Financing Fixed Assets of SMEs in Cameroon: The Rule of Minimum Financial Balance in this Context| Chapter 6 | Economics, Business and Management: Recent Advances Vol. 1

 

The balanced financial structure of firms is not a new issue in financial analysis. However, the respect of the rule of minimum financial balance within the context of SMEs, characterised by the rationing of capital, particularly bank credit, constitutes a new avenue for research. The main aim of this study is to highlight the breaking of the minimum financial balance rule by companies and propose ways of financing the long and medium term needs of SMEs in a context of excessive rationing of bank credit in order to obtain a balanced financial structure. In order to highlight the sources of financing for the long and medium-term needs of SMEs, a simple random sampling method was used. The researcher collected data from two surveys, the first based on the observation of 100 Cameroonian SMEs, from 2017 to 2023, in which we focus on the frequencies of the alternative methods of financing the assets of SMEs. On the data of the second survey performed between 2013 and 2016 on 452 SMEs in Cameroon, the researcher applied a Logit regression to empirically explain the probability of the choice of the mode of financing made in the presence of credit rationing and used the techniques leading to a mode of financing to highlight the modes of financing chosen by SMEs. The sample was made up mainly of companies having 9 years of experience (68.6%). They are followed by SMEs with more than 10 years of survival (28.57%) and those with 5 years (2.85%). The study results show the following modes of financing: For the first survey, equity, savings and loan associations (tontines), assistance from friends and family members, microfinance institutions, intercompany credit, leasing institutions, and bank credit. For the second survey: savings and loan associations, microfinance institutions, intercompany credit, help from friends and family members, contributions of partners, leasing institutions, and the issue of new shares are found as the main modes of financing. The field study reveals that the structure of financing of SMEs violates the rule of minimum financial balance. Therefore, the study proposed ways of enabling SMEs to comply with this rule and ensure their financial safety. These findings can be important in line with the Modigliani and Miller, Myers and Majluf, and Quintart models if the question of the financing of SMEs in the context of excessive credit rationing is to be addressed.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Ndjeck Noé
FSEGA, University of Douala, Cameroon.

 

Eugène Mohe
ENSET, University of Douala, Cameroon.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ebmra/v1/2939

Benign Energy Technologies and Financial Mechanisms for Achieving Net-Zero Emission Hospitals | Chapter 1 | Research Highlights in Science and Technology Vol. 6

 This unit aimed to review the sustainable strength technologies which maybe used in hospitals underrating their carbon emissions on account of energy use as well as review the existent financial tools that can support the investments of clean energy sciences in hospitals. This study is important because it indicates the benign strength technologies that can be secondhand for reducing the carbon footmark in healthcare organizations, helping bureaucracy to increase their energy security, self-reliance and resilience. In order to effectively defeat greenhouse gas diffusions, which are a serious general environmental issue, climate change must be checked. Compared to other organisations, hospitals and healthcare organizations require a lot of strength even if they mostly depend grid electricity and normal fuels.  Published literature indicates that various benign energy sciences have been used in clinics in developed and less-grown countries. These include: a) strength-saving technologies, b) energy from undepletable source technologies, c) low-element emission technologies, and d) sciences related with green conveyance. Most of them are reliable, mature and cost-adept. Their combined use results in lower carbon diffusions in hospitals. Any remaining diffusions can be offset accompanying the existing carbon compensating schemes. Investments in renewable energy sciences in hospitals can be eased by a number of different finance buildings. Conclusion: Hospitals can reduce their net carbon diffusions due to energy use to nothing with the help of a number of secure energy technologies double with carbon-compensating programmes, and the current financial structures can help to ease and fund the necessary energy grants. It should be mentioned that few of the energy technologies noticed in our study, including solar and wind strength technologies, can be secondhand in healthcare facilities only when the energy beginning is available in satisfactory quantities situated near to them. The current study provides to the clean energy transition of clinics reducing their dependence on nonrenewable energy. It indicates that the existing clean strength technologies can support energy remodeling in hospitals in a cost-efficient habit, helping them to advance both environmental and human energy.

Author(s) Details:

John Vourdoubas,
107B El. Venizelou Str., 73132, Chania, Crete, Greece.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHST-V6/article/view/11336

The Cash Flow Concept in Modern Financial Analysis of Internal Sources of Companies’ Investment Financing| Chapter 7 | Current Aspects in Business, Economics and Finance Vol. 7

 In current theories of financial study, a financial approach has been selected which is established the dynamic (modern) coefficients settled from cash flows - cash flow indicators. Some of the fields of their application are capital investments, that largely believe internal sources of funding and the ability of companies to create such sources of expenditure, especially in environments of crisis and insolvency. In this regard, they have distinctive importance for the Republic of Serbia, whose macroeconomic environment is further broken by the current global realm and energy crunch, insolvency, collapse and shutdown of household capacities, and the concentration of capital in the commercial sector. In this study, the focus is on examining the difference 'tween investment capacities established internal sources of outlay established on static and active indicators, in consideration of prove the necessity of requesting dynamic coefficients based on available funds analysis, which are not very accepted in practice in Serbia. The benefits of using the mentioned limits based on the cash flow idea as a modern tool in the research question on the instance of energy all at once of the most important arms of the Serbian economy were examined and resulted.

Achieving a Stable, Adequate, and Sustainable Financing of Primary Education in Nigeria | Chapter 08 | Research Developments in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 4

 It cannot be overstated that elementary school is the bedrock upon which all subsequent levels of education are built. It's also comparable to a building's entrance gate, which regulates who gets in and out. Despite the significance of basic education, financing in Nigeria has been insecure, inadequate, and unsustainable. Over the years, there has been a 'push and pull syndrome' between the three levels of government in primary education (i.e. federal, state, and local). Its financing has also been insufficient to solve its issues, putting the government under financial duress. This research looks at the history of elementary education financing in Nigeria. It focused on the manoeuvring between the federal, state, and local governments, as well as the inadequacies and ineffectiveness of the federal, state, and municipal governments. The financing is not sustainable. Joint financing by the federal, state, and local governments, the introduction of an Education Tax for public employees, increased private sector participation/contributions, enlisting the assistance of old students, organising fundraising activities, engaging in farming production, and ensuring accountability in the management of primary education funds are all suggested as ways to achieve adequate, stable, and sustainable primary education financing.

Author(S) Details

Ige Akindele Matthew
Director of School Services Department, Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDASS-V4/article/view/6998

Financing Strategy in the Agricultural Sector to Achieve Food Sovereignty through the Application of a Subsidy Policy to This Strategic Sector. Case: Mexico | Chapter 9 | New Perspectives in Agriculture and Crop Science Vol. 3

 The agri-food sector is one of the most competitive sectors in the Mexican economy, needing the flow of capital to ensure its profitability in order to grow business ventures. In this sense, 11 projects were analysed, identifying the key components that integrate the business projects, as well as two moments: the one before the operation, which we call the installation, and the moment of the operation itself where negative flows are created before reaching the equilibrium point and the company operates through positive flows after that point. In this regard, sources of funding are defined, which include the subsidy, the flow of resources produced, the participation and financing of venture capital (subsidised or not the finding of a combination of contributions from resources that guarantee the viability of the undertaking is the basis of a viable undertaking, so that the financing is directed towards different concepts of expenditure and their source of financing In this sense, the identification of funding sources based on the expenditure definition is a tool which enables the agricultural manager to recognise and seek to obtain resources in a timely manner and at the lowest cost.

Author(s) Details

Fernando Romero Torres
Faculty of Accounting, Business Administration and Informatics, Autonomous University of Morelos State, UAEM, Mexico.

Dr. Augusto Renato Pérez Mayo

Department of Studies of the Organizations and Sociology of Organizations, Faculty of Accounting, Management and Informatics, The Autonomous University of the State of Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/293