Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterised by multidimensional metabolic dysfunction caused by endothelium and beta cell malfunction, as well as regulatory molecular dysfunction caused by stress, lifestyle, food, and physical inactivity anchored in the insulin signalling network. It is caused by both environmental and genetic changes, which may play a role in the development of secondary disease as a risk barrier for microvascular disorders such coronary artery disease, hypertension, obesity, stroke, and dyslipidemia. It's also worth noting that T2DM is a risk factor for mental illness accompanied by cognitive impairment, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Using integrated multi-omics techniques, new evidence suggests that the interrelationship between metabolic syndrome and mental disorders involves multiple biological interfaces and connectivity. This review summarises that these categories include core omics strategy, genomics, transcriptomic, and proteomics; advanced omics applications, such as nutrigenomics, and metabolomics, to better understand pathobiology in metabolic illness and improve prediction skill set of T2DM with complicated genetic background and heterogeneity traits. Diagnostic indicators such as glucose concentrations and haemoglobin A1c are being employed in the blood to predict the state of metabolic surveillance. The human whole genome sequencing project ushered in the post-genomic era. Diet and lifestyle have exhibited dual qualities to be employed in customised dietary medicine as treatment guidance and precision medicine for health surveillance, both of which are dependent on genetic diversity as illustrated by gene-diet interaction. Molecular-based risk assessment using Omics methods such as nutrigenomics and metabolomics can help forecast and prevent health difficulties caused by environmental risk and exposure in people who have adapted to the new post-industrialized niche.
Author(S) Details
Sylvester Ndimele
Department of Environmental Health Science, School of Health Sciences and Practice, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA.
Miranda L. Carpenter
Department of Environmental Health Science, School of Health Sciences and Practice, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA.
Jae-Hyeon Cho
Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Collegeof Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Korea.
Diane E. Heck
Department of Environmental Health Science, School of Health Sciences and Practice, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA.
Hong Duck Kim
Department of Environmental Health Science, School of Health Sciences and Practice, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA.
View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/ETDHR-V3/article/view/5889
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