High Dose) mg/kg body weight of cocaine HCL daily for 90±2 days to fully encompass the duration of spermatogenesis. Opiate treated males were then mated with 82±3 day-old normally reared naive virgin females of the same strain that had never previously been exposed to cocaine or to a mating partner. Behavioural activity of each dosage level was assessed by subjecting the offspring post-weaning at 21 days of age with a Stoelting activity wheel and a Calvin Hall open access exploratory field test. In addition, offspring were tested only once, so as to preclude the chronological opportunity for learned behaviour following repeated trials, and to provide support for the contributions of nature vs. nurture in determining the outcome of offspring impacted by preconception opiate exposure. Offspring of pups were found to exhibit dose-related decreases in Stoelting wheel activity, with the greatest decrease at the highest dose administered (p=<0.01). Cocaine treatment resulted in a latency in onset of exploratory activity at both dosage levels, and decreased exploratory activity in both inner squares and outer squares at the low dose group. In contrast, the High Dose group demonstrated an increase in outer square exploration and in the total numbers of squares explored compared to the Low Dose groups or Controls. During the early stages of neurogenesis, epigenetic errors due to chemical or nutritional injury present at fertilisation may survive thereafter and, as occurred in this study, likely impact the behaviour of the offspring later in life. These results suggest that male cocaine exposure during spermatogenesis may result in longstanding dose-related behavioural changes in the offspring of naive females and may predispose them to potential cocaine stimulant-linked behavioural changes upon weaning, adolescence and later stages of life.

 

Author(s) Details

Orien L Tulp
Colleges of Medicine and Graduate Studies, University of Science Arts and Technology, Montserrat and East West College of Natural Medicine, Sarasota FL, USA.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msraa/v8/5878

Communicative Role of Preorbital Gland Openings in Captive Banbakri Antelope (Boselaphus tragocamelus, Pallas 1766) in India | Chapter 5 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 3

The preorbital gland is a paired exocrine gland, appearing as a slit-shaped cavity located anterior to the eye. It is found in many ungulates, particularly in the families Bovidae, Cervidae, and various antelope species.

Scent marking using the preorbital gland in the Banbakri antelope, also known as the white-footed antelope (Boselaphus tragocamelus ), was studied at the Haryana Agriculture Farm, VKS College of Agriculture, Dumraon. This study investigated the behaviour of Banbakri antelopes concerning preorbital gland opening under various conditions, including stress, starvation, and maturity. The research aimed to assess this behaviour as part of a broader investigation into the phenotypic and behavioural characteristics of Banbakri/Nilgai to enhance their well-being and improve resource management. The research is important because it will expand the understanding of this elegant species' behaviour and the functional role of its preorbital gland. Its potential applications in antimicrobial drug development will be explored as well.

The behaviour of male and female Banbakri was observed in captivity. During winter, the Banbakri was kept indoors in a 10x20 feet room. Occasionally, it was released into a large outdoor enclosure during summer, winter, and rainy seasons. The enclosure was surrounded by wire fencing approximately 200 by 150 feet (LxW) and 6 feet in height. The enclosure had a savanna.

In mature Banbakri antelopes, the preorbital glands measured approximately 2.1 cm in length and 1.0 cm in width. These exocrine glands, appearing as trench-like slits of dark blue to black coloration, were located beneath the eyes. Under free-roaming conditions, both male and female B. tragocamelus rarely exhibited preorbital gland opening. However, the gland was observed to open under stress, particularly when the animal was restrained with a halter for the first time, either at night or occasionally during the day. Preorbital gland opening was also noted during maturity, hunger, and stressful conditions. The findings suggest that this behaviour may serve as a key indicator for differentiating between playful, courtship, and aggressive social behaviours, particularly in stressful situations or stages of maturity. Additionally, the gland may secrete pheromonal substances that facilitate olfactory communication.

It can also be said that preorbital gland opening may be an important behavioural indicator of the real maturity of the individual in the sexual context and also in stressful conditions.

To the best of our knowledge, no prior studies have reported the opening of the preorbital gland in Banbakri antelopes (B. tragocamelus). This study presents the first recorded observation of this behaviour in captive white-footed antelopes, contributing novel insights into their behavioural ecology.

Thus, it can be concluded that this gland opens in Banbakri antelopes under stress, starvation, or sexual maturity contexts, and may serve as an essential behavioural indicator. This could help distinguish between playful, courtship, aggressive, social status, and other behaviours to communicate with other members of Banbakri (Boselaphus tragocamelus ).

 

Author (s) Details

Suday Prasad
Veer Kunwar Singh College of Agriculture (Bihar Agricultural University), Dumraon, Bihar, 802136, India.

 

C. S. Prabhakar
Veer Kunwar Singh College of Agriculture (Bihar Agricultural University), Dumraon, Bihar, 802136, India.

 

Amit Kumar
Veer Kunwar Singh College of Agriculture (Bihar Agricultural University), Dumraon, Bihar, 802136, India.

 

Paras Nath
Veer Kunwar Singh College of Agriculture (Bihar Agricultural University), Dumraon, Bihar, 802136, India.

 

Reyaz Ahmad
Veer Kunwar Singh College of Agriculture (Bihar Agricultural University), Dumraon, Bihar, 802136, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v3/5103

Achieving Financial Wellness through Financial Literacy among University Students in Cape Town | Chapter 1 | Economics and Entrepreneurship: The Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Business and Management Dynamics (ICBMD), Edition 1

This study investigated the role of financial literacy in achieving financial wellness among university students in Cape Town, South Africa. Using a post-positivist approach, data was collected through an online survey with 163 respondents. The study examined key components of financial literacy, which included financial knowledge, attitudes, behaviours, and self-efficacy to assess their influence on students’ financial wellness. Findings indicate that while students have a foundational understanding of financial concepts, gaps remain in areas such as debt management, budgeting, and differentiating between needs and wants. These deficiencies contribute to financial stress and may hinder students’ financial well-being. Despite challenges, students remain optimistic about repaying debt after graduation. The study recommends targeted financial literacy interventions, including debt management education, to improve students’ financial outcomes. Additionally, it calls for the integration of financial literacy into university curricula to support long-term financial wellness.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Ian Lyndon Johnson
University of the Western Cape, South Africa.

Chux Gervase Iwu
University of the Western Cape, South Africa.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49238-53-4/CH1

Study about Congolese People Practices towards Insalubrity in Congo | Chapter 1 | Emerging Challenges in Environment and Earth Science Vol. 5

 The purpose of the study was to examine insalubrity practises in the Mombele district of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. For the Kinshasa population, the rise in insalubrity and the deterioration of the ecosystem have assumed alarming and deadly dimensions.

We carried out a quantitative descriptive investigation. However, data from August 15 to October 15, 2020, was obtained using a sample of 384 households.

There is insalubrity almost everywhere. For the respondents, it is demonstrated by a wild landfill (37.8%); rubbish is dumped anywhere (59.4%); the lack of dustbins is the primary cause of this practise (28.3%); and a positive attitude toward insalubrity (52.3%). The level of education, occupational groups, monthly salaries, and the practise of discarding rubbish wherever all varied significantly (p value 0.01). Due to the majority of respondents viewing the practise of dropping trash everywhere as normal, we draw the conclusion that residents of Mombele neighbourhood have minimal fear of insalubrity. This behaviour reveals their disregard for the effects of what they do on the environment and people's health.

Author(s) Details:

Francy Pembi,
Faculty of Science, Department of the Environment, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.

Thomas Kamuanga Palamba,
Tshikapa Higher Pedagogical Institute, Department of Management and Administration of Educational and Training Institutions (GAIF), Tshikapa, Democratic Republic of Congo.

Baudouin Mazyambo Alumbangala,
Faculty of Science, Department of the Environment, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ECEES-V5/article/view/8147

Indonesian Cuscuses (Diprotodontia: Phalangeridae): Status and Perspective | Book Publisher International

 Every year, interest in animal conservation develops, coupled with growing worries about biodiversity loss and increased understanding of the ecosystem, resulting in fresh arguments regarding human-nature connections. Understanding these contemporary concepts of wildlife conservation management necessitates a thorough understanding of wild animal behaviour, demography, and ecosystem dynamics. The influence of interactions between same-type and/or different-type wild animals, their habitats, and interactions with humans on wildlife management includes the influence of interactions between same-type and/or different-type wild animals, their habitats, and interactions with humans to achieve predetermined impacts. It is our intention to use the greatest available research to try to balance the requirements of wildlife and human needs. As a result, wildlife conservation has a very broad scope, including not just animal care and pest management, but also legislation and regulations.

Author(s) Details

Dr. Abinawanto
Prof. Rosichon Ubaidillah, M.Phill.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/ICDPSP/issue/view/606

Study About Leadership for a Suffering Community: A Reading of 1 Peter 5:1-3 in Northern Nigeria Context | Chapter 01 | New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 7

 The text of 1 Peter 5:1-3 is a case study that offers instructions for dealing with leadership circumstances in a suffering Christian community in Northern Nigeria. The goal of this paper is to reach out to these leaders in areas where Christians are suffering as a result of religious disputes generated by the Boko Haram insurgency and Fulani herdsmen who appear to be despotic and selfish, in violation of 1 Peter 5:1-3. The Socio-Historical technique of leadership aids in the dissemination of Peter's ideas to these leaders in order to achieve the improved society that God demanded. The implementation of this paradigm enables Northern Nigerian leaders to decongest the (greedy or selfish) and (domineering or lording over) type of leadership that is gaining traction. The study concluded that leaders must set an example of oversight that is free of hegemony, authoritarianism, and a desire for financial gain. Members should, at the same time, listen to them through submission and humility as a baseline for society's cordiality and tranquilly. As a result, the purpose of this article is to provide church leaders with a greater grasp of 1 Peter 5:1-3's theological message, as well as how it might be applied to a variety of modern political, social, economic, and religious challenges.

Author(S) Details

Davou Mwanvwang Dantoro
Faculty of Theology, St. Paul’s University, Limuru, P.O. Private Bag, Limuru-00217, Kenya.B.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVST-V7/article/view/4405

Study on the Effect of Different Rearing Conditions during Milk Drinking Period on Performance and Behaviour of Dairy Cows in their First Lactation | Chapter 2 | Research Aspects in Agriculture and Veterinary Science Vol. 3

 The researchers wanted to see if the sire lineage and rearing conditions until weaning affected cow growth, milk yield, and maze learning behaviour. 35 Holstein heifers were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: SM, n=13, in hutch from 2nd to 56th day, 6 kg milk replacer daily), then loose housing pen to weaning (they received a maximum of 6 kg milk daily); SN, n=9, after 3 days with own mother in pen with nursing cow (they received a maximum of 6 kg milk daily); H, n=13, in hutch from 2nd to 56th day (6 kg milk replacer daily). All heifers were kept in pens with the same ration to the calving after weaning at the 84th day. Live body weight (LBW) and milk supply were measured every month and every day during lactation. The 5th month of nursing was used to assess maze learning. A General Linear Model ANOVA was used to analyse the data. The LBW in SN (SM 528.211.4 kg, SN 571.715.3 kg, H 533.212.3 kg) tended to be the highest on the 30th day. In terms of lactation, SM had the highest LBW and H had the lowest (SM 612.612.2 kg, SN 623.116.4 kg, H 569.813.2 kg, P0.05). For 305 days of lactation, the SN produced the most milk (SM 7143.9 241.5 kg, SN 7345.1 319.0 kg, H 7146.7 234 kg), whereas the H produced the most FCM (SM 6290.3 203.2 kg, SN 6307.6 268.4 kg, H 6399.3 197.1 kg). Group SN was the first to complete the maze (SM 1141.4120.5 s, SN 810.3160.5 s, H 1120.8118.6 s). The number of vocalisations was considerably different (SM 32.35.7, SN 20.84.4, H 9.92.6, P0.01). The findings suggested that the manner of weaning dairy cows had an impact on their performance and behaviour.

Author(S) Details

Michal Uhrincat
National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Animal Production Nitra, Hlohovecka 2, Luzianky-95141, Slovakia.

Jan Broucek
National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Animal Production Nitra, Hlohovecka 2, Luzianky-95141, Slovakia.

Lucia Macuhova
National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Animal Production Nitra, Hlohovecka 2, Luzianky-95141, Slovakia.

Anton Hanus
National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Animal Production Nitra, Hlohovecka 2, Luzianky-95141, Slovakia.

Peter Kisac
National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Animal Production Nitra, Hlohovecka 2, Luzianky-95141, Slovakia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RAAVS-V3/article/view/4028

Glycoconjugates Study in Surface Secretions of a Fresh Water Edible Catfish, Clarias gariepinus in Response to Clove Oil Anaesthesia: Experimental Investigation | Chapter 4 | New Innovations in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 3

 This histopathology and histochemistry study looks at the effects of clove oil anaesthesia on the gills, dendritic organs, and skin of Clarias gariepinus, a locally available fresh water edible catfish. Clove oil has long been known for its medical properties, and it was/is extensively used as an analgesic and antiseptic. Surface organs in C. gariepinus include the gills, dendritic organs, and skin, which are in direct contact with the surrounding water and hence give a larger surface area of absorption for any xenobiotics, including the clove, and were thus chosen for examination. Clove oil, obtained from the Syzygium aromaticum plant's flower buds, leaves, and stems, has recently been introduced as an effective anaesthetic agent in the fishing industry for a variety of uses. C. gariepinus with a total length of 30 2 cm and a weight of 200 5 g was exposed to clove oil concentrations ranging from 0.07 ml/l to 0.3 ml/l (LOBA CHEM. PVT. LTD, MUMBAI, Minimum assay 85 percent). C. gariepinus displayed erratic swimming, bubbling, rubbing against the side and bottom walls of the glass aquarium, and protrusion of the head above the water surface during clove oil exposures. As their opercular motions cease and their balance is lost, fish, on the other hand, become static and horizontal. Clove oil anaesthesia alters the mucogenic characteristics of all surface organs, leading the surface to exude more Alcian Blue pH 2.5 positive mucus and slime. Wear and tear of the epithelial linings of the gills, destruction of vascular components, blood seeping on the surface of dendritic organs, and lifting of the gill epithelium are all adverse effects of clove oil anaesthesia in C. gariepinus.

Author(S) Details

Ajai Kumar Singh
Post Graduate Department of Zoology, R. K. Talreja College of Arts, Science & Commerce, Ulhasnagar-3 (MS), India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NICB-V3/article/view/4008

Investigating the Cosmeceutical Consumption Behaviour amongst Males in Indian Market-Analysis of Determinants and Influencing Factors | Chapter 8 | Current Strategies in Economics and Management Vol. 7

 The aim of this research was to understand the main determinants of the Indian cosmeceutical market influencing the consumption behaviour of males. The aim of this study is to identify various factors influencing the behaviour of male consumption of various types of male cosmeceutical products on the Indian market. In select states around Delhi, the emphasis has been given to males in the age group of 15-50 years. The emphasis is on the perception and predisposition of males to the types of cosmeceutical items. Different questions related to the use of male cosmeceutical products and are still to be answered. In order to find the answers to such questions, this study focuses on the behaviour of male consumption and more specifically on the factors correlated with their behaviour. The data was obtained from a group of 300 males using a questionnaire. The findings were analysed through version 16 of the SPSS programme by applying various statistical tests. A conceptual model has been built based on the findings, showing different factors and how these factors affect the behaviour of male consumption. The market is full of domestic and foreign brands with various types of products such as ayurvedic products, herbal products and now day-to-day products explicitly intended for men's skin, all of which will contribute to the potential growth of this cosmetics market. Consumers these days prefer cosmetic products of natural origin to synthetic products. Performance, branding and, to some degree, ads play an important role in promoting the use of these cosmetic products by customers.

Author(s) Details

Dr. Abdullah Bin Junaid
Department of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Waquar Ahmed

Department of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Reshma Nasreen

Department of Management, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/300

Behaviour Management Challenges in Pediatric Dentistry | Chapter 6 | Challenges in Disease and Health Research Vol. 2

 

Behaviour management is fundamental to providing effective and efficient dental care to a child
patient. Disruptive behaviour of a child impedes the quality of treatment while increasing the duration
of treatment and the risk of injury to the child. A child’s behavior on dental visit is influenced by
variables like age, parental anxiety, behavior management and procedural techniques followed by the
dentist. However, the unique personality traits and temperament of children have the most significant
impact and largely govern the perception of information and their conduct in the dental environment.
Studies have shown that temperament, as measured by established psychological tools, can be
significantly associated with behavior at a dental visit [1]. The characteristic of shyness and disruptive
behavior in a pre-surgical setting have been found to be interlinked. Impulsion and negative emotions
have also been more commonly found in children with behavior management problems.
Although, the unique needs and oral health care of individuals with special health care needs (SHCN)
is an integral part of the specialty of pediatric dentistry [2], their specialized oral health care is beyond
the scope of this chapter. The chapter deals with understanding and quantifying the behaviour of child
patient, the novel challenges of pediatric dentistry, evidence of behaviour patterns and specific
behaviour guidance for each personality type in children.

Author(s) Details

Dr. Bhanu Lakhani
Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences & Research, Dantika Dental Clinic, India.


View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/260