Financing Fixed Assets of SMEs in Cameroon: The Rule of Minimum Financial Balance in this Context| Chapter 6 | Economics, Business and Management: Recent Advances Vol. 1

 

The balanced financial structure of firms is not a new issue in financial analysis. However, the respect of the rule of minimum financial balance within the context of SMEs, characterised by the rationing of capital, particularly bank credit, constitutes a new avenue for research. The main aim of this study is to highlight the breaking of the minimum financial balance rule by companies and propose ways of financing the long and medium term needs of SMEs in a context of excessive rationing of bank credit in order to obtain a balanced financial structure. In order to highlight the sources of financing for the long and medium-term needs of SMEs, a simple random sampling method was used. The researcher collected data from two surveys, the first based on the observation of 100 Cameroonian SMEs, from 2017 to 2023, in which we focus on the frequencies of the alternative methods of financing the assets of SMEs. On the data of the second survey performed between 2013 and 2016 on 452 SMEs in Cameroon, the researcher applied a Logit regression to empirically explain the probability of the choice of the mode of financing made in the presence of credit rationing and used the techniques leading to a mode of financing to highlight the modes of financing chosen by SMEs. The sample was made up mainly of companies having 9 years of experience (68.6%). They are followed by SMEs with more than 10 years of survival (28.57%) and those with 5 years (2.85%). The study results show the following modes of financing: For the first survey, equity, savings and loan associations (tontines), assistance from friends and family members, microfinance institutions, intercompany credit, leasing institutions, and bank credit. For the second survey: savings and loan associations, microfinance institutions, intercompany credit, help from friends and family members, contributions of partners, leasing institutions, and the issue of new shares are found as the main modes of financing. The field study reveals that the structure of financing of SMEs violates the rule of minimum financial balance. Therefore, the study proposed ways of enabling SMEs to comply with this rule and ensure their financial safety. These findings can be important in line with the Modigliani and Miller, Myers and Majluf, and Quintart models if the question of the financing of SMEs in the context of excessive credit rationing is to be addressed.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Ndjeck Noé
FSEGA, University of Douala, Cameroon.

 

Eugène Mohe
ENSET, University of Douala, Cameroon.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ebmra/v1/2939

Balance Control and Aging: Examining Increased Attentional Requirements | Chapter 6 | New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 10

As people age, maintaining balance requires greater attentional resources due to sensorimotor changes, making stability increasingly difficult. This often leads older adults to prioritize balance over other tasks, especially when sensory input is reduced or inconsistent, increasing attentional demands. Additional tasks, such as cognitive or motor activities, can strain attentional resources and raise the risk of falls—especially critical as falls are a major cause of injury in older adults. The attentional load required for balance depends on secondary task characteristics, including complexity and sensory demands. For example, a simple motor task like holding an object while walking demands less attention than solving a puzzle while standing. High-demand visual or cognitive tasks can significantly compromise stability by diverting focus from balance. Recognizing these factors aids clinicians in tailoring rehabilitation strategies that support safe postural control. By adjusting attentional demands to each individual’s needs, interventions can reduce fall risks, promote recovery, and enhance the quality of life for the elderly.

 

Author (s) Details

Sachin Gupta
Department of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh- 203201, India.

 

Deepika Singla
Department of Physiotherapy, School of Nursing Sciences and Allied Health, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed to be University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi-110062, India.

 

Vajrala Krishna Reddy
Department of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh- 203201, India.

Ambreen Fatima
Department of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh- 203201, India.

 

Nidhi Singh
Department of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh- 203201, India.

Priya Mahto
Department of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh- 203201, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nvmms/v10/3171

Influence of Body Mass Index on Balance in Healthy Young Adults | Chapter 4 | Advancement and New Understanding in Medical Science Vol. 1

Balance is the capacity to maintain a stable base of support with minimum movement. The balance in the human body is frequently classified as static and dynamic. One of the major influencing factors for maintaining balance in normal healthy individuals is body mass index (BMI). A total of 127 participants, 105 females and 22 males between the age group 18 to 29 years volunteered for study. In the study Normal BMI Group comprises of 70 participants Whereas, Overweight BMI Group consisted of 57 participants. when static balance was compared between subjects with normal and overweight BMIs, the findings revealed a significant difference.

Author(s) Details:

Dhwani Chanpura,
College of Physiotherapy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

Naongmuong A. Chang,
College of Physiotherapy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ANUMS-V1/article/view/13001

Comparison of Incline Plyometric with Plane Plyometric Training on Dynamic Balance and Vertical Jump Performance in Volleyball Athletes: A Randomized Controlled Study| Chapter 7 | Current Innovations in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 6

 The aim of the study search out resolve and equate the effect of prone and plane plyometrics preparation on active balance and vaulting accomplishment in relating to schooling volleyball performers. The study selected a randomized controlled trial design.A total of quadragesimal volleyball sports were picked for the study from the academy crew. They were carelessly detached into two group that is  Inclined plyometric (IP) and plane plyometrics (PP) and contestants seen 6 weeks of plyometric preparation and they were evaluated for active balance and vaulting conduct. The result of the study plans that incline plyometric preparation considerably upgraded the vaulting performance while the active balance shown identical bettering in two together the groups. It is urged that incline plyometric maybe secondhand all the while preparation of volleyball competitors to improve vaulting efficiency.

Author(s) Details:

Saurabh Sharma,
Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitations Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CIMMS-V6/article/view/8615

Linkage between Dizziness and Balance in Vertigo | Chapter 12 | Current Overview on Disease and Health Research Vol. 1

There is a sensory component and a motor component to the vestibular system. The central nervous system (CNS) receives information from the vestibular system, a sensory system, concerning the position and motion of the head as well as the direction of gravity. The CNS makes use of this data as well as data from other sensory systems. The otolith organs can detect tilts in respect to gravity and slowly drifting motions, but only if the movements are linear rather than circular. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between dizziness and balance in BPPV patients using the outcome measures Berg Balance Scale and Dizziness Handicap Inventory. 56 individuals in all were included in the research. between the ages of 18 and 65, both sexes. Possibility of three months of symptoms; mobility from sitting to standing and independent walking. We were able to endure the exercise and do an inquiry that was descriptive, analytical, and correlational. In this study, the dizzy handicap inventory and the berg balance scale were used as outcome measures, and data from patients who underwent a 9-week exercise programme were collected. By measuring the level of correlation between the Berg balance scale and the physical, functional, and emotional components of the DHI subscales and overall DHI score, validity was examined. The study discovered that the balance of BPPV-induced vertigo improved with increasing dizziness improvement, and that the functional aspect of co-relationship is stronger.

Author (s) Details:

S. D. Shahanawaz,
Department of Physiotherapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CODHR-V1/article/view/7434

Investigating the Effects of a Slashpipe Training Intervention on Postural Control Compared to Conventional Barbell Power Fitness | Chapter 12 | Current Practice in Medical Science Vol. 2

Maintaining balance and stability in situations involving your health depends on your ability to manage your posture. Core stability, which is characterised by the capacity to maintain tension in the abdominal and lumbopelvic area and distinguishes between a global and local stability system, is necessary for postural control. Several training methods have been proposed in the past to enhance postural control. One of these concepts is "Slashpipe" training, which entails carrying out workouts using a pipe that is partially filled with liquid that are comparable to those seen in barbell power fitness programmes. The purpose of the study was to investigate how Slashpipe training affected participants' ability to balance. Eleven of the 31 persons we assembled practised with a Slashpipe for eight weeks (intervention group 1, IG-1), Eight of them (intervention group 2, IG-2) had eight weeks of strict weight training, whereas the other eleven received no training (control group, CG). A Posturomed with a two-dimensional sensor was used both before and after the 8-week period to assess single leg postural sway. The outcomes for IG-1 and IG-2 shown a significant improvement. The CG's postural sway remained unchanged. Thus, we found proof that Slashpipe training enhanced stability. Slashpipe could be a helpful training tool to utilise in conjunction with other forms of training, according to the findings of this study.

Author(s) Details:

Nicolas Kurpiers,

Institute of Sport Science, University of Hildesheim, Germany.

Teresa Rovelli,

Institute of Sport Science, University of Hildesheim, Germany.

Christin Bormann,

Institute of Sport Science, University of Hildesheim, Germany.

Tim Vogler,

Centre for Sports Medicine, Germany.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMS-V2/article/view/7351

Economic Studies and Its Activities in Islamic Religion Point of View | Chapter 6 | Modern Perspectives in Economics, Business and Management Vol. 1

 Economic activities, according to Islam, are life's recommendations and demands that include a religious component. There is no difference between the Islamic economic system and other economic systems when only the purpose is considered. This is because all economic systems, including the Islamic economic system, strive to achieve the same goal: to meet varied human needs, both personally and collectively. This monetary gain, according to Islamic economics, is only a conduit for a greater purpose and higher ideal, namely the prosperity of the planet, which prepares it for human life. In general, Islamic economics aspires to benefit the earth and raise human life standards that are decent, just, and balanced between self-interest and others, material and spiritual, and rights and obligations. Apart from the aforementioned goals, Islamic economics attempts to reduce poverty through the use of zakat, infaq, alms, grants, and waqf, as well as productive management.

Author (S) Details

Dr.  Syihabudin
Department of Economy, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Serang, Indonesia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/MPEBM-V1/article/view/2021