The Effects of Postharvest Losses of Rice on the Income of Rice Farmers in Makurdi Local Government Area of Benue State Nigeria| Chapter 7 | Current Perspectives in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 1

 This study inspected the assets of postharvest deficits of succulent grain on payroll of succulent seed growers in Makurdi Local Government Area of Benue State. The study expressly hindered the cause being the reason for postharvest losses of rice and the effect of postharvest losses of tasty seed on the profit of ranchers. The renovation theory was picked as the hypothetic foundation for the study. A sample of 399 edible grain construction workers were tight in Makurdi resorting to the Taro Yamane rule. Information from accused was acquired applying determinable file group procedures. The verdicts from the study discerned that, miscellaneous determinants were being the reason for the postharvest losses of edible seed holding incompetent handle usefulness animal/epidemic attacks, unable depository capabilities, lack of up-to-date televisions, unconcern in listening tasty seed familiar the supply chain and lack of teaching knowledge on postharvest administration of tasty seed. The study further revealed that postharvest disasters of succulent piece affect the pursue of the builders. The study accordingly pressed sensitization of laborers through the appropriate land instrumentalities on postproduction of succulent seed, establishment of reserves for the sustenance of tasty piece, organization of administrative carcass to project stock exchange price of tasty piece, joining growers following agro-gird provisions possible introduce or those at superhighway research institute at an reasonable price, plus laborers to fool cooperative to benefit from land projects attest for individual management.

Author(s) Details:

Emmy Owoicho Okadonye,
Centre for Food Technology and Research (CEFTER), Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria.

Alamveabee Efihraim Idyorough,
Department of Sociology, Federal University of Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.

Ikyoh Aondoaver Lawrence,
Guarantee Trust Bank, Benue State Branch, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPAFS-V1/article/view/8992

Bacteriological Quality, Safety and Anti-microbial Resistance of Microorganisms Isolated from Various Animal Derived Food Products| Chapter 8 | Current Perspectives in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 1

 The present unit illustrated the isolation of microorganisms that harbour miscellaneous food commodity like meat, poultry and seafoods composed from the killing place, butcher shops and local seafood advertise and to determine the antimicrobial opposition pattern of unique pathogens that are being the reason for various fare carried diseases cruel beings. The main obstacle to lowering the likelihood of drug opposition is the wise use of antimicrobial drugs.  A total of forty inexperienced animal brand samples were got from the killing place, butcher shops and local fish display of Visakhapatnam. The study's samples contain inexperienced hen, pork, crab, prawns, and various types of find. A established random sampling planning was used to achieve the study samples. All of the samples were urgently processed utilizing sanctioned microbiological processes. The microorganisms isolation and description were reached by judging semantic properties accompanying staining orders, enlightening traits by isolating and increasing the pathogenic microorganisms in differing discriminating and characteristic culture environments. Antimicrobial susceptibleness experiment was acted by the Kirby -Bauer pattern by following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) flags. EDTA-Disc Potentiation Test and Imipenem-EDTA Double plate collaboration test are used to determine the metallo suspect-lactamase combining of unique microorganisms. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18) trailed by Vibrio species (14) and few isolates concern Enterobacter variety (4).  In the study, the adulthood of the microbiological isolates were multidrug resistant. The isolates from killing place surroundings, slaughterhouses, and cast markets were found to exhibit variable opposition patterns to the medicines secondhand in the current study, containing aminoglycosides, macrolides, β-lactams, cephalosporins, and quinolones, while most of them were still naive to the carbapenem medicine imipenem. Antimicrobial opposition (AMR) hampers the creation and estimate of productive cures. If specific a correlation maybe settled, before the following of antibiotic custom and devouring dossier maybe furthermore working as a proxy sign for the risk of attainable antibiotic fighting (ABR) arising.

Author(s) Details:

Rajani Chowdary Akkina,
Department of Microbiology, Food Science and Technology, GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University) Visakhapatnam-530045, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Payala Vijayalakshmi,
Department of Microbiology, GITAM Institute of Medical sciences and Research, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam-530045, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Indugula Jyothi Padmaja,
Department of Microbiology, GITAM Institute of Medical sciences and Research, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam-530045, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPAFS-V1/article/view/8994

Gamma Irradiation of Mushrooms and its Impact on Bioactive Components| Chapter 9 | Current Perspectives in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 1

 Mushrooms are widely acknowledged as a extreme-digestive food and are acquire celebrity as a working feed. For vegetarians, mushrooms are the only instinctive beginning of vitamin D. Radiation is a novel and hopeful meal transform science. Irradiating mushrooms maybe a cautious and cost-effective habit to increase useful life of product while too guaranteeing clean and sensory kind. Mushrooms are familiar determined meals by way of the ghost of a large amount of nutraceutical elements. These are well acknowledged as basic foodstuff significance to extreme protein, low fat and depressed strength cargos. These are created in mineral such as iron, planet seen at dawn, more as in vitamins like riboflavin, thiamine, ergosterol, niacin, and ascorbic acid. They still hold bioactive elements like subordinate metabolites (terpenoids, acids, alkaloids, sesquiterpenes, polyphenolic compounds, lactones, sterols, ester analogues, vitamins, and metal chelating powers) and polysaccharides usually β-glucans and glycoproteins. Since, the occurrence of biologically alive elements like hepatoprotective, immune-potentiating, antagonistic-tumor, antiviral, hypocholesterolemic powers and everyday antioxidants constructive in lowering aerophilous damages. However, mushrooms remained underutilized, in spite of their off-course basic process and bioactive potential [1,2,3]. Novel unskilled methods are being investigated for the extraction of bioactive materials from tasty mushrooms. Main aims of the study search out see the impact of gamma irradiation, useful life of product and bioactive parts of mushrooms. In the current study reduced measurement of gamma radiation that is, 0.25 and 0.75 kGy was employed for mushrooms. Vitamin-D content was supposed in irradiated mushrooms at 0.75 kGy, was 3.92 μg, at 0.25 kGy was, 1.44μg and 2.77μg non-irradiated mushrooms. Other bioactive elements, in the way that antioxidant action, were raised all the while storage, and irradiated mushrooms employed more source of nourishment C and folic acid than non-irradiated mushrooms. The gamma luminescence from sun or other source process increases the bioavailability of source of nourishment-D, making it a good beginning of vitamin-D while still reaching the useful life of product of the grow quickly. Gamma radiation boosts source of nourishment D levels in mushrooms by converting inside ergosterol to ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2).

Author(s) Details:

Kalyani Bandi,
Division of Food Technology, Department of Home Science, S. V. University, Tirupathi-517502, India.

Manjula Kola,
Division of Food Technology, Department of Home Science, S. V. University, Tirupathi-517502, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPAFS-V1/article/view/8995

Atomic Force Microscopy Characterization of Thin Films: A Review| Chapter 9 | New Frontiers in Physical Science Research Vol. 5

 Metal chalcogenide films have fascinated excellent attention by way of their singular physical, ocular, and energetic characteristics. The obtained films displayed wonderful absorption cooperative, direct band breach and good transparency in the seeable portion. Therefore, these matters maybe used in ocular bows, opto-electronic designs, cosmic containers, radiation detectors, visual modulators and shade resembling such a color detector. In this work, the terrain of the able films was intentional using tiny force microscopy method based on picked article review. The findings marked that the morphologies of the surface forms of thin films change with the dethroning methods and experimental environments.

Author(s) Details:

Ho Soon Min,
Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Putra Nilai, 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NFPSR-V5/article/view/8971

Artificial Intelligence Advances in Emerging Dentistry| Chapter 9 | Current Overview on Science and Technology Research Vol. 10

 By automating repetitious processes, embellishing diagnosis and situation preparation, and providing particularized care, machine intelligence (AI) can completely alter the dentistry manufacturing. One model of AI in dentistry is utilizing machine learning algorithms to call decay of a tooth (decay of a tooth). By preparation a model on a abundant dataset of dental concepts and patient news, the invention can accurately forecast the appearance of decay of a tooth in new inmates and improve allure conduct through feature pick and hyperparameter addition techniques. A imagination form can help dentists appreciate and define the model's predictions. Overall, AI in dentistry can considerably increase patient care characteristic while growing dental procedures' accuracy and influence.

Author(s) Details:

Hannah Alex,
Brooke High School, West Virginia, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/COSTR-V10/article/view/8979

Optimisation Approach and Influence of Composition and Curing Parameters on Algerian Geopolymer Paste Compressive Strength Based on Metakaolin and Slag Local Materials| Chapter 8 | Current Overview on Science and Technology Research Vol. 10

 The soluble base-activated cement has existed proposed as an alternative to Portland cement and has proved good physical, machinelike, and durability features as well as low incidental impacts.This work aims to study the production of Metakaolin/Blast kiln slag (MK/S) located geopolymer. We investigated the influence of metakaolin content, the concentration in the soluble solution, the SiO2/Na2O a hard bony structure in the jaws of vertebrates ratio, the healing temperature, and the curing occasion using a brimming factorial design with two levels to comment how the variation of these limits promotes the modifications on the new and hardened properties of presented geopolymer. Then, we analysed the optimisation of the main parameter effect, the interplays, and the predicted reaction of the generated model using factorial design in mathematical software JMP Trial 16.The limits such as something that chops ratio MR (1.5 - 2), the density of solutionDS (1.3 -1.4) g/cm3, the healing temperature of kiln OT(60- 100)C° and the curing period CT (6- 48)h were considered for each consolidation of MK/S: [(50 % MK / 50%S), ( 80 % MK /20%S ) and ( 100 % MK/ 0 % S)].

Author(s) Details:

Zeghichi Leila,
Civil Engineering Department, University of Biskra, Algeria.

Mehsas boumedienne,
LMMS Laboratory, University of M'sila, Algeria.

Benghazi zied,
Mining Institute, University of Tebessa, Algeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/COSTR-V10/article/view/8907

The Design of a Smart Intelligent Device for Visually Handicapped| Chapter 7 | Current Overview on Science and Technology Research Vol. 10

 The World Health Organisation reports that 4% of the experience’s population is optically impaired and 90% of the visually injured live in depressed-income settings. This paper presents an astute low-cost maneuver to enhance the flexibility of the visually handicapped consumer and track the consumer in real-time. The projected device will assist in the maneuverability of the visually injured with an added feature of crisis communication accompanying a parent device. The instrument makes use of machine intelligence to create a sensor network utilizing an ultrasonic sensor, and a water sensor. The system includes a siren and a vibrator to alert the user of impediments or sensed slippery surfaces, permissive the user in preventing the hazards.  The system incorporates GSM and GPS modules to permit ideas between the device consumer and their caretakers and transmit the relates of the user in the form of a idea message.This device is creative and smart as it updates the visibly impaired caretaker each two hours with welcome/her coordinates. The tool is designed from off-the-shelf and light parts making it light, handy, and handy. Overall, the system aims to provide a cheap and efficient traveling system/ploy which gives a sense of artificial dream by providing real-period environment information about the sketch of static and vital environments about them and tracking in evident-time. The system involves an emergency switch to be used to alert a person or caretaker.

Author(s) Details:

Smita Francis,
Faculty of Engineering, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia.

Sicilia Mutilifa,
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/COSTR-V10/article/view/8907

A Study on Impact of Earnings per Share, Dividend per Share Price Earning Ratio on Behaviour of Share Market Price Movements (Pharma Sector) with Special Reference to NSE| Chapter 6 | Current Overview on Science and Technology Research Vol. 10

 The focus of the investigation search out examine the effect of gain per share, profit per share, and cost-profit distribution. The analysis driven the extent at which point Profit per Share, Profit per Share, and Cost Profit Proportion could be secondhand as crucial explanatory variables for predicting share showcase costs. The study has laid down importance on the impact of profit per share, profit per share, and cost profit proportion on the share price of the trades that were considered for the study. The guess of the quality of determinant relationship has also existed investigated. Various websites were used to take the data for the reasoning. The companies picked for concern are those that are listed and energetically traded accompanying high book on the NSE. The details were fetched from five guests in 1 instance (2011-2020). It is clear that diverse determinants are significantly necessary for different display conditions. The research stresses on the factors that have an affect stock costs.

Author(s) Details:

H. S. Sridhar,
JSS Science and Technology University, JSS Technical Institutions Campus, Mysuru-570006, India.

D. Anupama Sundar,
JSS Science and Technology University, JSS Technical Institutions Campus, Mysuru-570006, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/COSTR-V10/article/view/8906

Lightweight Method for Two-Dimensional Object Registration for Augmented Reality| Chapter 5 | Current Overview on Science and Technology Research Vol. 10

 The purpose concerning this study is to develop an household guidance plan based on augmented real world (AR) that superimposes annotations on an indoor environment (such as, wall surfaces) and everything on devices with restricted computing power to a degree smartphones. Such a method demands a simple algorithm for the object enrollment. For the purpose, this paper proposes a two-dimensional (2D) object enrollment method established perspective distortion adjustment using vanishing points in the scene and a constant vanishing point discovery method. Current vanishing point discovery methods have the question of slight drift of the vanishing point in the videos despite claiming a fixed camera position. The projected method has resolved the problem by employing a burden particle filtering pattern. Recent approaches often engage deep neural networks (DNNs) for the registration and the fixed vanishing point detection, still DNNs require rich possessions for computing such as Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). Since the projected method requires merely two vanishing points for the registration, the plan can be said a inconsequential method. This paper shows that the proposed burden particle permeating method suppresses the where earth meets sky drift better than the conventional moving average means, and that it allows registration of  objects based on the design.

Author(s) Details:

Kazumoto Tanaka,
Kindai University, Japan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/COSTR-V10/article/view/8905

Energy Efficiency and Conservation Practices for Sustainable Development| Chapter 4 | Current Overview on Science and Technology Research Vol. 10

 The way to an optimum energy resolution for sustainable development is through strength efficiency and strength conservation (EEAEC). To attain and claim optimal energy obtainment and use in any home or organization, EE and EC agree. They contribute to reducing strength expenditures, waste, and negative tangible effects without prejudicing the caliber of the work presented. Energy efficiency (EE) refers to the ability to preserve energy while maintaining the alike level of service. It is the ability to use new technology and supplies to perform the same tasks accompanying less energy. Energy conservation (EC) is attained, on the other hand, when you adopt better habits of doing things while utilizing the same amount of applicable energy to produce more valuable work. EC minimizes the need for fuel derived from prehistoric organisms sources. The spin-offs keep result in improved material quality, national and private security, and cost funds, putting EC at the top of the tenable energy portfolio ranking. The purpose of this article search out investigate and demonstrate the mechanics distinctions middle from two points EE and EC, allowing us to create an strength audit checklist applicable to dwellings, commercial, and industrial requests.

Author(s) Details:

O. U. Olughu,
Industrial Research and Development Engineer, Olughu Technologies Engineers, Aba, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/COSTR-V10/article/view/8904

Evaluation on Cybersecurity and Privacy Risks of Healthcare Point-of-Care Systems| Chapter 3 | Current Overview on Science and Technology Research Vol. 10

 Point-of-care arrangements are extensively secondhand in healthcare to react quickly and halt critical fitness issues. As a result, POC systems repeatedly process large amounts of individual health information. Therefore, their cybersecurity and solitude requirements are important, while evaluating those necessities is an important task. In this work, we aim at crafty and reporting the execution of a use case approach to judge cybersecurity and privacy necessities and specifications of POC schemes. Accordingly, we detail a use case approach as part of a absolute healthcare IT infrastructure that includes a Health Information System, unification engines, use servers, web aids, medical ploys, smartphone apps, medical modalities (all dossier simulated) and interplay with parties. Overall, following the use case approach, the results obtained indicate that all the working KPI, non-functional KPI and Societal & Roadmap acquired a positive judgment. Furthermore, the usability occurrence from the participants was positive and the use case writing and the validation gradual plan were highly agreeable with the various daily experience of the partners.

Author(s) Details:

Marc Jofre,
Department of Research and Innovation. Fundació Privada Hospital Asil de Granollers, Granollers – 08402, Barcelona, Spain.

Diana Navarro-Llobet,
Department of Research and Innovation. Fundació Privada Hospital Asil de Granollers, Granollers – 08402, Barcelona, Spain.

Ramon Agulló,
Digital Strategy Direction, Fundació Privada Hospital Asil de Granollers, Granollers – 08402, Barcelona, Spain.

Jordi Puig,
Digital Strategy Direction, Fundació Privada Hospital Asil de Granollers, Granollers – 08402, Barcelona, Spain.

Gustavo Gonzalez-Granadillo,
Atos Research and Innovation, Cybersecurity Laboratory, Spain.

Juan Mora Zamorano,
Instituto de Investigation Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro, Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Spain.

Ramon Romeu,
Digital Strategy Direction, Fundació Privada Hospital Asil de Granollers, Granollers – 08402, Barcelona, Spain.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/COSTR-V10/article/view/8903

Evaluation of Hydraulic Conductivity and Diffusion Coefficient of Unsaturated Soils from Experimental SWRC| Chapter 2 | Current Overview on Science and Technology Research Vol. 10

 Fine unsaturated soils change their water content on account of climatic environments, pipe failure, and other determinants. These changes produce drying-wetting phases that generate decrease-swelling cycles on account of variations in soil influence and water content. Several theoretical models are used to estimate the hydraulic act of soils (hydraulic conductivity and diffusion cooperative) by fitting the SWRC. The fitting model precision depends mostly on the accuracy of the exploratory points of the SWRC and the fitting model. Because of this, it is advisable to simply use the exploratory data from the SWRC to acquire the hydraulic behavior. Therefore, an treasure based on a data table, that uses an interpolation form with variable enlargements, is proposed. The process approximates the experimental SWRC utilizing a polynomial equation generated each branch (drying and moisting). This procedure clarifies the indirect method and avoids wrongs caused for one SWRC fitting process because it does not demand fitting parameters. The results show that the hydraulic behavior of soils maybe predicted exactly with the projected method than with the usual methods.

Author(s) Details:

J. R. Galaviz-González,
Department of Civil Engineering and Topography, University of Guadalajara, 1421 Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán, Guadalajara-44430, Mexico.

J. M. Horta-Rangel,
Graduate Engineering Department, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas s/n, Queretaro, Qro. C.P.-76010, Mexico.

E. Rojas-Gonzalez,
Graduate Engineering Department, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas s/n, Queretaro, Qro. C.P.-76010, Mexico.

M. L. Pérez-Rea,
Graduate Engineering Department, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas s/n, Queretaro, Qro. C.P.-76010, Mexico.

T. Lopez-Lara,
Graduate Engineering Department, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas s/n, Queretaro, Qro. C.P.-76010, Mexico.

J. B. Hernandez-Zaragoza,
Graduate Engineering Department, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas s/n, Queretaro, Qro. C.P.-76010, Mexico.

L. Y. Cabello-Suárez,
Department of Project Engineering, University of Guadalajara, 48 Blvd. José Guadalupe Zuno, Zapopan-45157, Mexico.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/COSTR-V10/article/view/8902

Properties of Bio-Boards Produced from the Mixture of Gigantochloa scortechinii and Themeda arguens as an Alternative to Future Timber| Chapter 1 | Current Overview on Science and Technology Research Vol. 10

 The fabrics from the non-wood wood resources as well as the land resources maybe as an alternative raw material for wood industry. Thus, the characterizations of composite boards from two grass family of Gigantochloa scortechinii and Themeda arguens were examined to develop an environmental bio-composite board. The two species were amassed at their respective ripened ages. They were segregated, cut and chipped into tinier pieces, and mixed at five various ratios. They were later mixed fully and bonded together utilizing 12 % and 14 % Urea-formaldehyde (UF) and hot rushed into composite boards. Hardener and wax were additional at 1% and 3% weights, respectively, all along the mixing process. European standards processes were followed in the board’s development and testing. The boards were tested for tangible, mechanical and warm characterizations by using thermogravimetric analysis. The GT composite boards from 100% G. gigantochloa, and boards at ratio 30:70 (G. scortechini and T. arguens) created the best characterization in agreements of the values in the material, mechanical and thermal traits. The findings plan that ratios and resin details influence the GT composites board properties.

Author(s) Details:

Razak Wahab,
Centre of Excellence in Wood Engineered Products (CeWEP), 96000 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia and University of Technology Sarawak (UTS), 96000 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia.

Rashidah Kamarulzaman,
University of Technology Sarawak (UTS), 96000 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia.

Mohamad Saiful Sulaiman,
Centre of Excellence in Wood Engineered Products (CeWEP), 96000 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia and University of Technology Sarawak (UTS), 96000 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia.

Hashim W. Samsi,
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), 52109 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Sofiyah Mohd Razali,
Centre of Excellence in Wood Engineered Products (CeWEP), 96000 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia and University of Technology Sarawak (UTS), 96000 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia.

Taharah Edin,
University of Technology Sarawak (UTS), 96000 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia.

Nasihah Mokhtar,
Centre of Excellence in Wood Engineered Products (CeWEP), 96000 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia and University of Technology Sarawak (UTS), 96000 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia.

Muhammad Haziq Razak,
Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800 USM Penang, Malaysia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/COSTR-V10/article/view/8901

Internal Carbon of Chemical Molecules Play in Intermolecular Association Favoring Stability| Chapter 6 | Research Aspects in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 5

 Internal element of all bio molecules interactively plays a critical role in friendship and function but little is known in the literature as well. Other parameters like coexistence and so forth needed expected studied thoroughly for continuation and analysis. Best way to handle this new developments wanted to be analyzed being the reason for research where in chemicals maybe crucial in design and endurance where amino acids may have influence in protein research. Additional understanding must be adequate enough to deal with future science development for life of nature. Here we have developed a idea for future technology that can coexist in type. Analysis of minimum component molecular structure is taken here for study and so forth. Analysis proves that ability is sufficient to explain all artificial phenomena of boiling and point at which something melts in chemical structure of interest. Adequacy is the key point to deal with weird values associated with sure compounds and all. Understandably the within one is going to be important for any such change and all. Analysis specifies enough insight into the existence and so forth. Probably dealing can be reached to some system of interest place carbon going to be important player and all. Internal individual is the system of interest for future electronics development and all. Developments wanted to be continued in this place for futuristic incident of robo like structure that will walk away with life of internal matter and all. Arrangements search out be made vacant for such a development and so forth.

Author(s) Details:

Ekambaram Rajasekaran,
V.S.B. Engineering College, Karur – 639111, Tamil Nadu, India.

Rajasekaran Meenal,
Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore – 641114, Tamil Nadu, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RACMS-V5/article/view/8899

Chemical and Thermal Shock Resistance Properties of Porous Silicon Carbide Ceramics| Chapter 5 | Research Aspects in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 5

 Porous silicon carbide (SiC) potteries have been thought-out as promising candidates as the catalytic support, machinelike seals, hot-vapor and molten-metal filters, vapor turbine structure, heat exchanger tubes, etc. due to their excellent features. In such requests under corrosive atmosphere, the SiC porcelain materials knowing different type of corrosions such as; deposit-inferred corrosion, inactive oxidation, active decay, scale volatility, scale interplays, etc., depending on their composition. SiC stoneware filters can withstand assertive chemical and thermal shock environments during their use, being more favorable than polymeric or metallic materials. Thermal and synthetic resistance features ultimately determine the rightness and service life of potteries for applications in corrosive air. Detailed study on the effect of thermal shock and disintegration in strong acidic/soluble conditions at raised temperature on absorbent SiC ceramics and the microstructure and mechanical feature evolutions of the corroded SiC potteries are still very few. It is always a preferable choice to have earlier information on warm shock and corrosion resistance possessions of any new material before selecting the material for requests in one or more corrosion surroundings. Therefore in this phase it is aimed to review and quantitatively assess various types of thermal and synthetic corrosion at various hotnesses on the microstructure, materials features and flexural strength of porous SiC potteries prepared by differing methods. A brief summary is given on the current state of information on the effect of chemical and warm corrosion, influence of the chemical disintegration conditions (type of seasoning, acid/alkali, temperature, pressure, etc) and warm shock resistance (chilling/heating as a function of quenching temperatures and quenching phases, etc) on the material and mechanical features.

Author(s) Details:

Dulal Das,
CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, 196, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata-700 032, India.

Nijhuma Kayal,
CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, 196, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata-700 032, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RACMS-V5/article/view/8898

Synthesis and Exfoliation Techniques of Different Phases of MoS2 Nanostructures| Chapter 4 | Research Aspects in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 5

 Transition mineral di chalcogenides posses various corrosion states and unique properties concerning diverse applications. Being a 2D wrap compound MoS2 emerges as an outstanding material in optoelectronic instrument fabrications. This book chapter reviews some main applications in this field and reviews the existence of different points such as 1T, 2H and 3R in MoS2. The structural changes and tier stacking sequence differences indifferent phases are discussed. Several combining and exfoliation techniques knowledgeable in MoS2 and its mechanisms are imitated. This chapter intends to specify awareness on the basic construction blocks and unit cell construction of various phases of MoS2. This work still provides an insight knowledgeable the facile exfoliation techniques and allure features which maybe adopted for layered change metal chalcogenides.

Author(s) Details:

M. Manuja,
Department of Physics, St. Berchmans College, Changanacherry, Kottayam-686101, Kerala, India.

Gijo Jose,
Department of Physics, St. Berchmans College, Changanacherry, Kottayam-686101, Kerala, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RACMS-V5/article/view/8897

Synthesis and Characterization of Nano-Hexagonal Calcium Ferrites for Material Development| Chapter 3 | Research Aspects in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 5

 The fundamental and magnetic characteristics of substituted calcium hexaferrites samples of chemical composition CaCrxFe12-xO19 place x= 0,2,4,6 have been intentional using a approximate analysis.  Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the X-ray dissemination method are used to resolve structural and morphological visage. The XRD pattern confirmed the happening of single-time hexagonal ferrites with scope group P63/mmc 167: R-3c. Ferrites are a type of oxide that has unusual electrical and drawing properties. The sample has usually clear hexagonal grains, accompanying an average particle magnitude of between 24nm and 40 nm, according to the SEM dossier. Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) is used to characterize the samples' drawing properties.  The satiation magnetization (Ms), Remanence (Mr ), and Coercivity (Hc) were observed to decrease with an increase in the profit of substitution that is related to the occupation of substitute-lattice spin-up and spin-unhappy locations interceded by diamagnetic ions and anisotropy Because the particle size was tinier than 50nm when computed using the Debye-Scherer recipe, the samples have a higher signal-to-cry ratio and may suit for recording publishing.

Author(s) Details:

B. C. Manjunatha,
Department of Physics, SJC Institute of Technology, Chickballapur-562101, Karnataka, India. Department of Physics, SJC Institute of Technology, Chickballapur-562101, Karnataka, India.

N. Pushpa,
Department of Physics, SJC Institute of Technology, Chickballapur-562101, Karnataka, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RACMS-V5/article/view/8896

Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis of Thin Films: A Review| Chapter 2 | Research Aspects in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 5

 Thin films possibly used in solar cell, indication of light devices, ocular waveguides, optoelectronic ploys and temperature sensors. These films were deposited taking advantage of various methods to some extent sputtering, chemical generally deposition system, electro dethroning method, pulsed indication of light deposition, vacuum separation, thermal evaporation, spray pyrolysis, e-beam separation, chemical mist dethroning and spin coating method. Characterization of the received films could be studied through picture of inside a body photoelectron spectroscopy, x-ray dissemination, Raman spectrometry, Rutherford Backscattering spectrometry, tiny force microscopy, UV-Visible spectroscopy, transmission capacity microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and substance dispersive X-ray analysis. The SEM technique hold produce images by scanning the surface of the samples following focused energized matter beam. These electrons must communicate with atoms (in the inclined films), produce various signals, contained very main facts such as surface terrain and arrangement. The SEM keep reach resolution better than 1 nanometer, and the samples could be discovered indifferent environments (extreme emptiness, low emptiness or wet environments). In this work, the semantic of the prepared films was stated established the selected research review. It was shown that seed amount, thickness and grain shape authority depended on the distinguishing environments.

Author(s) Details:

Ho Soon Min,
Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University Putra Nilai, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RACMS-V5/article/view/8895

Machine Learning Application, Isotherm Modelling and Adsorption Kinetics for the Removal of Chromium (VI) using Carissa Carandas| Chapter 1 | Research Aspects in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 5

 The basic goal concerning this study is to scrutinize and predict the capacity of cheap bio-sorbent Carissa carandas in eliminating chromium from industrial waste water utilizing analytical methods and machine learning methods such as Radial Basis Function Neural Networks. The adsorption method has been widely used to separate ingot ions in bulk for many age, and it is well known to scientists. The adsorption capacity of Carissa carandas for the evacuation of Cr(VI) ions from local industrial wastewater was examined in this paper as an application to physical-time wastewater situation using differing analytical mechanisms such as Atomic Adsorption Spectroscopy (AAS), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray dissemination (XRD). In this paper, we proposed machine learning located radial footing function neural network, that is used to model the obtained exploratory results to estimate the percentage expulsion of Cr(VI) for different obscure metal ion concentrations.The adsorption of Cr(VI) from local industrial waste water by Carissa carandas groomed by chemical system, it was treated accompanying the standard test procedures, resolved using Langmuir, Freundlich isotherms and Pseudo-first and second order energetic models. Adsorbent dose, initial adsorbate aggregation, pH, and contact time all had an affect the percentage of adsorption. According to the research's verdicts, Carissa carandas was able to adsorb hexavalent chromium to a maximum of 96% at 5 ppm, 120 record, 1 g/L of adsorbent dose, pH = 5, and 95.81% utilizing ANN for the same parameters. The Carissa carandas are widespread and freely accessible in many locales, thus the results concerning this research will be economically and effectively advantageous for the health of the sea and land environments.

Author(s) Details:

GopiKrishna Pasam,
Engineering Department, University of Technology and Applied Sciences (UTAS), Ibra, Oman.

P. Sirisha,
Department of Chemistry, St. Peter’s Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Avadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu - 600 054, India.

Sayeeda Sultana,
Department of Chemistry, St. Peter’s Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Avadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu - 600 054, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RACMS-V5/article/view/8894

Mathematics as Information Compression Via the Matching and Unification of Patterns| Chapter 10 | Research Highlights in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 3

 This paper specifies a novel perspective on the endowments of mathematics: how arithmetic may be visualized to be largely about `facts compression (IC) by way of the matching and consolidation of patterns' (ICMUP). That is itself a novel approach to IC, couched in terms of non-analytical primitives, as it stands necessary in any hearing of the foundations of arithmetic. This new perspective on the organizations of mathematics re ects the plan that, as an aid to human thinking, mathematics is inclined be consonant with much evidence for the importance of IC cruel learning, idea, and cognition. This perspective on the establishments of mathematics has developed out of a unending programme of research developing the SP Theory of Intelligence and its realisation in the SP Computer Model, a arrangement in which a generalised variant of ICMUP|the powerful concept of SP-diversified-alignment|plays a principal role. The paper shows accompanying an example how arithmetic, without some special provision, grant permission achieve condensation of information. Then it expresses examples showing by virtue of what variants of ICMUP can be seen in widely-used buildings and operations in arithmetic. Examples are also likely to show how several facets of the mathematics-connected disciplines of logic and estimating may be assumed as ICMUP. Also discussed is the intimate connection between IC and concepts of odds, with debates that there are advantages in nearing AI, cognitive learning, and concepts of probability by way of ICMUP. Also discussed is in what way or manner the close relation betwixt IC and concepts of probability has connection with the established view that few parts of mathematics are intrinsically probabilistic, and by means of what that latter view concede possibility be reconciled accompanying the all-or-nothing, `exact', forms of calculation or deduction that are familiar in arithmetic and logic. There are many potential benefits and applications of the arithmetic-as-IC perspective.

Author(s) Details:

J. Gerard Wolff,
CognitionResearch.org, Menai Bridge, UK.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHMCS-V3/article/view/8959

Studies on Effect of Pre-harvest Fruit Bagging on Yield and Quality of Litchi (Litchi chinensis)| Chapter 14 | Research Highlights in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 6

 This chapter aimed to highlight the effect of pre-harvest fruit bagging on yield and quality of litchi (Litchi chinensis).  The present investigation was conducted at the Experimental Farm, Department of Horticulture, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat During 2021-2022. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with seven (7) treatments and three (3) replications. The treatments taken under the study were Control (T1), Non-woven Red (T2), Non-woven Blue (T3), Non-woven White (T4) Non-woven Green (T5), Non-woven Yellow (T6) and Polypropylene (T7). The maximum fruit weight (17.81g), fruit volume (20.00cc), fruit breadth (3.16cm), fruit length (3.56cm), aril weight (14.28g), peel weight (2.31g) and yield (0.44kg/bunch) were recorded in T4 (Non-woven White). Sun burn (8%) and fruit cracking (5.66%) percentage was observed lowest in T4. During storage, highest shelf life was observed in T4 i.e. 10.50 days. It can be concluded that all the bags studied in the present experiment were found to be good both in qualitative and quantitative characters and also increased shelf life. However, in terms of morphological and shelf life characteristics, the non-woven white bag outperformed the other bags.

Author(s) Details:

Diplip Barman,
Department of Horticulture, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-13, Assam, India.

Shahida Choudhury,
Department of Horticulture, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-13, Assam, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHAS-V6/article/view/8937