Development of a Microcontroller-based Driver Alcohol Detection System (MDADS) for Road Safety | Chapter 1 | Engineering Research: Perspectives on Recent Advances Vol. 10

 

Background: Globally, vehicular accidents on most highways have caused a lot of losses. Alcohol consumption is considered to be an important risk factor for road traffic injuries worldwide. Many sustained injuries that marred them and left families helpless, sub-Saharan and Nigerian highways are not exempted. Drunk-driving increases the tendency, severity and causality of crashes. Effects of auto crash damage to lives and properties necessitated the development of the Microcontroller-based Driver Alcohol Detection System (MDADS).

 

Aim of the Study: The aim of the study is to design and construct MDADS to address and prevent the rising incidence of alcohol-related traffic accidents.

 

Methodology: The study was conducted for 7 months in the Department of Computer Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Ile-Oluji (FEDPOLEL), Nigeria. It was conducted between October 2020 and July 2021. The system employed ATMega328p microcontroller (CU) which coordinated the operations of 7 units that made the MDADS. The units are: Sensor Unit (SU), Switch (S), Power Unit (PU); LCD Indicating Unit (LIU), Alarm Unit (AU), DC motor (Ignition) Unit (IU) and Liquid Crystal Display Unit (LCDU). MDADS was designed to operate at a 9-volt. The microcontroller was programmed to receive a signal from the MQ-3 sensor. Two LEDs were used for the design (Red and Green). The alarm unit features a buzzer that alerts when alcohol is present.

 

Once the MDADS is ON, it assesses the presence of alcohol in the endogenous alcohol molecules from the driver with the help of the SU. The SU sends a signal to CU to control and sends a signal to trigger the IU, AU and the LCDU of the MDADS, if the Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) exceeds the stipulated threshold of 0.29ml/l. 60s tolerance was given to the driver to switch OFF the ignition. If the driver refuses to comply by switching OFF the ignition, the CU sends a “SWITCH OFF” signal to the IU, the LCDU displays “Drunk”, and the buzzer continuously sounds an alarm. The designed system was tested, and parameters for evaluation were taken. The parameters, among others, include True Acceptance Rate (TAR), False Acceptance Rate (FAR), Unable to Accept Rate (UAR) and Detection Accuracy (DA).

 

Results: TAR were 0.81, 0.79, and 0.77 for man, alcoholic drinks and herbal mixture, respectively. FAR were 0.03, 0.00, and 0.00 for man, alcoholic drinks and herbal mixture, respectively. For human beings, Precision (P) and Recall concept (R) were 0.04 and 0.15, respectively, while for P and R for others were negligible.

 

Conclusion: MDADS was successfully designed and constructed for improved highway safety. The results reveal that the system can be profitably employed for improved safety on the highways through precise warning before “switching off” of the car engine. A further design should be done to differentiate vividly between drunk drivers and the presence of other alcoholic substances, such as drugs that contain some alcoholic content, petrol, methylated spirit and alcoholic drinks. Moreover, automobile designers and manufacturing companies can leverage IoT to incorporate speed limits and systematic ignition switching technology as production is being made for next-generation car drivers.

 

 

Author(s) Details

O. Adegoke Benjamin
Department of Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Ile-Oluji, Nigeria.

 

F. Adegoke Olapeju
Department of Office Technology and Management, Faculty of ICT, OSCOTECH, Esa-Oke, Nigeria.

 

F. Oladoye Stephen
Department of Computer Science, Osun State Polytechnic, Iree, Osun State, Nigeria.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/erpra/v10/5664

Effective RF Transmitter and Receiver System Using 2.4 GHz for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles | Chapter 6| Current Approaches in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 7

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), commonly known as drones, are aircraft operated without an onboard human pilot. They have a wide range of applications, including military operations, emergency response such as firefighting, and various civilian uses, making them a significant focus of ongoing research. This study aims to develop a cost-effective and efficient communication system between transmitters and receivers for UAVs, enhancing their operational capabilities over long distances to reduce response times in critical scenarios such as military operations, firefighting, and medical emergencies. We propose using 2.4 GHz RF modules for the transmitter and receiver systems, providing 256 channels for reliable and economical long-range data transmission. Integrating multiple transmitters with a single receiver further enhances the system's functionality. The nRF modules consume current between 12.63 mA and 15.94 mA, demonstrating reliable operation with an average communication range of 750 to 950 meters between transmitter and receiver. This performance was evaluated using a Quadcopter Drone. Additionally, upgrading the nRF front-end module from 2.4 GHz to 5.7 GHz is explored to extend the transmission range and improve overall system performance.

 

Author(s) Details

S D Vijayakumar
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Builders Engineering College, Kangeyam, Tiruppur District - 638108, India.

 

G Vijayakumari
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Builders Engineering College, Kangeyam, Tiruppur District - 638108, India.

 

R Praveenkumar
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Builders Engineering College, Kangeyam, Tiruppur District - 638108, India.

 

V Kuma
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Builders Engineering College, Kangeyam, Tiruppur District - 638108, India.

 

T Velmurugan
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Builders Engineering College, Kangeyam, Tiruppur District - 638108, India.

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/caert/v7/1590

The Design of a Smart Intelligent Device for Visually Handicapped| Chapter 7 | Current Overview on Science and Technology Research Vol. 10

 The World Health Organisation reports that 4% of the experience’s population is optically impaired and 90% of the visually injured live in depressed-income settings. This paper presents an astute low-cost maneuver to enhance the flexibility of the visually handicapped consumer and track the consumer in real-time. The projected device will assist in the maneuverability of the visually injured with an added feature of crisis communication accompanying a parent device. The instrument makes use of machine intelligence to create a sensor network utilizing an ultrasonic sensor, and a water sensor. The system includes a siren and a vibrator to alert the user of impediments or sensed slippery surfaces, permissive the user in preventing the hazards.  The system incorporates GSM and GPS modules to permit ideas between the device consumer and their caretakers and transmit the relates of the user in the form of a idea message.This device is creative and smart as it updates the visibly impaired caretaker each two hours with welcome/her coordinates. The tool is designed from off-the-shelf and light parts making it light, handy, and handy. Overall, the system aims to provide a cheap and efficient traveling system/ploy which gives a sense of artificial dream by providing real-period environment information about the sketch of static and vital environments about them and tracking in evident-time. The system involves an emergency switch to be used to alert a person or caretaker.

Author(s) Details:

Smita Francis,
Faculty of Engineering, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia.

Sicilia Mutilifa,
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/COSTR-V10/article/view/8907

Development of Microsleep Alerting System of Pilot to Reduce Air Accidents | Chapter 4 | Techniques and Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 3

 Microsleep in pilots, often due to fatigue and drowsiness, has received increasing attention recently. In particular, the reason is the pilot's microsleep, which was revealed by the accident investigation. The complete system incorporates EOG, EEG and IR modules. Using invasive electrodes, EEG tests the brain's electrical activity, known as EEG patterns. The EOG module records eye movement potentials, and the IR module records blink frequency. The perfect impulse is fed into a robust signal processing unit and microcontroller. An alert system is activated when a microsleep event is detected. This proposed microsleep warning system periodically monitors the alertness and readiness of the pilot and sends an alert signal as soon as microsleep is detected with high probability.

Author(s) Details:

M. S. Prabhu,
Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Hindusthan Institute of Technology, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TAIER-V3/article/view/8425

Smart Health Counselor for Cardio Vascular Inflammation: A Recent Study| Chapter 4 | Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 12

 The modern health-care system is built around inventiveness. The main goal is to create a standardised patient inspection system that allows therapeutic services specialists to track patients who are also injured or go about their daily lives. The elderly are increasingly benefiting from this strategy. Heartbeat Monitoring allows you to keep track of your heartbeat. It eliminates the need for additional time rates. We've done some electrocardiogram (ECG) estimate and pulse testing before. Our technology is programmed to track a patient's physiological sequence in order to detect whether he or she is at ease. The patient is conveyed in equipment that includes sensors and phone apps; the sensors will detect the patient's vital sign and imperative indication. This data will be transmitted to the phone over Bluetooth/Wi-Fi. It also delivers an alarm regarding the patient's vital well-being via an instant message. If a true crisis develops, these data findings can be kept in a database that can be retrieved from a remote place. The majority of the system is made up of sensors, a data acquisition facility, a microcontroller, and programming. The patient's body temperature, heart rate, muscles, blood glucose level, ECG information, and pulse level are all checked, displayed, and summarised by our framework. This article has the potential to save a patient's life in an emergency.

Author (s) Details

A. Shenbagharaman
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Engineering College, Kovilpatti, Tamil Nadu, India

View Book :-  https://stm.bookpi.org/AAER-V12/article/view/1281

Recent Study on Design and Development of a Wearable Device to Monitor Vital Signs of Preggers | Chapter 13 | Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 3

 When technology advances, we cannot afford to ignore any wearable device that is most suitable for pregnant women. Our proposed system is a wearable device that tracks expectant mothers' health and transmits data to the appropriate physician, especially in rural areas. Doctors will offer higher quality medical services and more personalised healthcare to these women using real-time wearable devices. This health-monitoring system would enable a pregnant woman to communicate with a doctor with nearly full functionality. The main goal of this system is to take preventive measures such as continuous health screening of patients from an early age and to provide advice on how to reduce prenatal risks. It can only be used after the 16th week of pregnancy. The health monitoring unit continuously monitors the womb's body temperature and pulse, and sends the data to a gynaecologist at a remote location via GSM if there are any deviations from the standard value. The use of innovative technology for pregnant women's treatment allows for better care and, as a result, pregnancy-related mortality can be decreased significantly.

Author (s) Details

Dr. L. K. Hema
ECE Department, Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology, Vinayaka Mission’s Research Foundation, Chennai, India.

R. Mohana Priya
ECE Department, AarupadaiVeedu Institute of Technology, Vinayaka Mission’s Research Foundation, Chennai, India.

Dr. K. L. Shunmuganathan
Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology, Vinayaka Mission’s Research Foundation, Chennai, India.

S. Velmurugan
Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/AAER-V3/issue/view/42

Automated Guided Vehicle for Physically Handicapped People – A Cost Effective Approach | Chapter 11 | Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 3

 The Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) is a robot that can automatically transport materials from the supply area to the technician. This is more powerful and quicker. Wireless access to the robot is possible. Rather than relying on a human operator to deliver the parts, a technician can monitor the robot directly (over phone, computer etc. who has to programme the robot or ask a delivery person to make the delivery). The Automated Guided Vehicle, or AGV, is a type of material handling equipment that is commonly used in today's manufacturing industries because it gives systems more versatility. However, the design of this AGV must be performed correctly in order to optimise its usability. The vehicle is led along its path by itself. A proximity sensor is connected to the device to prevent collisions. In the presence of obstacles, the sensor detects the signals of the obstacles and can stop the vehicle. As a result, the vehicle will prevent collisions, which is very useful in today's manufacturing trend, and material and equipment handling can be automated, resulting in a time-saving approach.

Author (s) Details

Dr. G. Arun Kumar
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.

Mr. S. Lakshmisankar
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/AAER-V3/issue/view/42