In all living species, including Anopheles gambiae, cytochrome P450s are known to be essential for the detoxification and/or activation of xenobiotics such as insecticides. P450s have been implicated in insecticide resistance in An. gambiae in numerous studies. In the African subcontinent, however, little is known about the influence of distribution. The P450 clans, the CYP6 family, the localization and function of An. gambiae CYPs, their insecticide substrates, regional distribution on the African continent, and their role in insecticide resistance are all examined in this paper. CYP6Z3, CYP6Z1, CYP12F2, CYP6P4, CYP6GA1, CYP6Z3 (Yaoundé, Cameroon) have bendiocarb, DDT, and pyrethroids as substrates; CYP314A1 and CYP12F1 (Tanzania and Zanzibar) have DDT as a substrate; CYP32A3, CYP6Z1. Additionally, bendiocarb, DDT plus pyrethroids, and only pyrethroids are substrates for CYP6M2, CYP6P3, and CYP6Z3 (Côte d'Ivoire), CYP6P3, CYP6Z2, and CYP9J5 (Burkina Faso). CYP6P3 has been found to metabolise all available insecticides (DDT, pyrethroid, trans- and cis-permethrin, deltamethrin, and bendiocarb), implying insecticide cross resistance in all three African areas. For successful resistance management, a better understanding of the substrate specificities of various P450s as well as the geographical distribution of insecticide resistance in Africa is needed.
Author (s) DetailsB. R. Mohammed
School of Science, Engineering and Technology, Abertay University, Dundee, DD1 1HG, UK.
S. K. Malang
Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Nigeria.
S. Mailafia
Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Nigeria.
R. I. S. Agbede
Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Nigeria.
R. D. Finn
Department of Biochemistry & Genetics, St George’s International School of Medicine, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
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