Overcoming Barriers to Corporate Training: A Strategic Framework for Success | Chapter 9 | New Advances in Business, Management and Economics Vol. 6

The term “training” pertains to a form of learning that aims to enhance specific job-related skills in an employee’s present position. On the other hand, “development” encompasses a wider range of knowledge and abilities that are geared towards long-term career advancement and progression within an organisation. Organisations face significant challenges in implementing effective training programs. This paper aims to analyse the challenges faced by organisations in implementing effective corporate training programs. It examines common issues such as limited budgets, employee resistance, and difficulty measuring impact. The primary objective of this study is to present a comprehensive framework for addressing persistent training obstacles by doing a thorough analysis of the difficulties, offering evidence-based solutions, and recommending avenues for future improvement. The study employed a qualitative literature review methodology to examine the difficulties encountered in corporate training programmes and suggest potential remedies. A comprehensive analysis was conducted by reviewing more than 40 publications published between 1985 and 2022 to determine the prevailing issues that have been reported in previous studies. To address budget constraints, the paper proposes communicating the return on investment from training. Various metrics for evaluating impact and return on investment are also discussed. To overcome resistance, training needs to be designed as practical and relevant. The implementation of comprehensive needs assessments before the development of training programmes is also essential for achieving favourable outcomes. The paper concludes that adopting a strategic approach targeting the root causes of these challenges can maximise the effectiveness of training in developing employee skills and improving organisational performance. By leveraging suitable resources, implementing well-structured programmes, and establishing quantifiable outcomes, firms may maximise the advantages derived from efficient employee training and development. Future research should explore the optimal strategies used by industries that have successfully implemented training and development initiatives.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Zion Lee
American Management University, Paris, France.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nabme/v6/5114

Public-Private Partnerships and Digital Transformation: A New Approach to Local Development in Tunisia | Chapter 8 | New Advances in Business, Management and Economics Vol. 6

Nowadays, faced with various challenges, the territory is at the heart of every development strategy. Indeed, it represents the focus of public action, a domain where institutional and non-institutional policymakers, as well as development practitioners, contribute. Local development relies on its ability to improve living standards within territories and enhance their economic attractiveness to foreign investments. However, achieving this goal requires the implementation of a set of tools that integrate managerial, relational, and legislative dimensions. These tools are closely linked to innovation and the ability of local authorities to leverage technologies, particularly Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). Digitalisation plays a crucial role in transforming territories by strengthening their attractiveness at various levels, simplifying administrative procedures, and fostering social cohesion.

 

In this context, digital technology has become central to the modernisation strategy of the Tunisian administration. Various initiatives have been launched to bring public services closer to citizens, enhance procedural transparency, and combat corruption. This chapter examines the relationship between digital innovation and local development, emphasising the impact of this dynamic on territorial transformation. To achieve this, theoretical proposals have been developed to better understand this relationship. The study adopts an interpretivist paradigm underpinned by an abductive reasoning approach. Given the multifaceted nature of digital transformation in local governance, the aim is to develop a nuanced understanding of how digitalisation is affecting local development in Tunisia. To address the complexity of the subject matter, an exploratory qualitative methodology has been employed, integrating both primary and secondary data sources to capture a comprehensive view of the ongoing transformation.

 

The findings reveal several obstacles hindering the effectiveness of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) based on digital innovation. Nevertheless, efficient management of digital resources can have a significant impact on local and territorial development, particularly within the Tunisian context. In the public sector, the adoption of digital tools is a pivotal element for administrative success. For digital transformation to effectively bridge the gap between administration and citizens, it requires strong leadership commitment. The conclusion provides valuable insights into development models in a state undergoing transformation. While the adoption of digital technologies in Tunisia, especially through PPPs, has demonstrated substantial benefits in terms of economic and administrative efficiencies, there remains a critical need for ongoing research to refine the measures of innovation and better understand the interplay between resource mobilisation, innovation, and territorial development.

 

Author (s) Details

Cyrine BAHR
Department of Management Sciences, Faculty of Economics and Management, University of Tunis, unisia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nabme/v6/5272

Selection Criteria Optimisation for Ankole Beef Cattle: Productivity Enhancement Strategies in Kwimba, Tanzania | Chapter 7 | New Advances in Business, Management and Economics Vol. 6

Beef is among the animal proteins most consumed by the rapidly growing population of urban dwellers in sub-Saharan Africa. Beef productivity improvement is crucial because ruminant production currently faces challenges of depleting production resources and growing concerns about raising methane emissions, but at the same time required to feed the growing human population. Ankole cattle, which belong to the Sanga group, have been among the native breeds considered for crossbreeding. Economic and animal performance data were collected from the Ankole herd of Tanzania Livestock Research Institute (TALIRI)-Lake Zone, and progressive farmers were used to analyse economic values of beef traits. Sequential bio-economic modelling methodology involving the formulation of a profit function was used to estimate economic values of traits influencing investment and revenues of beef production. Primary data were collected on feeding, veterinary drugs, and labour costs were estimated based on the previous production cycle from October 2023 to September 2024. Data analysis was done using the sequential bioeconomic modelling procedure. The procedure went through specification of the production and marketing system, identification of sources of income and costs, determination of biological traits linked to the profitability of beef production and derivation of economic values of the traits. The fecundity trait studied was calving interval, which generated an economic value of 833.15. Developmental traits analysed were age at maturity and age at first calving, which generated economic values of 83.86 and 19, respectively. Weaning weight generated a very high positive economic value of 1496.18, contrary to other studied growth traits (body weight and post-weaning daily gain, which generated economic values of -6.09 and -53.69, respectively). Longevity displayed a negative economic value of the lowest magnitude (-4.03). Therefore, under the prevailing conditions, selection for growth traits, which is normally prioritised in breeding for beef, showed low potential for impacting profitability improvement. Lowering the herd mean for calving interval is among the key productivity enhancement strategies for the farm. It was concluded that, in order to realise the benefits of selection, there is a need to parallel the genetic improvement initiative with strategies for lowering production costs, particularly feed costs. To realise the potential of improving cattle genetics in the Tanzania Lake zone, there is a need to parallel genetic improvement initiatives with initiatives targeting the development of alternative feeding systems for cattle.

 

Author (s) Details

G.L. Chasama
Tanzania Livestock Research Institute, Mabuki, P.O. Box -124, Misungwi, Mwanza, Tanzania.

 

H.F. Massawe
Tanzania Livestock Research Institute, Mabuki, P.O. Box -124, Misungwi, Mwanza, Tanzania.

 

N. Felix
Tanzania Livestock Research Institute, Mabuki, P.O. Box -124, Misungwi, Mwanza, Tanzania.

 

A.C. Mwang’imba
Tanzania Livestock Research Institute, Mabuki, P.O. Box -124, Misungwi, Mwanza, Tanzania.

C.J. Niyoifasha
Tanzania Livestock Research Institute, Mabuki, P.O. Box -124, Misungwi, Mwanza, Tanzania.

A.N. Francis.
Tanzania Livestock Research Institute, Mabuki, P.O. Box -124, Misungwi, Mwanza, Tanzania.

 

P. Rukiko
Tanzania Livestock Research Institute, Mabuki, P.O. Box -124, Misungwi, Mwanza, Tanzania.

 

W.V. Kikoti
Tanzania Livestock Research Institute, Mabuki, P.O. Box -124, Misungwi, Mwanza, Tanzania.

 

A.R. Kamugisha
Tanzania Livestock Research Institute, Mabuki, P.O. Box -124, Misungwi, Mwanza, Tanzania

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nabme/v6/5222

Comparative Efficacies of Insecticides against Rice Gall Midge, Orseolia oryzae (Wood-Mason) Management | Chapter 11 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 2

The Rice Gall Midge (Orseolia oryzae) has been reported as a pest of rice from several Asian countries like Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam. In India, it is a serious pest of irrigated and shallow-water rice ecosystems.  Management of rice gall midge is required in case it reaches above the economic injury level (EIL) and this can be attained through novel insecticides which are important in sustainable agriculture practices. Therefore, a field experiment was carried out to determine the comparative efficacy of newer insecticides with different modes of application. A total 5 insecticidal molecules were selected with their both granular and foliar formulations, viz., Flubendiamide 0.7G, 20 WDG; Cartap hydrochloride 4G, 50 SP; Chlorantraniliprole 0.4G, 18.5 SC; Fipronil 0.3G, 5 SC and Carbofuran 3G as check insecticide, applied at nursery and 25 DAT, 25 DAT and PI to Booting and, Nursery, 25 DAT and PI to Booting stages against rice gall midge, Orseolia oryzae (Wood-Mason) in rice during rabi, 2020-2021. All the treatments were effective for gall midge. Fipronil 0.3G formulation @ 1000 g/ ha at nursery, 20 kg/ ha at 25 DAT and 5 SC @ 1000 ml/ ha at PI to Booting stage (T₁₂) was significantly superior (>80% reduction over control) for gall midge management followed by Carbofuran 3G (T₁₃) @ 2000 g/ ha at nursery and 25 kg/ ha at 25 DAT (>75% reduction). The untreated plots had more silver shoots (6.47% overall silver shoot mean) than other chemical-treated plots. However, among all the treatments, Chlorantraniliprole (T₉) took the lead in the highest yield realization (79.08 q//ha) with a 42% increase over control.

 

Author (s) Details

 

D. Bhavana
Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030, India.

 

S. Malathi
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Malyal, Mahabubabad-506 101, India.

 

N.R.G. Varma
Rice Research Centre, Agricultural Research Institute, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030, India.

 

R. Shravan Kumar
Regional Agricultural Research Station, Warangal-506 007, India.

 

 

T. Kiran Babu
Rice Research Centre, Agricultural Research Institute, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v2/5118

Diversity of Fish Parasites in Assam: Discovery and Description of a New Procamallanus Species Infecting Ailia coila |Chapter 10 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 2

Assam, located in northeast India, is home to rich aquatic resources that sustain local fisheries and contribute significantly to food security and livelihoods. However, fish populations in the region are often hosts to various parasites, impacting both aquatic health and public well-being. This study focuses on helminth parasites affecting fish species in the Barak Valley, Assam, particularly the nematodes of the genus Procamallanus. During an extensive parasitological survey, a new species of nematode, Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) ailiosus n. sp. was discovered in Ailia coila from the Barak River. Morphological analysis was conducted using light microscopy, revealing distinguishing characteristics such as a barrel-shaped buccal capsule with unequal cuticular expansion, 9–10 spiral ridges, and a uniquely structured caudal region. Males exhibited 13 pairs of caudal papillae and a single spicule, while females displayed post-equatorial vulvae with embryonated eggs. The species was compared to existing Procamallanus members, highlighting key morphological distinctions from closely related taxa such as P. (S.) nainitalensis and P. gomtii. Prevalence, abundance, mean density, and infection indices were calculated, with a prevalence rate of 50% in the examined fish. The findings underscore the importance of studying fish parasites in Assam, given their ecological and economic implications. This newly described species expands the knowledge of helminth biodiversity and highlights the necessity of sustainable fisheries management. Further research is required to assess the pathogenic impact of P. (S.) ailiosus n. sp. on local fish populations and its potential consequences for human health.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Keisham Lebanan
Department of Life Science, Rabindranath Tagore University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.

 

Naorem Mohilal
Department of Zoology, Manipur University, Manipur, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v2/5057

Improving Soil Fertility and Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Productivity through Precision Nutrient Management in North Bihar, India | Chapter 9 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 2

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important agricultural crop growing throughout the world. Over the past few decades, fertilizer consumption in India has increased appreciably. Application of fertilizer nutrients by the farmer without knowing the soil fertility status and nutrient requirements of the crop affects soil quality and production crops adversely. Therefore, the aim of the study is to improve wheat productivity through effective nutrient management strategies. The objective of nutrient management strategies was to achieve the required crop yield in an efficient, economical, and sustainable manner. An on-farm trial was conducted during the Rabi seasons of 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 at farmers’ fields in pre-selected ten locations of Muzaffarpur district in North Bihar, considering farmers as replication, in order to assess the fertilizer application based on soil testing for the yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in North Bihar, India. The experimental field had an average soil pH of 8.60, EC of 0.35 dSm^-1, organic carbon of 0.63 percent, nitrogen of 221.33 kg ha^-1, phosphorus of 51.71 kg ha^-1 and potassium of 149.98 kg ha^-1. The results revealed that nutrient management based on soil testing has a statistically significant impact on yield attributes, yield, and economics. The study also confirmed that soil test-based fertilizer application is not only effective in increasing wheat productivity but also in maintaining soil health and optimizing input costs. The highest grain yield of 34.66 and 30.08 q ha^-1 was found significantly in the soil test-based fertilizer application compared to the Recommended Dose of Fertilizer (RDF) (N120-P60-K40) and Farmers Practice (FP); (30.08 q ha^-1). The maximum net return (Rs. 27750 ha^-1) and the B: C ratio (2.61) were found in the fertilizer application based on soil test relative to RDF (N₁₂₀-P₆₀-K₄₀) and FP. Future research should focus on evaluating the long-term impact of soil test-based fertilizer (STBF) application on soil health, nutrient balance, and microbial activity across multiple cropping cycles.

 

Author (s) Details

Kamlesh Kumar Singh
Department of Soil Science, Tirhut College of Agriculture (TCA), Dholi, Muzaffarpur, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur) Bihar - 848125, India.

 

Ajeet Kumar
Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities (CBS&H), Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur)-848125, Bihar, India.

 

S. K. Singh
Department of Soil Science, Tirhut College of Agriculture (TCA), Dholi, Muzaffarpur, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur) Bihar - 848125, India.

 

Rabindra Prasad
Department of Entomology, TCA, Dholi, Muzaffarpur, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur) Bihar - 848125, India.

 

S. K. Gupta
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Saraiya, Muzaffarpur, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur) Bihar – 848125, India.

 

Sunita Kumari
Department of Agronomy, PGCA, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur) Bihar - 848125, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v2/5194

VBiology of Nephus regularis (Sicard) on The Invasive Mealybug, Phenacoccus madeirensis (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) | Chapter 8 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 2

The mealybug Phenacoccus madeirensis (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is an invasive exotic pest with an extensive host of more than 130 genera of host plants from 51 families. P. madeirensis is considered one of the most economically significant pests of many fruits, fibre plants, food crops vegetable crops etc. The nymphal and the adult stages cause damage resulting in the withering and yellowing of the leaves. The plant protection products are not very efficient against mealybugs because they have a waxy coating on their bodies and a tendency to hide in cracks. The present study was carried out during the summer season (March-May 2019) in the laboratory of the AGPM Department, Shivaji University, Kolhapur to investigate the biology of N. regularis  on P. madeirensis under the controlled laboratory conditions (27±2ºC Temperature and 65± 5% RH). The observed mean pre-oviposition period of N. regularis  was 3.4 ± 1.07 days, whereas the recorded oviposition period was 32.6 ± 2.59 days. The post oviposition period of 20.4 ± 1.07 days was observed. The average egg-laying of 92.7 ± 8.41 eggs/ female was also noticed. The recorded mean incubation period was 5.2 ± 0.5 and the larval period lasted for about 10-13 days. The mean duration of pre-pupae and pupae was 1.5 ± 0.7 and 6.5 ± 0.8 days, respectively. The average longevity of male and female beetles noticed was 47.1 ± 1.7 and 58.4 ± 2.16 days, respectively.

 

Author (s) Details

 

S. V. Nandudkar
Department of Agrochemicals and Pest Management, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, MS, India.

 

M. V. Santhakumar
Department of Zoology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, MS, India.

 

S. S. Chavan
Department of Agrochemicals and Pest Management, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, MS, India.

 

A. D. Jadhav
BVS, LMK, College of Agriculture Kadegaon, Sangli, MS., India.

 

 Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v2/4725

Snake Plant: A Multifunctional Indoor Plant | Chapter 7 |Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 2

Medicinal plants are beneficial for a wide range of ailments. Approximately 25% of all prescription medications are derived from plants, and over three-quarters of the population relies on medicines that come from these medicinal plants. The Dracaena trifasciataPrain, characterized by its snake-like, sharp-edged leaves, is also referred to as “viper’s bowstring hemp” because it serves as a source of plant fibers used in making bowstrings. The study aims to review the multifunctional properties of the snake plant. The name Sansevieria is derived from Duke Raimondo di Sangro, the Prince of Sansevero in Italy. Commonly referred to as the snake plant or mother-in-law's tongue, there are over 100 species within this genus that originate from tropical regions of Africa. In Chinese culture, the snake plant is regarded as one of the fortunate plants believed to bring good luck, having been cultivated and valued even before the Chinese Ti plant (Dracaena spp.), also known as good luck bamboo. This perennial herb features stiff, decorative leaves. Sansevieria is recognized as the most resilient decorative plant, able to thrive in the least favorable growing conditions. Its hardiness makes it a perfect option for apartment residents who typically struggle with houseplants due to lighting challenges. The snake plant is a timeless and adaptable indoor plant with sword-like foliage. It is great for those who may forget to care for plants and is considered one of the best indoor air purifiers, also known to eliminate significant quantities of benzene, formaldehyde, trichloroethylene, and toluene. Placing Sansevieria trifasciata in an office environment can lower CO2 levels by 10.47% to 19.29%. Dracaena trifasciata Prain is reported to be rich in phytochemicals like phenolic compounds, amino acids, alkaloids, cyanogenic glycosides and organic acids. These bioactive compounds are found in leaves, stems, flowers, fruits and roots of the plants. Moreover, it has demonstrated various pharmacological properties, including analgesic, anti-diarrheal, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-diabetic effects. The air-cleaning benefits of Dracaena trifasciata are discussed in this review. Future research should focus on optimizing the air-purifying capabilities of indoor plants and addressing the drawbacks associated with their use. Use in the interior of the house, at present days some individuals and offices use this plant in interior places for purifying the air. Where some of the present generation people give importance to the oxygen concept. The awareness of the plant by the people is making them adopt the requirements appropriately.

 

Author (s) Details

Gaurav F. Nikam
Department of Pharmacognosy, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Maharashtra, India.

 

Sakshi D. Bagade
Department of Pharmacognosy, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Maharashtra, India.

 

Sapana T. Yadav

Department of Pharmacognosy, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Maharashtra, India.

 

Harshal S. Singh
Department of Pharmacognosy, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Maharashtra, India.

 

Christopher B. Lobo
Department of Pharmacognosy, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Maharashtra, India.

 

Sanket P. Shinde
Department of Quality Assurance Techniques, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Maharashtra, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v2/5058

Sugarcane Root Distribution in the Soil Profile at the White Nile Sugar Estate Plantation | Chapter 12 | Agricultural Sciences: Techniques and Innovations Vol. 1

The plant root system depth is crucial as it determines the potential depth of soil available for water and nutrient uptake by the crop. When roots are shallow, the plants can only take water from a small depth of soil; later, as the roots grow, roots can take water from an increasing depth of soil. Consequently, the interval of irrigation water should be applied frequently at the young stage and in long intervals at the end of the season. Accordingly, the root system distribution of the sugarcane crop was studied for the plant cane and ratoon crop at the three developmental stages at the White Nile Sugar Company fields. The study revealed that, the rooting depths of plant cane in the first season (2011/2012) for the development (DEV), middle (MID) and maturity (MAT) stages were 40, 50 and 50 cm, respectively, and in the ratoon crop in the second season (2012/2013) the rooting depths for the consecutive stages were 40, 40 and 50 cm.

 

Author (s) Details

Muataz Shareif Mohammed Ali
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, EL-Imam EL-Mahdi University, P.O. Box 209, Kosti, Sudan.

 

Mukhtar Ahmed Mustafa
Department of Soil Science and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Shambat, Sudan.

 

Amir Bakheit Saeed
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Shambat, Sudan.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/asti/v1/5217

Economic Analysis of the Impact of Changes in Cropping Patterns in the Parbhani District of Maharashtra, India: A Markov Chain Approach | Chapter 11 | Agricultural Sciences: Techniques and Innovations Vol. 1

The cropping pattern plays a vital role in determining the level of agricultural production and reflects the agricultural economy of a region. A change in cropping pattern implies a change in the proportion of area under different crops. The present investigation examines structural changes in the cropping pattern in Parbhani district of Maharashtra, utilising secondary time-series data on crop areas from 2013-14 to 2022-23. Markov chain analysis is a stochastic process that describes transitions from one state to another in a chain-like process. By applying Markov Chain analysis, the study evaluates shifts in cropping patterns by analysing transitions in the area allocated to different crops over time to reveal significant trends through the Transition Probability Matrix (TPM). Soybean and jowar retained the largest area shares. Hence, the area under these crops was stable, while sugarcane and soybean emerged as major area gainers, often at the expense of wheat, maize, mung, and safflower. The findings highlight soybean and sugarcane's economic viability and adaptability to local conditions. The sharp decline in traditional crops such as wheat and maize, despite their historical prominence in the region, signals a transformation in agricultural priorities. This trend points toward the need for policy intervention to address food security concerns. This analysis underscores the importance of crop selection for economic resilience and sustainable agricultural practices in the region.

 

Author (s) Details

Serene Toppo
Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture, VNMKV, Parbhani, 431402 (MS.), India.

 

R.V. Chavan
Post Graduate Institute, College of Agri-Business Management, Chakur, VNMKV, Parbhani, 431402 (MS.), India.

 

S.V. Bharti
Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture, VNMKV, Parbhani, 431402 (MS.), India.

 

S. Sangeeta Kumari
Department of Agricultural Economics, RPCAU, Pusa, 848125, Bihar, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/asti/v1/4313

Integrating Modern and Intelligent Approaches with Efficiency for Soil Nutrient Deficiency Detection | Chapter 10 | Agricultural Sciences: Techniques and Innovations Vol. 1

The essentiality of soil health to the vitality of our planet cannot be overstated. This complex ecosystem teems with microscopic organisms and vital nutrients that foster the growth of plants, feeding into the cycle of life that sustains us all. The application of intelligent technologies, particularly artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), in detecting soil nutrient deficiencies is revolutionising modern agriculture. While traditional soil nutrient analysis methods are effective, they are often costly, time-consuming, and lack real-time insights. Emerging intelligent approaches overcome these limitations by providing rapid, accurate assessments, enabling precise and timely fertilisation. Case studies, such as those of Indian startups CropIn and Fasal, illustrate the successful implementation of AI-driven solutions, leading to improved crop yields, optimised fertiliser use, and enhanced sustainability. This article explores current advancements, ongoing research, and future prospects, emphasising AI’s role not only in detection but also in predictive nutrient management. Additionally, it outlines a roadmap for farmers and stakeholders, guiding them in adopting these technologies by understanding their potential, selecting appropriate tools, and fostering a culture of innovation. Overall, integrating intelligent approaches into soil nutrient management paves the way for a more efficient, sustainable, and economically viable agricultural future. For successful adoption, farmers and stakeholders must embrace change, leverage available resources, and seek continuous learning and collaboration.

 

Author (s) Details

Pranav Raj
Banaras Hindu University, India.

 

 Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/asti/v1/4722

Increasing Agricultural Productivity by Building Capacity among Peasants in Mbozi District, Tanzania | Chapter 9 | Agricultural Sciences: Techniques and Innovations Vol. 1

Capacity building in the agriculture sector is crucial for Tanzania because the sector has been playing an important role as a key driver for the economic growth of the nation since its independence. Different strategies for capacity building have been adopted by the country to raise agricultural productivity. Numerous studies have looked into capacity-building tactics and how they affect agricultural output. However, little is known about how capacity building might increase agricultural output in developing nations. This study provided an opportunity to examine capacity building and how it affects Tanzanian agricultural productivity. It specifically examined the association between capacity building and agricultural productivity in Mbozi District, identified the strategies for capacity building for agricultural productivity in Mbozi District and underlined the mechanisms through which capacity building translates into productivity gains in Tanzania, a case of Mbozi District. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used in the study's data collection and analysis. The primary data was collected by administering questionnaires to 300 (200 males and 100 females) peasants in November 2020. Interviews, observations, and an examination of documents were used to gather data.

 

The Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 20, was used to examine descriptive and inferential statistics gathered from 300 peasants. Qualitative data was analysed using a content analysis approach, which aided in quantitative data measurement and reasoning. With the employment of contemporary farming, harvesting, and storage techniques, capacity building affects agricultural productivity, according to a p-value of 0.000. The study revealed that inadequate or absent capacity-building strategies contribute to low productivity, while well-implemented strategies—including training in modern farming, harvesting, and storage techniques—lead to substantial improvements. The study also revealed that knowledge of agricultural production among peasants was low, and that is why productivity remains low despite enough fertile soil in the district. The observations also showed that strategies like training and farm field schools were insufficient in the region due to the large number of peasants. This was mostly remarked in the rural areas in the sense that many strategies were more centred in the urban areas compared to rural areas, with a large number of peasants and endowed with much potential for production. Stakeholders advocate the use of the best seeds, skills on edaphic factors, equipment, farm field schools, and research and workshops as strategies in capacity building. In addition, the involvement of academia, researchers, and political leaders increased agricultural productivity. These results imply that raising productivity requires a combination of different individuals, private and public institutions. Therefore, capacity building is inevitable among peasants in order to raise productivity. It is recommended that impact assessment be incorporated because it helps in reviewing and amending land and agricultural policies. Online training is recommended as an alternative to the shortage of trainers to build capacity among more peasants.

 

Author (s) Details

David Msokwe
Tanzania Institute of Accountancy (TIA), Tanzania.

 

Florence Sitima
Tanzania Institute of Accountancy (TIA), Tanzania.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/asti/v1/5224

VInvestigating Soil Fertility Dynamics in Expanding Agricultural Regions of Iraq’s Western Desert | Chapter 8 | Agricultural Sciences: Techniques and Innovations Vol. 1

The world’s population now stands at 7 billion and could exceed 9 billion in 2050, leading to an increase in demand for world food. The total area of the land includes marginal lands, such as deserts, high mountains, swamps, and arable areas. Sustainable management of soil has become a necessity. Agricultural expansion is the main pillar for increasing agricultural production and for agricultural development, with multiple mechanisms and successive implementation procedures. The agricultural expansion plans for any area require a scientific study of all land resources, economic and social conditions, water resources, soil fertility, climatic conditions, optimum utilisation and mapping of the fertility status of the study areas. The objective of this study is to evaluate some of the desert soils to be developed in the future and to know the critical boundaries of the available major nutrients and some minor elements, and to make recommendations that guide investment operations and agricultural expansion in western Iraq. The preparation of such studies requires a field survey of these resources based on previous studies in soil and geology. Therefore, the current work is an attempt to develop a database on these soils in the case of future investment. The study included the implementation of a survey of the culture in the period from February 2012 to January 2013 for three areas within the Western desert environment: Dum Al Ksfa, Dum Al Shamia and Dum Gbab Western: 11,480, 27,120, 140,840 square dunam, respectively. Morphological, physical and chemical tests of the surface layer soil samples for more than 10 auger holes for each site and three pedons representing each region were studied. In addition climate change during all months of the year was monitored. The study concluded that, based on the climatic data of the study areas, soil moisture is present in the dry climate of the Torric moisture regime, and the temperature of the soil within the hyperthermic range belongs to the soil of the study area to the Ardisols. The pH of the soil was slightly alkaline. The salinity of the soil of the study areas was that the soil of the Dum Al Shamia and Dum Gbab western area was normal. The average values of the major nutrients include total nitrogen (0.4- g/kg 0.6) and phosphorus (1.38-6.7mg.kg^-1) and potassium (0.31-0.4cmol kg^-1) and iron (0.5 mg/l), zinc (0.2^-1.1 mg/l) copper (0.5-0.7 mg/l). Organic carbon was low in all regions under international critical limits. The soil in the region has a marginal potential for agricultural production, given the dry conditions and difficulty of agricultural exploitation in desert soils. The use of management methods will improve agricultural productivity and optimal production. Therefore, this study focuses on three areas within the Western Desert of Iraq. These areas were chosen for the study, with all possible recommendations for the conservation of arable land, which is one of the most scarce resources. However, a more detailed study and analysis of the studied soil should be undertaken to complement reliable results and to establish a database of land resources for the study area to assist decision-makers in developing sustainable agricultural development plans for the future.

 

Author (s) Details

AbdulKarem A. M. Alalwany
Center for Desert Studies, Anbar University, Iraq.

 

Oqba Nafia Abdulaziz Al-Shaye’
College of Pharmacy, University of Anbar, Iraq.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/asti/v1/4959

Farmers' Producer Organisations in India: A Critical Examination of Growth, Current Status, and Policy Needs | Chapter 7 | Agricultural Sciences: Techniques and Innovations Vol. 1

Agriculture plays an important role in India, but it faces various challenges. A large number of farmers in India have small and marginal holdings of less than two hectares, which is linked to the increasing fragmentation of land. Many institutional policies aim to improve farmers’ livelihoods to mitigate the disadvantages of land fragmentation. These measures include the formation of Primary Agricultural Cooperative Society (PACS), Self-Help Group (SHG), Joint Liability Group (JLG) and Common Interest Group (CIG). However, there are limitations to these initiatives, as they often provide considerably more managerial control and influence to a locally powerful individual. Moreover, Indian farmers are proficient producers but face significant challenges in marketing their products due to a lack of access to markets in rural areas, limited awareness of other markets and poor marketing skills to meet demand in accordance with price fluctuations. In response, Farmers Producer Organisations (FPOs) have emerged as pivotal entities aimed at integrating smallholders into mainstream markets. FPOs are collectives of farmers with formal structures and shared goals. The primary aim of FPOs is to diversify high-value crops, help the most disadvantaged people to enhance their access to credit and information services, encourage group efforts and public-private partnerships, open up access to the global market, enable quicker and better prices for produce, and improve supply chain organisation. This paper considered the Scopus database using the Boolean keyword "Farmer" AND "Producer organisation" and identified articles that were shortlisted after screening using the PRISMA framework. While previous studies have offered insights into various aspects of FPOs, there remains a significant lack of cohesive analysis integrating historical trends, current challenges and future policy directions. This study aims to review the efficiency of Farmers Producer Organisations in India, focusing on their evolution, current challenges, and future policy directions.

 

Author (s) Details

A. Malaisamy
Department of Agricultural Economics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore – 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

A. Yazhini
Department of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai – 625 104, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Raswanthkrishna M
Department of Computer Science and Engineering (AI), Amrita University, Coimbatore- 641 112, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

 Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/asti/v1/4708

Phytochemical Composition, Toxicity and Effects of Sphenostylis marginata Aqueous Root Extract on Oxygen Consumption Rate in Oreochromis niloticus Fingerlings: A Comprehensive Study | Chapter 10 | Chemistry and Biochemistry: Research Progress Vol. 5

Introduction: Fish has always been an important part of the human diet due to its natural availability and nutritional value. With the advent of population growth, the consumer demand for fish has exponentially increased. To meet increasing demand, new methods such as netting, spearfishing, angling, and trapping were developed in Africa for catching fish. In established modern fishing fleets, these methods are well-regulated to avoid overfishing as well as consideration for sustainability and environmental impact. Sphenostylis marginata is a plant in the family Fabaceae and native to many parts of Africa. It is used as a wild vegetable, in folk medicine, as a fetish plant, food additive, and for harvesting fish. Small-scale fishermen in selected parts of Zambia use the crushed roots of this plant to harvest fish for consumption. Published data suggest that phytochemicals present in fish toxins and the lethal concentration have a major role to play in the ability of fish to utilize dissolved oxygen. Phytochemical screening and lethal concentration (LC50) of fish toxins are the initial tests required to discover their bioactive profile and short-term poisoning potential.

 

Objective: To determine the effects of S. marginata on dissolved oxygen consumption rate in Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings.

 

Materials and Methods: An interventional approach was used to determine the effects of different concentrations of the aqueous root extract of S. marginata on dissolved oxygen consumption rate (DOCR) in Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings. The fresh root of S. marginata was collected from the Muchinga escarpment in the Mpika district of Zambia, while the crude stem methanol extract of the positive control Albizia versicolor was collected from the University of Zambia’s Biology department. The studied plant was examined, identified, extracted, and concentrated using the Yamato DC401/801 Neo Cool freeze drier. Phytochemical screening was carried out, and toxicity studies were performed to establish the LC50. Dissolved oxygen was measured using a calibrated 86031 AZ waterproof IP67 combo water quality tester for O. niloticus fingerlings in the presence of S. marginata and the positive control. Dissolved oxygen results were used to calculate dissolved oxygen consumption rates. Comparisons of dissolved oxygen consumption rate results between the study plant and the positive control were made using a two-sample t-test for unequal variances in IBM SPSS Statistics version 20. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of temperature, salinity, and pH for both plants was performed. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The Least Significant Difference (LSD) was used as a post hoc test to determine where the differences lie in statistically significant results.

 

Results: Phytochemical screening of S. marginata revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, sterols, flavonoids, tannins, and glycosides. From experimental results, 200 mg/L of S. marginata was required to cause mortality in 50% of O. niloticus in 3 hours (LC50). Calculations from the arithmetic method of Karber showed the LC50 of 210 mg/L, while graphical approximations using RS statistical software estimated a lethal concentration of 221.6 mg/L at ± 15.4 standard error with lower and upper limits of 186.1 and 257.2, respectively. Fingerlings mortality increased with the increase in concentration of the extract, accompanied by induced behavioral changes like rapid swimming, gasping for oxygen, vertical swimming, and loss of balance. The study plant affected the ability of O. niloticus fingerlings to utilize dissolved oxygen in a concentration-dependent response, and the mean dissolved oxygen consumption rate of S. marginata was significantly lower than the positive control A. versicolor (-0.7075 mg/L/hr. and -0.2675 mg/L/hr, respectively). Both plant did not affect the solution parameters pH, temperature, and salinity.

 

Conclusion: In conclusion, the root extract of S. marginata affects the ability of O. niloticus fingerlings to utilize dissolved oxygen with a characteristic concentration-dependent response. The plant does not affect pH, temperature, and salinity. S. marginata contains the phytochemicals tannins, saponins, sterols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and glycosides, highlighting its potential for exploitation as a cholesterol-lowering, antitumor, antimicrobial, promoting wound healing, and anti-diabetic.

 

Author (s) Details

Brian Mukuka
Faculty of Health Sciences, Chreso University, P.O. Box 37178, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.

 

James Nyirenda
Department of Chemistry, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.

 

Rehana Omar
Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 50110, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.

 

Mony Narayani
Faculty of Health Sciences, Chreso University, P.O. Box 37178, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.

 

Gibson Sijumbila
School of Medicine, Mulungushi University, P.O. Box 80415, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cbrp/v5/5068

vStudy and Estimation of Hardness of Water by pH-Metric Titration Method | Chapter 8 | Chemistry and Biochemistry: Research Progress Vol. 5

The hardness of water is one of the most important parameters of water quality. The hardness of water arises primarily due to the presence of a profuse amount of Ca²⁺ and Mg₂₊ ions in the natural water resources. The complexometric titration method is a prevalent technique in estimating the concentrations of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ and  ions individually, which are primarily responsible for the hardness of water. However, the method needs two external indicators to mark the endpoints of titrations. Furthermore, accuracy of the method is sacrificed due to inevitable parallax errors during marking of the endpoint of titration. This present work proposes a novel technique to estimate the concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions of a given water sample. Two different hard water samples are prepared to estimate the hardness of water by pH-Metric Titration Method.

 

This present work reports that during titration of a hard water sample with a complexing agent (here, Na2 EDTA solution), pH changes continuously. This change in pH is closely monitored and recorded graphically. The recorded data reveals two distinct linear regions with significantly different slopes, indicating the titration endpoint. The neutralization volume, thus obtained, is used to estimate Ca- and Mg- hardness of the water sample separately. This novel technique obviates the use of any external indicators and eliminates any possible parallax error. Besides conventional spectroscopic and volumetric titration methods, this novel method is believed to be useful to monitor other chemical reactions accurately, exploring future research works. This pH- metric study is expected to have potential in the development of analytical chemistry and chemical processes related to industry.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Abhijit Mallick
Department of Engineering Science (Chemistry), Academy of Technology, P.O. Aedconagar, Adisaptagram, District- Hooghly, 712121, West Bengal, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cbrp/v5/5054

Plant-Based Activated Carbons for Cobalt and Strontium Removal: Insights into Adsorption Mechanisms | Chapter 8 | Chemical and Materials Sciences: Research Findings Vol. 2

Aims: To investigate the adsorption behavior of Co(II) and Sr(II) ions on the surface of plant-based activated carbons (obtained from walnut shells (CA-N) and apple wood (CA-M), and modified by oxidation with nitric acid and nitric acid/urea mixture).

Methodology: Activated carbons were chemically modified using nitric acid (sample CA-Mox) and a nitric acid/urea mixture (samples CA-Mox-u, CA-Nox-u). Their physicochemical properties were characterized through nitrogen adsorption isotherms, SEM-EDX, FTIR spectroscopy, pH metric titrations, Boehm titration, and elemental analysis. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the removal efficiency of Co(II) and Sr(II) ions over a pH range of 2–10. Kinetic models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, intraparticle diffusion) and isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin–Radushkevich, Temkin-Pyzhev) were applied to study adsorption mechanisms and estimate maximum adsorption capacities.

Results: On the surface of activated carbons the following functional groups have been identified: strongly acidic groups (CA-Mox, 0.95 meq/g; CA-Mox-u, 0.44 meq/g; CA-Nox-u, 0.32 meq/g) and weakly acidic and phenolic groups, while the pH_pzc value of the studied activated carbons increase as follows:
CA-Mox (2.3) < CA-Mox-u (3.3) < CA-Nox-u (3.9) < CA-M (6.9) < CA-N (8.3).

The results of batch experiments indicate that maximum adsorption can be achieved in broad pH ranges: 4–8 for Co(II) and 4–10 for Sr(II). The maximum adsorption capacities of Co(II) and Sr(II) on oxidized activated carbons at pH = 4 are: CA-Mox, 0.085 and 0.076 mmol/g; CA-Mox-u, 0.056 and 0.041 mmol/g; and CA-Nox-u, 0.041 and 0.034 mmol/g, respectively.

The experimental data are best described by the pseudo-second kinetic model, suggesting that the adsorption of metal ions (cobalt(II) and strontium(II)) onto oxidized activated carbons is based on chemisorption. The constants determined for the Freundlich and Langmuir models and the energy values estimated by Dubinin–Radushkevich demonstrate that the adsorption process of strontium(II) and cobalt(II) ions onto oxidized activated carbons is favorable and dominated by chemisorption of the energetically homogenous surface in the modeled system.

Conclusion: The investigations highlight the important role of the solution pH, of the activated carbons' functional groups, and the pH_pzc value for the adsorption process of cobalt(II) and strontium(II) ions. By summarizing the obtained results, the adsorption mechanisms of toxic metal ions on activated carbons were proposed.

 

 

Author (s) Details

Raisa Nastas
Institute of Chemistry of Moldova State University, 3, Academiei Str. Chisinau, MD-2028, Republic of Moldova.

 

Irina Ceban
Institute of Chemistry of Moldova State University, 3, Academiei Str. Chisinau, MD-2028, Republic of Moldova.

 

Tudor Lupascu
Institute of Chemistry of Moldova State University, 3, Academiei Str. Chisinau, MD-2028, Republic of Moldova.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsrf/v2/5160

 

Estimation of Manganese in Ferromanganese Slag | Chapter 7 | Chemical and Materials Sciences: Research Findings Vol. 2

Leaching of manganese from ferromanganese slag (Garividi, Vizianagram Dt.) was effectively done by using both hydrochloric and perchloric acid solutions. It was noticed that the rate of leaching is more temperature sensitive and dependent on the nature of the acid solution used in these studies.

 

Solvent extraction of manganese [Mn (II)] by tri-n-octylamine (TOA) dissolved in xylene from hydrochloric and perchloric acid media has been carried out. Extractions are nearly quantitative from both acid solutions. The effect of concentrations of acid, metal, and TOA and diluent on the extraction has been studied. Maximum efficiency is obtained with xylene as diluent. Stripping of manganese from the organic phase was quantitatively achieved with 1.0M HNO₃. The extracted species was also identified as [Mn X₂. (2TOA)], (X=chloride or perchlorate).

 

Attempts made for the estimation of manganese were successful in the presence of other metals and impurities usually associated with ferromanganese slag.

 

Author (s) Details

A.V.L.N.S.H. HARIHARAN
Department of Chemistry, GIS, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam – 530 045, India.

 

K.Y. KARUNA
Department of Chemistry, GIS, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam – 530 045, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsrf/v2/5174

Transforming Lecturers for Evolving Education: Addressing the Knowledge and Skills Gap in Education 5.0 Era | Chapter 12 | Quality Assurance Practices for Transformative Higher Education in Southern Africa

Education 5.0 reaffirms the primacy of universities, polytechnics, teachers’ colleges and industrial training colleges in economic growth, technological transfer and generation of new knowledge. The paper examines the knowledge and skills gap among lecturers in the context of Education 5.0, an era defined by its emphasis on the integration of teaching, research, community service, innovation and industrialisation. The study argues that without targeted professional development and support, lecturers may struggle to meet the expectations of a modernised curriculum. Through a synthesis of literature and practical insights, the study proposes a framework for transforming lecturer competencies that aligns with the goals of Education 5.0. The framework explores strategic interventions, including continuous professional development programs, pedagogical innovation, and technological integration, which enhance lecturer proficiency. Best practices from higher teacher education institutions illustrate effective transformation strategies, ensuring quality teacher preparedness for 21st-century learning. Through an examination of the current educational reforms and the associated challenges faced by lecturers, this chapter sets the stage for a deeper understanding of the transformation required within teacher education in Zimbabwe. In conclusion, the Education 5.0 era presents transformative opportunities for the higher education sector, driven by the five tenets of teaching, research, community engagement, innovation and industrialisation.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Mudzengerere Dadirayi
Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education, Zimbabwe.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49729-81-0/CH12

Redefining Higher Education Quality Assurance in Southern Africa through the Infusion of Artificial Intelligence | Chapter 11 | Quality Assurance Practices for Transformative Higher Education in Southern Africa

 The infusion of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into various spheres of life, including education for sustainable development, has revolutionised key pillars of higher education such as teaching, community service, research, innovation, and industrialisation. This chapter focuses on redefining quality assurance (QA) in Southern Africa’s (Angola, Botswana, Eswatini (Swaziland), Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe) higher education by embedding AI into its systems. It emphasises the importance of conceptualising AI within the framework of QA processes in higher education. Central to this chapter is an exploration of the transformative impact of AI on curriculum development in higher education. Thus, AI is revolutionising QA by introducing innovative methods and tools such as AI-Powered Test Automation, predictive analytics, root cause analysis, security and compliance, etc., that enhance efficiency, accuracy, and adaptability. The chapter further investigates how AI enhances compliance and quality checks in educational institutions. Ethical considerations tied to the use of AI in QA processes are also critically analysed. By contributing to ongoing debates and discussions, this chapter reinforces the growing necessity of integrating AI into higher education systems, with particular attention to QA.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Chikuvadze Pinias
Department of Curriculum & Educational Management Studies, Bindura University of Science Education, Zimbabwe.

 

Mhishi Misheck
Department of Curriculum & Educational Management Studies, Bindura University of Science Education, Zimbabwe.

 

Dziva Daimond
Department of Curriculum & Educational Management Studies, Bindura University of Science Education, Zimbabwe.

 

Makuvire Claretah
Department of Curriculum & Educational Management Studies, Bindura University of Science Education, Zimbabwe.

Chikerema Teres
Department of Curriculum & Educational Management Studies, Bindura University of Science Education, Zimbabwe.

 

Machona Liberty
Department of Quality Assurance, Africa University, Zimbabwe.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49729-81-0/CH11

Bridging Higher Education Skills for Transformation in Southern Africa | Chapter 10 | Quality Assurance Practices for Transformative Higher Education in Southern Africa

A gap exists between acquired skills and the labour market in Africa. This chapter aimed to bridge the gap between learning outcomes and real-world skills to achieve Aspiration 1 of the African Union Agenda 2063. This chapter unveiled forms of assessment that are summative and formative in tertiary institutions. It also identified examinations, quizzes and projects or take-home assignments as examples of continuous assessment commonly used in assessing students in tertiary institutions, though they are associated with unethical practices in various tertiary institutions. The chapter marked the importance of feedback loops, curriculum evaluation and modification and the much-needed quality assurance in the teaching and learning process. The author used documentary analysis and online platforms to gather information. It was then discovered by the author that feedback loops are missing in tertiary institutions, which might have an impact on the promotion of innovation and creativity skills to achieve the African Union Agenda 2063.

 

Author (s) Details

Kunatsa Gilbert
Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education, Zimbabwe.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49729-81-0/CH10

From Consultation to Collaboration: Harnessing Stakeholder Involvement for Innovation in Higher Education | Chapter 9 | Quality Assurance Practices for Transformative Higher Education in Southern Africa

This chapter explores the shift from traditional consultation to active collaboration in higher education to foster innovation and adapt to evolving industry and societal needs. Traditionally, higher education institutions have engaged stakeholders through various consultation mechanisms (i.e., surveys, advisory boards, etc.). While valuable, these mechanisms often fail to fully leverage stakeholder expertise in shaping institutional strategy and curriculum. This chapter argues that true innovation in higher education requires moving towards a more collaborative model, where stakeholders co-create solutions, share knowledge and engage in decision making. Using document analysis, case studies were drawn from Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus and JSTOR to articulate the importance of collaboration, the evolution of stakeholder involvement in higher education, alignment of the curriculum with industry needs, interdisciplinary approaches to problem solving and accelerated innovation. It also looks at key strategies for fostering collaboration, such as creating partnerships, incorporating diverse stakeholder feedback and leveraging digital platforms. This chapter also emphasises empowering stakeholders to take an active role in educating pupils about the intricacies of contemporary human capital.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Dangarembwa George
University of the Free State South Africa, South Africa.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49729-81-0/CH9