A Synthesis and Characterisation of Activated Carbon-incorporated Chitosan Composite for Harnessing Hexavalent Chromium Adsorption | Chapter 2 | Chemical and Materials Sciences: Research Findings Vol. 4

Industrial effluent is a complex aqueous matrix comprising hazardous substances like phenols and toxic organics, often mixed with nutrients, suspended solids and multiple pollutants. Its constituents vary with industry, making it a significant environmental challenge requiring targeted treatment solutions. In view of their toxicity, non-biodegradability and persistent nature, their removal becomes an absolute necessity. Hexavalent chromium metal is one of the carcinogenic pollutants in the environment and is frequently present in wastewater from various industrial units. This chapter reports the characterisation and use of chitosan-coated activated carbon derived from the bark of Pongamia pinnata (CCPPAC) as a potential adsorbent for the removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution. SEM analysis proved the mesoporous nature of the material under investigation. The batch experiment was carried out to study the effect of significant process parameters such as pH, contact time, adsorbent doses and initial Cr (VI) concentration. The maximum adsorption efficacy for Cr(VI) removal by CCPPAC was found at pH 4.5, 5 gm/lit of adsorbent dose and 140 min contact time. Under optimum conditions, 96% Cr (VI) was removed from aqueous solution. This investigation verifies that CCPPAC, a mesoporous material, can be successfully used as an excellent sorbent material for the removal of hexavalent chromium from contaminated water and thus can be applied in wastewater treatment. In this study, the activated carbon derived from the bark of the Pongamia pinnata tree and surface was successfully coated with chitosan and characterised employing FTIR and SEM studies. The newly developed CCPPAC high porous structure and excellent surface area.

 

 

 

Author (s) Details

Hunge Sudhir
Chintamani College of Science, Pombhurna, Dist. Chandrapur (M.S.)-442918, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsrf/v4/5549

Assessment of Agricultural Wastes in the Removal of Hexavalent Chromium | Chapter 3 | Novel Aspects on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 1

 The present study climaxes the assessment of Agricultural Wastes in the Removal of Hexavalent Chromium. Hexavalent chromium is a big pollutant produced by a difference of industrial processes. Adsorbents came from waste agricultural byproducts have been used to erase hexavalent chromium. Study mainly directed on comparing certain agro located products for the chelation of Cr(VI) ions. An far-reaching list of agricultural based fruit such as Coconut Coir, Prunus amygdalus, Cissus quadrangularis, Soapnut Acacia, Justicia adhatoda, Bhringraj, Aerva lanata, Trianthema portulacastrum, Tephrosia purpurea, Solanum nigrum, Datura metel, Cleome viscous, Asparagus racemosus employed for Cr(VI) trapping from liquid solutions and the fulfilled industrial effluents are inspected in this work. Chemically altered matters have greater adsorption volumes and are therefore used to modify the stated materials in the research items in particular ways. For further examination into the extensive use of the secondhand materials, the results reported apiece authors have been distinguished and summarized. The comparative study on biosorbents explaines that they possess extreme potential in full- scale for the removal of poisonous metal ions.

Author(s) Details:

N. Muthulakshmi Andal,
Department of Chemistry, PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Affiliated to Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-641 004, Tamil Nadu, India.

S. Charulatha,
Department of Chemistry, PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Affiliated to Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-641 004, Tamil Nadu, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NACB-V1/article/view/10244

Machine Learning Application, Isotherm Modelling and Adsorption Kinetics for the Removal of Chromium (VI) using Carissa Carandas| Chapter 1 | Research Aspects in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 5

 The basic goal concerning this study is to scrutinize and predict the capacity of cheap bio-sorbent Carissa carandas in eliminating chromium from industrial waste water utilizing analytical methods and machine learning methods such as Radial Basis Function Neural Networks. The adsorption method has been widely used to separate ingot ions in bulk for many age, and it is well known to scientists. The adsorption capacity of Carissa carandas for the evacuation of Cr(VI) ions from local industrial wastewater was examined in this paper as an application to physical-time wastewater situation using differing analytical mechanisms such as Atomic Adsorption Spectroscopy (AAS), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray dissemination (XRD). In this paper, we proposed machine learning located radial footing function neural network, that is used to model the obtained exploratory results to estimate the percentage expulsion of Cr(VI) for different obscure metal ion concentrations.The adsorption of Cr(VI) from local industrial waste water by Carissa carandas groomed by chemical system, it was treated accompanying the standard test procedures, resolved using Langmuir, Freundlich isotherms and Pseudo-first and second order energetic models. Adsorbent dose, initial adsorbate aggregation, pH, and contact time all had an affect the percentage of adsorption. According to the research's verdicts, Carissa carandas was able to adsorb hexavalent chromium to a maximum of 96% at 5 ppm, 120 record, 1 g/L of adsorbent dose, pH = 5, and 95.81% utilizing ANN for the same parameters. The Carissa carandas are widespread and freely accessible in many locales, thus the results concerning this research will be economically and effectively advantageous for the health of the sea and land environments.

Author(s) Details:

GopiKrishna Pasam,
Engineering Department, University of Technology and Applied Sciences (UTAS), Ibra, Oman.

P. Sirisha,
Department of Chemistry, St. Peter’s Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Avadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu - 600 054, India.

Sayeeda Sultana,
Department of Chemistry, St. Peter’s Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Avadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu - 600 054, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RACMS-V5/article/view/8894

Removal of Hexavalent Chromium from Waste Water Using Newly Developed Activated Carbon from Bark of Butea monosperma | Chapter 9 | Current Overview on Science and Technology Research Vol. 6

 The presence of heavy metals in water systems has become a serious problem. Therefore, the development of new methods to remove heavy metal ions from contaminated water is attracting attention. One of the most efficient techniques for removing harmful heavy metal ions is adsorption technology. Metals that are harmful to humans and the environment include copper, chromium, lead, mercury, cadmium, nickel, iron, and cobalt. One of the most important contaminant metal ions is hexavalent chromium, which is found in most industrial effluents. Many conventional physical and chemical treatment methods for removing hexavalent chromium are described in the literature. However, these processes are costly, energy intensive and produce toxic and carcinogenic by-products. A recent study demonstrated the effectiveness of activated carbon from Butea monosperma bark in removing Cr(VI) from contaminated water, including the effects of pH, sorbent dosage, contact time, and initial metal ion concentration. It was examined in relation to many parameters. An optimal pH, equilibrium pH = 6.5, was required for hexavalent chromium uptake. With increasing contact time, the removal of Cr(VI) from the aqueous solution increased and reached equilibrium after 150 min. Furthermore, removal of Cr(VI) increased with increasing sorbent dosage. Maximum adsorption of Cr(VI) (96%) was studied at an adsorbent dose of 5.0 g/l. As the initial Cr(VI) concentration increases, the Cr(VI) removal rate decreases. This investigation revealed that activated carbon freshly prepared from the bark of Butea monosperma can be used as an adsorbent for the removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions. It is cheap and energy intensive.

Author(s) Details:

S. S. Hunge,
Chintamani College of Science, Pombhurna, Gondwana University, Gadchiroli (MS), India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/COSTR-V6/article/view/8420

Hexavalent Chromium and Cellular Bioenergetics: An Experimental Study| Chapter 5 | Current Topics on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 5

 Mice were used to examine the dose-dependent effects of subacute Cr(VI) exposure on the bioenergetics of carbohydrates. The TCA cycle enzymes, blood glucose, liver glycogen, and pyruvic acid were investigated. The amount of tissue protein, free amino acid nitrogen, transaminase, and NADH dehydrogenase activity was also calculated. A dose-dependent reduction in blood glucose and hepatic glycogen was brought on by chromium exposure. Isocitrate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase activities were all significantly changed according to dose. Pyruvate exhaustion was observed in hepatic tissue. Depletion of total protein, increased transaminase activity, and decreased NADH dehydrogenase activity were all linked to increased hepatic free amino nitrogen. It is concluded that Cr(VI) alters carbohydrate bioenergetics by having hypoglycaemic and glycogenolytic effects in hepatocytes that are dose-dependently accompanied by changes to the TCA cycle and electron transport pathways.

Author(s) Details:

Kanu Shil,
Nutritional Biochemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagarm West Tripura - 799022, India.

Sudipta Pal,
Nutritional Biochemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagarm West Tripura - 799022, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CTCB-V5/article/view/8299

Assessment of Water Quality of River Salandi by using Modified Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environmental Water Quality Index Method in Bhadrak, Odisha, India | Chapter 3 | Emerging Challenges in Environment and Earth Science Vol. 5

 By utilising the Modified Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index Method in Bhadrak, Odisha, India, the current study highlights the water quality of the River Salandi. In order to fulfil the purpose and goal of this investigation, nine sampling stations were chosen along the river's bank on the basis of the presence of more anticipated pollutants. In order to evaluate the sixteen physico-chemical parameters, water samples from nine different locations during the summer, wet, post-rainy, and winter seasons of the years 2015 and 2016 were analysed. APHA-2012, from which the mean and standard deviations (SD) of twelve parameters have been computed and derived to investigate the Water Quality Index (WQI) using a modified version of the Canadian Council of Ministers of Environment (CCME) approach for the years 2015 and 2016. According to the report, the water quality in both years is just fair and falls into class-D. Additionally, it is determined that the larger amplitude is the cause of the relatively lower water quality in 2016 compared to 2015 (F3). In addition, study of physico-chemical characteristics shows that the river Salandi is contaminated with harmful bacteria, Cr(VI), iron, chloride, and fluoride, with the severity of the pollution being greater during wet seasons. post-rainy than the summer and winter seasons and pollution follows a decreasing trend from upstream to downstream. In addition to using contemporary techniques like electrodialysis, disinfection, and reduction of Cr (VI) with SO2 in acidic medium followed by lime treatment to turn Cr (VI) into Cr(III) as chromium hydroxide, along with phytoremediation and bioremediation for the treatment of toxic substances and pathogenic bacteria, and concurrently increasing DO value through photosynthesis.

Author(s) Details:

Pratap Kumar Panda,
Department of Chemistry, A. B. College, Basudevpur, Bhadrak, Odisha, India.

Prasant Kumar Dash,
Department of Chemistry, Bhadrak Autonomous College, Bhadrak, Odisha, India.

Rahas Bihari Panda,
Department of Chemistry, VSSUT, Burla, Odisha, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ECEES-V5/article/view/8149

Control of Cr(VI) Pollution Using Surface Modified Activated Carbon Derived from the Bark of Ziziphus mauritiana| Chapter 6 | Research Developments in Science and Technology Vol. 3

The indiscriminate discharge of heavy metals into wastewater and soil as a result of human industrial practises is posing a severe hazard to the environment. Heavy metals in the environment have been a major source of worry in recent years due to their toxicity, bioaccumulation potential, and hazard to human life and the ecosystem. Hexavalent chromium metal is a carcinogenic pollutant that may be found in industrial effluent from a number of sources. As a result, chromium reduction and recovery from tannery effluent is critical for both environmental and economic reasons. The major goal of this research is to improve a novel composite for polluted water depollution. This paper describes the characterisation and use of chitosan-coated activated carbon derived from Ziziphus mauritiana bark as a potential adsorbent for the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. SEM analysis revealed the mesoporous nature of the material under investigation. The batch experiment was carried out to investigate how essential process variables such as pH, contact duration, adsorbent doses, and the baseline Cr(VI) concentration influenced the outcomes. The maximum adsorption effectiveness for Cr(VI) removal by CCZMAC was observed at pH 4.5, 5 gm/lit adsorbent dose, and 140 min contact time. Under optimum conditions, 97 percent of Cr(VI) was removed from aqueous solution. This research demonstrates that CCZMAC, a mesoporous material, may be employed as an excellent sorbent material for extracting Cr(VI) from polluted water and can therefore be used in wastewater treatment.

 

Author(s) Details:

Hunge Sudhir,
Chintamani College of Science, Pombhurna, Dist. Chandrapur (M.S), Gondwana University, Gadchiroli (M.S.) India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDST-V3/article/view/6631

An Experimental Study on Removal of Hexavalent Chromium from Water and Organic Solvent Mixed Media by Adsorption Using Weak Base Anion Exchanger Tulsion A-2X (MP) | Chapter 7 | Current Perspectives on Chemical Sciences Vol. 7

The removal of the most common toxic, environmental pollutant and carcinogenic chromium (VI) was studied under various conditions such as interaction time, pH, effect of organic solvents and temperature by batch technique for the adsorption and ion exchange process from water and organic solvent mixed media. The maximum chromium (VI) adsorption rate for Tulsion A-2X (MP) was within the optimum pH range of 5.0-5.5. Temperature changes have limited the adsorption of chromium (VI). Interaction time suggested that chromium(VI) removal of about 70% was within 15 minutes. Based on first order kinetics and isotherms of adsorption, chromium (IV) adsorption was presented. Kinetics and adsorption models provided the best chromium(VI) feasibility data and were well interpreted by the RL separation factor between 0 and 1. It is therefore concluded that in extracting chromium(VI) from water and organic solvent mixed media, the ion-exchange resin Tulsion A-2X (MP) could be used.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Prasanna S. Koujalagi
Department of Chemistry, KLS Gogte Institute of Technology (Autonomous), Belagavi-590 008, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CPCS-V7/issue/view/5