Comparative Study and Interrelationship of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Coarse Aggregates Produced in Ogun State |Chapter 8 | Emerging Trends in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 5

 

This study compares and investigates the relationship between the physical and mechanical properties of granites produced in some parts of Ogun State. Granite Samples were tested for their Specific Gravities, Water Absorptions, Moisture Contents, Aggregates Impact Value and Aggregates Crushing Value in accordance to the relevant standards. Test results were compared with relevant standards and with values from various sites. Regression analysis was used to further determine the relationship between the various properties. Results reveals that although all the samples conform to relevant codes and standards there were variations in test results from one location to the other and between the various sizes obtained from the same location. Statistical analysis reveals that there is significant positive correlation between Moisture Content and Water Absorption, no relationship between Specific Gravity and both Moisture Content and Water Absorption, while the relationship between Aggregate Crushing and Impact value is positive but not significant.

 

Author(s) Details

S. S. Omopariola

The Federal Polytechnic Ilaro, Ilaro, Nigeria.

 

A. A. Jimoh

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/etert/v5

Properties of Bio-Boards Produced from the Mixture of Gigantochloa scortechinii and Themeda arguens as an Alternative to Future Timber| Chapter 1 | Current Overview on Science and Technology Research Vol. 10

 The fabrics from the non-wood wood resources as well as the land resources maybe as an alternative raw material for wood industry. Thus, the characterizations of composite boards from two grass family of Gigantochloa scortechinii and Themeda arguens were examined to develop an environmental bio-composite board. The two species were amassed at their respective ripened ages. They were segregated, cut and chipped into tinier pieces, and mixed at five various ratios. They were later mixed fully and bonded together utilizing 12 % and 14 % Urea-formaldehyde (UF) and hot rushed into composite boards. Hardener and wax were additional at 1% and 3% weights, respectively, all along the mixing process. European standards processes were followed in the board’s development and testing. The boards were tested for tangible, mechanical and warm characterizations by using thermogravimetric analysis. The GT composite boards from 100% G. gigantochloa, and boards at ratio 30:70 (G. scortechini and T. arguens) created the best characterization in agreements of the values in the material, mechanical and thermal traits. The findings plan that ratios and resin details influence the GT composites board properties.

Author(s) Details:

Razak Wahab,
Centre of Excellence in Wood Engineered Products (CeWEP), 96000 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia and University of Technology Sarawak (UTS), 96000 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia.

Rashidah Kamarulzaman,
University of Technology Sarawak (UTS), 96000 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia.

Mohamad Saiful Sulaiman,
Centre of Excellence in Wood Engineered Products (CeWEP), 96000 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia and University of Technology Sarawak (UTS), 96000 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia.

Hashim W. Samsi,
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), 52109 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Sofiyah Mohd Razali,
Centre of Excellence in Wood Engineered Products (CeWEP), 96000 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia and University of Technology Sarawak (UTS), 96000 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia.

Taharah Edin,
University of Technology Sarawak (UTS), 96000 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia.

Nasihah Mokhtar,
Centre of Excellence in Wood Engineered Products (CeWEP), 96000 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia and University of Technology Sarawak (UTS), 96000 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia.

Muhammad Haziq Razak,
Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800 USM Penang, Malaysia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/COSTR-V10/article/view/8901

Linkage between Dizziness and Balance in Vertigo | Chapter 12 | Current Overview on Disease and Health Research Vol. 1

There is a sensory component and a motor component to the vestibular system. The central nervous system (CNS) receives information from the vestibular system, a sensory system, concerning the position and motion of the head as well as the direction of gravity. The CNS makes use of this data as well as data from other sensory systems. The otolith organs can detect tilts in respect to gravity and slowly drifting motions, but only if the movements are linear rather than circular. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between dizziness and balance in BPPV patients using the outcome measures Berg Balance Scale and Dizziness Handicap Inventory. 56 individuals in all were included in the research. between the ages of 18 and 65, both sexes. Possibility of three months of symptoms; mobility from sitting to standing and independent walking. We were able to endure the exercise and do an inquiry that was descriptive, analytical, and correlational. In this study, the dizzy handicap inventory and the berg balance scale were used as outcome measures, and data from patients who underwent a 9-week exercise programme were collected. By measuring the level of correlation between the Berg balance scale and the physical, functional, and emotional components of the DHI subscales and overall DHI score, validity was examined. The study discovered that the balance of BPPV-induced vertigo improved with increasing dizziness improvement, and that the functional aspect of co-relationship is stronger.

Author (s) Details:

S. D. Shahanawaz,
Department of Physiotherapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CODHR-V1/article/view/7434

Water Quality Variations within the Urban Stretch of a River in Nigeria | Chapter 3 | Challenging Issues on Environment and Earth Science Vol. 2

 Sango-Otta in Nigeria is Ogun State's industrial nerve centre. Many beverage and other related factories are located there. The River Atuara drains the densely populated industrial zone, which can pose a sanitation problem for users downstream of the urbanised stretch. This study aims to assess the quality of water in the river along its 13-kilometer urbanised stretch, which runs through the quarters of Owode – Otta and Gbenga in Sango – Otta, Ogun State, Nigeria. To assess the extent of contamination in the river channel, a review of the physical and chemical analysis of the water quality in the river channel is performed. TDS, pH, colour, and temperature measurements were taken at nine different locations along the 21-kilometer river stretch. pH, Conductivity, Turbidity, DO, BOD, COD, TDS, and TSS were all tested in the lab at four different locations along the water course. Phosphate is one of the others. Chloride, Nitrate, Sulphate, Cadmium, Lead, Iron, Copper, Zinc, and Nickel are some of the elements present in the human body. The water quality degrades downstream of the urbanised stretch, according to the findings. The presence of heavy metals in the river poses some questions. The lead content at Owode is 0.11 mg/L, which is above the allowable limit of 0.01 mg/l and can cause cancer. This can affect infants' mental growth by interfering with Vitamin D metabolism. The central and peripheral nervous systems are also affected. Cadmium levels are below 0.002, which is only below the Nigerian limit of 0.003 mg/l. Between Owode and Ewupe, the nickel content was 0.046mg/l, which is higher than Nigeria's maximum permissible amount of 0.02. This may have a carcinogenic effect on the body. The industrial impacts of Owode and Ewupe are greater than those of Igboloye and Gbenga. The patterns of each of the 21 parameters measured along the river's urbanised stretch follow a pattern that can be classified as identical, mirrored, somersault, or a combination of mirrored and somersault. More research is needed in this region, as well as determining the locations of factories and industries that contribute to the pollution level in the Ewupe area, as well as their effluent disposal programmes.

Author (s) Details

F. A. Oginni,
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Adeleke University, Ede, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CIEES-V2/issue/view/60

Characterization of Some Selected Egyptian Cultivars of Spices and Herbs Commonly Exported in Abroad | Chapter 2 | Current Research in Agricultural and Food Science Vol. 3

 The present study highlighted some of the chemical, nutritional, microbiological and essential oil characteristics of traditional Egyptian cumin (Cuminum cyminum) and coriander (Coriandum sativum) spice seed cultivars and of whole basil herb (Ocimum basilicum) collected as ready for export from various Egyptian export centres. Cumin and coriander seed spices have already been prepared in dry seed form at the same place of procurement as typically practised in Egypt to prepare dry spices for export abroad. The humidity values observed for dry seeds of cumin (7.4 percent) and coriander (6.4 percent) as well as total acid-insoluble ash and ash (7.7 percent and 0.74 percent in cumin, but 5.3 percent and 0.55 percent in coriander, respectively) were lower than the Egyptian Specification Requirements (ES) and International Standards Organization (ISO) maximum limits for cumin and 0.55 percent Analysis of essential minerals in herbs and seed spices has shown that they are abundant in K, Ca, Na, Fe and Zn. The overall bacterial count was low in the cumin and coriander seeds as well as the whole fresh basil herb. For cumin and coriander seeds, the microbiological load was found to be lower in all tested seed spices and herbs than those suggested by the ES and ISO. Hydro-distilled essential oils (EOs) yields were the largest in cumin seeds (3,762 percent), whereas coriander and basil herbs both had lower numbers (0.285 percent and 0.686 percent , respectively). The content of EOs was found to be higher than the maximum limits for cumin (1.5 percent - 2.5 percent on a dry weight basis), but within the limits for cumin (0.1 percent - 0.5 percent on a dry weight basis) for cumin and coriander seed oils, as shown by the ES and ISO. The presence of 41, 35 and 47 compounds, respectively, was indicated by gas chromatography of extracted EOs from cumin and coriander seeds as well as basil herbs, where cuminaldehyde was the main component in cumin volatiles, but linalool was present in volatiles from both coriander seeds and basil herbs. The results showed that the major compounds in EOs in cumin seeds grown in Egypt are compatible with the findings of various investigators from different parts of the globe. In the EOs of the three tested Egyptian spices and herbs, volatile oil components were categorised into groups based on the relative region ( percent ). The percentage of main and other major components in EOs from cumin and coriander seed cultivars was within the ES and ISO ranges for both cumin seed oils (cuminaldehyde 15% to 46%) and coriander seed oils (linalool between 65 percent - 78 percent ). No Egyptian Specification Specifications have yet been developed for fresh basil herbs and Linalool-chemotype basil oil, but only for methylchavicol-chemotype basil oil.

Author (s) Details

Professor Dr. Ahmad H. El-Ghorab
College of Science, Chemistry Department, JOUF University, Kingdom Saudi Arabia and Department of Chemistry of Flavour and Aroma, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.

Prof. Dr. Mustafa M. El-Gharabli
Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Egypt.

Shimaa A. Moawad
Department of Chemistry of Flavour and Aroma, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.

Mahmoud Hassan
Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Egypt.

Hassan Nour-Eldin
Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Egypt.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/364

Investigation and Assessment of Addition Titanium Dioxide on General Properties of Polycarbonate | Chapter 10 | New Ideas Concerning Science and Technology Vol. 3

Polycarbonate is a transparent commercial engineering polymer used for its good properties in many applications, in particular in smartphone protector screens. The nano composite material consisting of polycarbonate sheet and nano titanium dioxide particles has been prepared in the present paper. Using a press technique, three ratios of TiO2 (0.01-0.03-0.05 g) were used with polycarbonate. Hardness, impact, FTIR, UV, XRD, DSC, tensile strength, contact angle and smoothness tests were defined as different mechanical, chemical, thermal, scratch and morphology tests. The results showed that hardness decreased by about 15% and impact resistance improved by about 10%. The TiO2 level is rising. FTIR showed that no new peaks existed and that physical interactions between the nano filler and the polycarbonate matrix were seen to decrease transparency by about 5% as well. After TiO2 was applied, UV showed the absorption of polycarbonate by radiation. The DSC showed a decrease in the level of Tg and an increase in material crystallinity after processing. The contact angle test showed that at first, wettability increased but started to decrease with the addition of more TiO2 to the surface. With the addition of TiO2 to polycarbonate sheets, the surface roughness test and the AFM test indicate a decrease in smoothness.

Author (S) Details

Prof. Najim A. Saad
Polymer and Petrochemical Industries Department, College of Materials Engineering, Babylon University, Babylon, Iraq.

Esraa Rzaq Jwad
Polymer and Petrochemical Industries Department, College of Materials Engineering, Babylon University, Babylon, Iraq.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/349

Comparative Study and Interrelationship of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Coarse Aggregates Produced in Ogun State | Chapter 8 | Emerging Trends in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 5

This study compares and investigates the relationship between the physical and mechanical properties of granites produced in some parts of Ogun State. Granite Samples were tested for their Specific Gravities, Water Absorptions, Moisture Contents, Aggregates Impact Value and Aggregates Crushing Value in accordance to the relevant standards. Test results were compared with relevant standards and with values from various sites. Regression analysis was used to further determine the relationship between the various properties. Results reveals that although all the samples conform to relevant codes and standards there were variations in test results from one location to the other and between the various sizes obtained from the same location. Statistical analysis reveals that there is significant positive correlation between Moisture Content and Water Absorption, no relationship between Specific Gravity and both Moisture Content and Water Absorption, while the relationship between Aggregate Crushing and Impact value is positive but not significant.

Author(s) Details

S. S. Omopariola (Engineer)
The Federal Polytechnic Ilaro, Ilaro, Nigeria.

Prof. A. A. Jimoh
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/187