The benefits and drawbacks of public transportation subsidies are hotly debated. On the one hand, as income levels rise, the proportion of people who use public transportation will decline, while the proportion of people who use private vehicles will rise. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that subsidies play an important role in the service and business of public transportation. However, since such subsidies are not recoverable, he will be required to carry out sustainable urban transportation in the future. Government and private sector partners should work together to develop a comprehensive subsidy programme that is aimed at the right modes and achieves long-term results. This paper is organised to address the question of how efficient government subsidies are in the case of developing countries.
Author (s) DetailsMuhammad Nanang Prayudyanto
University of Ibn Khaldun (UIKA), Bogor, Indonesia.
Muiz Thohir
Greater Jakarta Transport Authority (BPTJ), Indonesia.
Stefan Belka
GIZ German, Germany.
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