Value-Based Leaders Uphold Moral Principles and Serve as Outstanding Role Models for Police Officers: A Review of the Theoretical Frameworks | Chapter 6 | The Informed Leader: How Philosophy and Evidence Shape Organizational Performance

The objective of the chapter was to examine the value and practical application of values-based leadership, including the Mahavakya philosophy, within the context of police organizations. This includes exploring how specific values-based leadership models can address the unique challenges and ethical demands of policing.

Main Topics: Values-based leadership, ethical leadership, authentic leadership, transformational leadership, servant leadership, the Mahavakya philosophy, police leadership, organizational culture, ethical decision-making in policing. Overarching Research Question. Key Arguments/Findings: Values-based leadership, incorporating principles like ethical conduct, self-awareness, and service, is essential for building trust, promoting accountability, and fostering a positive organizational culture within police departments. The Mahavakya philosophy, with its emphasis on "BE," "DO," and "TELL," offers a practical framework for developing values-based police leaders. Implementing these principles can lead to improved community relations, enhanced officer well-being, and more ethical policing practices. Methodology/Approach: A systematic literature review of leadership theories, values-based leadership models, and studies related to police leadership and organizational behavior. Significance/Implications: This research contributes to the existing body of knowledge on leadership in policing by providing a comprehensive overview of values-based leadership models and their practical application. The findings offer valuable insights for police executives, policymakers, and training academies seeking to develop ethical and effective leaders within their organizations. It also highlights the need for further research on the specific challenges and opportunities associated with implementing values-based leadership in diverse policing contexts. Audience: Police executives, policymakers, law enforcement professionals, leadership development trainers, academics, and researchers interested in policing, ethics, and organizational behavior. Conclusion: Values-based leadership is not merely a theoretical concept but a practical necessity for modern police organizations. By embracing ethical principles, fostering self-awareness, and prioritizing service, police leaders can build trust within their communities, enhance officer morale and well-being, and promote a culture of accountability. The Mahavakya philosophy offers a valuable framework for developing such leaders, and further research is needed to explore its full potential within the complex landscape of policing.

 

Author (s) Details

Dr. John Motsamai Modise
Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49729-30-8/CH6

Leadership Philosophies: Impacts on Organizational Dynamics and Effectiveness | Chapter 5 | The Informed Leader: How Philosophy and Evidence Shape Organizational Performance

The chapter aimed to examine the correlation between leadership philosophies and organizational effectiveness, emphasizing the impact of leadership styles on employee motivation, satisfaction, and engagement, as well as the influence of organizational culture on these interactions. Principal Subjects/Essential Themes: The essay analyzes leadership, leadership styles (including transformational and transactional leadership), employee motivation, employee satisfaction, employee engagement, and corporate culture. It emphasizes the significance of leadership in enhancing organizational success. Implied Research Question: What is the effect of various leadership styles on employee motivation, satisfaction, and engagement, and how does organizational culture affect these dynamics? Study Themes: The primary themes are the relationship between leadership style and employee outcomes (motivation, satisfaction, engagement), the effect of organizational culture, and the overall implications for organizational performance and efficiency. Principal Arguments/Conclusions The text indicates that good leadership is crucial for promoting favorable employee outcomes and attaining organizational objectives. It underscores the significance of employee engagement and its correlation with leadership style. The studied research demonstrates a positive association between transformative leadership and employee commitment, engagement, and performance. Nevertheless, the article remains in its preliminary phase and has yet to provide exhaustive results. Methodology/Approach: The essay utilizes a systematic literature review methodology, referencing established research and theories pertinent to leadership, motivation, and organizational behavior. Importance/Consequences: This research seeks to enhance the comprehension of the pivotal role of leadership in determining organizational performance. The insights acquired may inform leadership development initiatives and tactics aimed at enhancing employee engagement and organizational performance. Target demographic: This article is designed for scholars, researchers, organizational executives, and human resource specialists. Conclusion. The article will finish by summarizing the literature review findings, addressing implications for leadership practice, and proposing avenues for future research. It will likely underscore the necessity for firms to evaluate the influence of leadership style on employee outcomes and organizational performance.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Dr. John Motsamai Modise
South Tshwane University of Technology, South Affrica.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49729-30-8/CH5

Servant Leadership: Principles, Practice, and Implications | Chapter 4 | The Informed Leader: How Philosophy and Evidence Shape Organizational Performance

While servant leadership has gained increasing attention as a potentially effective leadership approach, its practical application and impact remain debated. This review paper advances people’s knowledge in leadership by providing a detailed discussion on servant leadership evolution and the current leadership theories, which are relational leadership theories. According to the paper, a servant leadership paradigm's pervasive notion of service permeates the relationship between leaders and followers and encourages workers, which may serve as a bridge to start reestablishing community relations. The fundamental tenet of servant leadership is that those who put their followers' needs ahead of their own are the ones who will most effectively motivate their flock. Humble leaders foster great relationships with followers and motivate them to put their all into their work because they care more about others than themselves. To fully understand servant leadership, the words of Larry Spears, the Executive Director of the Robert K. Greenleaf Center for Servant Leadership, are borrowed. In his description of servant leadership, he highlighted four key attributes as central to the servant leadership framework. Servant leadership focuses on the betterment and support of others by seeking to meet the interests, needs, and ambitions of others above one’s own. In the setting of larger companies, smaller firms, and some NPOs, researchers have found that a manager practicing servant leadership may have a great empowering potential towards their followers.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Dr. John Motsamai Modise
Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa.

 

Dr. Kishore Raga
Emeritus: Nelson Mandela University, South Africa.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49729-30-8/CH4

Fostering Trust, Integrity and Good Governance in the Fight against Corruption | Chapter 3 | The Informed Leader: How Philosophy and Evidence Shape Organizational Performance

The purpose of the study is to 1) analyze different notions of good governance and the methodologies for its evaluation, 2) furnish instruments for the execution and dissemination of exemplary governance norms, 3) enhance ethical consciousness and dedication to principled behavior and 4) enhance efficiency and maintain engagement in ethical training. Good governance and fighting against corruption are frequently linked, whereas corruption is frequently linked to poor governance. Certain fundamental tenets of good governance are also tenets of anti-corruption. The literature associates effective political systems with various characteristics such as participation, adherence to the rule of law, transparency, responsiveness, consensus-oriented, equity and inclusiveness, effectiveness and efficiency, and accountability. Public confidence is essential for efficient governance. It is suggested that a variety of traits be had in order to accomplish good governance, with the ability to strike a balance between practical and general ethics, make connections between morality and other world issues, emphasis the value of morality and ethics in daily life, and also place an emphasis on global ethics and universal principles while allowing for a variety of regional and cultural viewpoints.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Dr. John Motsamai Modise
Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa.

 

Phemelo Sheldon Modise
North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49729-30-8/CH3

Principled Leadership: A Foundation for Organizational Trust and Success | Chapter 2 | The Informed Leader: How Philosophy and Evidence Shape Organizational Performance

Ethical leadership is predicated on moral and ethical principles.  Ethical leaders cultivate trust with honesty, integrity, and transparency. Ethical leadership enhances decision-making, fosters innovation, and elevates team performance. Meta leadership enables leaders to operate across several tiers of an organization.  There exists significant overlap across value-based leadership theories. The purpose of the study is to i) delineate two definitions of principled leadership; ii) concentrate on the fundamental concepts and responsibilities that direct leaders in the development and sustenance of organizational services. This chapter defined principled leadership and illuminated the characteristics and obligations of leadership. The significance of ethical principles in leadership was also discussed. This chapter provides a valuable insight into the relationship between ethical leadership and organizational trust. Theory of Meta Leadership and Value-based leadership philosophies were also discussed. This chapter implicitly examines the role of principled leadership in fostering corporate trust and success. This investigation underscores the significance of ethical leadership in cultivating a constructive workplace culture. It also offers ideas on how leaders can cultivate trust and enhance corporate success. The study explores the significance of ethical leadership across various sectors, including law enforcement and other organizations. The questions that were investigated and analyzed in this chapter include: i) would benefit from more precise implementations of principled leadership throughout law enforcement; ii) would be enhanced by tackling the obstacles of executing principled leadership.  This chapter concludes that organizations must prioritize ethical leadership to foster a culture of trust and attain enduring success. Leaders ought to concentrate on cultivating their ethical principles and decision-making abilities. This research is valuable for a wide range of organizations, particularly law enforcement, and offers insights for scholars, managers, and individuals interested in ethical leadership. This study also suggests that more contemporary references would be beneficial as restricted information regarding practical applications constitutes a key limitation of the research. Ethical leadership is crucial for establishing trust, cultivating a constructive company culture, and attaining enduring success. It necessitates that leaders uphold ethical principles, make judicious decisions, and foster an atmosphere of transparency and accountability.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Dr. John Motsamai Modise
Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49729-30-8/CH2

Enhancing Organizational Performance: The Role of Corporate Culture, Leadership, and Employee Behavior in Policing | Chapter 1 | The Informed Leader: How Philosophy and Evidence Shape Organizational Performance

A company's organizational culture can be thought of as a collection of values, precepts, assumptions, and communication patterns that develop through time and enable the development of a particular functional psychological and social environment that supports the company's product offerings. To improve organizational performance, organizational management can, however, alter the organizational culture as required.

This article sought to increase performance through corporate culture in policing, leadership, and employee behavior. The first element focuses on how well an organization performs in creating a high-performance culture that fosters excellence, high performance, and an environment of continuous improvement. The second area of attention is on leadership and how well an employer can influence and persuade people to work with him as a team to accomplish a specific objective. Although each leader has their own leadership style, it cannot be inherited automatically. Every leader possesses particular traits that manifest in various circumstances. The final section of the paper focused on the organizational culture of the Police, a unique type of law enforcement agency that ensures both internal order and public safety. The police simultaneously maintain the legal and structural security of the economy as an armed law enforcement agency. Security is crucial for both profit-making and non-profit enterprises, as well as for individuals and social organizations. The discussion on organizational culture further delves into different aspects like values, norms, and cultural forms, which are present in all organizational practices and activities. The values, beliefs, and attitudes created by organizational culture increase employees' commitment to the strategy and goals. It is a strategy that has the potential to boost an organizations’ productivity and give it a competitive edge.

The study also discussed Organizational Citizenship Behavior, which refers to voluntary personal actions that are independent of the pay structure and contribute to improving an organization's efficiency. Job satisfaction and commitment represent antecedents of OCB, denoting a willingness to cooperate.

The study concluded that the culture of the company has a significant impact on how well employees perform and how productive they are. The success of task performance reinforces OCB, which is a significant individual contribution that goes above and beyond the requirements of the function in the workplace. The study also recommended promoting team cohesion, establishing open lines of communication and setting clear, consistent goals.

 

Author (s) Details

Dr. John Motsamai Modise
South African Police Service, South Africa.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49729-30-8/CH1

Physico-Chemical Properties and Biological Activities of Algerian Steppe Honey | Chapter 11 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 1

Honey is a complex natural product with a wide range of biological activities, attributed to its diverse bioactive compounds. These activities include antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing properties, among others. The specific biological effects of honey can vary depending on factors such as the bee species, geographic location, and botanical origin. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical properties as well as the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of honey from the Algerian steppe. The following physicochemical parameters were measured: pH, moisture content, electrical conductivity (EC), total acidity, free acidity, ash and HMF. The antibacterial activity of honey samples was tested against three pathogenic bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33862 by using the agar incorporation technique to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the tested honeys. The antioxidant effect was assessed by using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging test and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The obtained results indicated that the physico-chemical analysis confirmed the good quality of the studied honeys according to the standards set by the European Union Commission and Codex Alimentarius Commission. All honey samples had the ability to scavenge DPPH radical and showed an important reducing potential. Euphorbia cheiradenia honey had the highest antioxidant capacity. The result of the antibacterial effect of this study revealed that the honey samples showed an important antibacterial effect against all the tested bacterial strains. Noaea mucronata honey has a better antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The diverse range of bioactive compounds found in Algerian honey makes it a promising candidate for further research and development in the field of natural medicine, potentially leading to innovative treatments that harness its healing properties.

 

Author (s) Details

Fatiha Abdellah
Laboratory of Research on Local Animal Products, Ibn-Khaldoun University, Tiaret, Algeria.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v1/4136

22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome and Dosage Effects of Candidate Genes a Review and Promoter Analysis of PRODH Gene | Chapter 10 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 1

22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS), also known as Velo-Cardio-Facial Syndrome (VCFS) or DiGeorge Syndrome, is a genetic disorder due to a microdeletion on chromosome 22-q11.2. The clinical phenotype, which is complex and variable, includes specific congenital defects of the cardiovascular system, craniofacial and immune system. Further, dosage sensitivity of candidate genes in the region disrupts neurotransmitter signaling and is associated with neuro-behavioral symptoms. Unique DNA repetitive elements in the region are a source of copy number human genetic variation (CNV) and contribute risk for complex diseases like schizophrenia (SCZ). In this mini-review, the topic covering anatomical, genetic and genomics perspectives was reviewed. Repetitive elements analysis of the regions flanking candidate genes was conducted. Additionally, analysis includes network analysis of the PRODH gene to infer interaction proteins and promoter analysis to gain insights into regulatory and chromatin elements. The results indicate a unique repetitive map flanking the genes, which could serve as hotspots for chromosomal rearrangement. The network analysis indicates a hub of 11 genes with a PPI value-(4.59e^-06). Unique promoter maps include a CpG island, insulator, gene enhancer and regulatory element (cluster). Chromatin analysis revealed DNASE1 (DNase I hypersensitive) and FAIRE (Formaldehyde Assisted Isolation of Regulatory Elements) regions along with repetitive elements. Cumulatively, the results support the hypothesis of dosage effects of gene/s in the 22q11 region and associated syndrome. The results shed light on the complex phenotype observed at the locus which could be a result either from the overlapping regulation of several genes within this region or through a combinatorial participation in a regulated process such as neurotransmission or signal transduction.

 

Author (s) Details

Kiran Kumar HB|
NCBS, Bangalore, Wilson Garden, Bangalore-560030, Affiliated to Nrupathunga University, Bengaluru, 560001, India.

 

Tanuja Prakash
Department of Biotechnology, Government Science College, Nrupathunga University, Bengaluru, 560001, India.

 

Rama Thyloor
Department of Biotechnology, Government Science College, Nrupathunga University, Bengaluru, 560001, India.

 

Manjunatha B.K
Department of Biotechnology, Oxford Engineering College, Bengaluru, India.

Pallavi devaraja
Department of Biotechnology, Government Science College, Nrupathunga University, Bengaluru, 560001, India.

 

Mukunda Suryanarayana
Department of Microbiology, S.R.N.M. National College of Applied Sciences, NES Campus, Balraj Urs Road, Shivamogga, 577205, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v1/4914

Systematic Foliar Anatomy in Nine Strobilanthes Blume Species (Acanthaceae) from Kerala, India | Chapter 9 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 1

Strobilanthesis Blume acanthaceous a genus with about 200  species and is distributed mostly in Asia. They are either shrubs or  herbs with often opposite leaves. Only a limited number of species   have been investigated anatomically, particularly for foliar structure. Therefore, the author attempted to reveal anatomical features of foliage  leaves in nine species of the genus Strobilanthes Blume (Acanthaceae), collected from different locations in Kerala. Leaves of all the collected plants are bifacial. The features such as resolution of vascular tissue  in midrib region, occurrence of sclerenchyma, collenchyma, layers of palisade, cystoliths, sphaeraphides, etc. differ from taxon to taxon and  are found systematically significant. They are employed in devising an artificially dichotomous key as an aid in their identification. Extended observations were made on the selected species of the genus, contributing to a deeper understanding of their foliar anatomy within the family Acanthaceae. These findings are presented with particular emphasis on their systematic value.

 

Author (s) Details

 

PATIL, A.M.
Department of Botany, Rani Laxmibai Mahavidyalaya, Parola-425111, District Jalgaon (M.S.), India.

 

D.A. PATIL
P.G. Department of Botany, S.S.V.P.S’s L.K.Dr.P.R.Ghogrey Science College, Dhule– 424005 (M.S.), India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v1/4857

Development of an Efficient Plant Regeneration System from Apomictic and Sexual Seeds of Guinea Grass (Panicum maximum) | Chapter 8 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 1

Guinea grass (Panicum maximum) is an important tropical forage crop. It is represented in nature by both of the tetraploid biotypes that can reproduce through apomixis, and the sexual one. If this trait can be applied, it is expected to be an epoch-making breeding method, such as significantly reducing the cost of seed production by fixing first-generation hybrids, significantly shortening the breeding period by fixing promising strains in the middle of breeding, and converting vegetatively propagated plants to seed-propagated plants. The authors have captured a candidate gene, ASG-1, from apomictic guinea grass.　For analysis of apomixis genes, as the first step, an efficient and simple plant regeneration system has been established using callus from apomictic and sexual seeds of guinea grass (Panicum maximum). This study was conducted at the Miyakonojo Campus of Minami Kyushu University in Miyakonojo City, Japan, located at 31 degrees north latitude. The best basic medium for callus formation from mature seeds of guinea grass was selected, and then, the best combinations of growth regulators on different media were selected for plant regeneration by indirect organogenesis. Guinea grass accessions of sexual and apomict seeds were used for culture. Seeds sterilized were cultured in Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium (MS) and in that proposed by Chu et al. (1975) (N6D) for callus formation. The best medium and the effects of L-proline and growth regulators’ type and concentrations on callus formation and plant regeneration in 3 accessions were examined, respectively. After the plantlets rooted in MS hormone-free medium, the complete plants were planted in pots for hardening. As a result, N6D medium has given better rates for callus formation, that is, 97.1% in sexual N68/96-8-o-5, and 91.7% and 84.6% in apomict N68/96-8-o-11 and ‘Natsukaze’, respectively. MS medium with 0.2 mg/l of Kinetin has given the best rate of plant regeneration among the 4 kinds of media. For each material, the best results were obtained on MS with 0.2 mg/l of Kinetin for N68/96-8-o-5, and MS with 2.0 mg/l of L-proline and 0.2 mg/l of Kinetin for ‘Natsukaze’. After hardening of the regenerated plants in soil, 100% of survival rates were obtained, and showed normal growth compared with the plants derived from seeds. As described above, it was established, as the first case, an efficient and simple plant regeneration system by using callus from apomictic and sexual seeds of guinea grass for analysis of apomixis genes, consisting of analysis of the best media, L-proline usages and phytohormone combinations for callus formation, plant regeneration and hardening in different stages, respectively. This finding provides important information not only for sexual but also for apomictic plants in constructing a plant regeneration system from calli derived from mature seeds.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Chen Lanzhuang
Faculty of Environmental and Horticultural Science, Minami Kyushu University, 3764-1, Tatenocho, Miyakonojo City, Miyazaki, 885-0035, Japan.

Nishimura Yoshiko
Faculty of Environmental and Horticultural Science, Minami Kyushu University, 3764-1, Tatenocho, Miyakonojo City, Miyazaki, 885-0035, Japan

 

Umeki Kazuma
Faculty of Environmental and Horticultural Science, Minami Kyushu University, 3764-1, Tatenocho, Miyakonojo City, Miyazaki, 885-0035, Japan.

 

Zhang Jun
Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, China.

 

Xu Chengti
Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, China.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v1/4894

Non-Pharmacological and Pharmacological Stimulation of Glycolytic ATP Production for Treating ROS-Mediated Cellular Senescence | Chapter 7 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 1

Cellular senescence is driven by two interconnected processes: a decline in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and an increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. ATP depletion primarily affects the energy-intensive synthesis of large macromolecules, such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which are also more susceptible to oxidative damage than smaller biomolecules. Given these dynamics, enhancing ATP generation through anaerobic glycolysis—bypassing mitochondrial ROS production—could help counteract cellular senescence, it was proposed. Clinical studies support this approach. Intermittent hypoxia (IH) therapy has been shown to enhance glycolytic ATP production and reduce oxidative stress in both preclinical models and human trials. IH has demonstrated benefits in sports medicine by improving endurance, muscle regeneration, and recovery. Moreover, studies in elderly populations suggest that controlled IH protocols can enhance cognitive function, increase mobility, and reduce frailty by modulating metabolic pathways and mitigating oxidative damage. In addition, pharmacological strategies targeting mitochondrial function, such as metformin and mild respiratory chain inhibitors, have been shown to upregulate glycolysis while simultaneously reducing ROS production. Clinical trials indicate that metformin extends healthspan by improving metabolic efficiency, reducing inflammation, and attenuating cellular senescence markers. Similarly, preclinical studies suggest that partial inhibition of mitochondrial complex I can stimulate compensatory glycolysis, offering potential therapeutic benefits for cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and metabolic disorders. A lifelong combination of non-pharmacological (IH therapy) and pharmacological (glycolysis-enhancing and ROS-reducing agents) interventions may significantly slow mitochondrial aging and improve overall healthspan, was proposed. Further clinical trials are warranted to validate these approaches and optimize therapeutic protocols for mitigating ROS-mediated cellular senescence.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Victor I. Seledtsov
Innovita Research Company, 14166 Vilnius, Lithuania.

 

Alexei A. von Delwig
Innovita Research Company, 14166 Vilnius, Lithuania.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v1/4509

Sprouting Value Index: A Research Perspective in Artificial Vegetative Propagation in Tree Species | Chapter 6 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 1

The rooting potential of Saraca asoca stem cuttings was evaluated using three concentrations of Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA): 300 ppm, 500 ppm, and 1000 ppm. The study analyzed the obtained data using the Sprouting Value Index (SVI) method to assess rooting vigor, sprouting efficiency and the most suitable rooting medium. Field experiments were conducted over three years at four-month intervals in Central Kerala, Peninsular India, using three different rooting media. Control cuttings did not exhibit rooting. The results demonstrated the highest SVI when prop root cuttings were planted in root trainers with coir pith compost (RTCP) across all IBA concentrations. IBA treatment significantly increased sprouting percentage while reducing the time required for sprouting and rooting initiation. However, elevated Cuttings Without Rooting (CWR) and Shoot-Up Percentage (SUP) values suggest possible issues related to management practices, dormancy, or cultivar genotype.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Justin R. Nayagam
Department of Botany, Union Christian College, Aluva -2, Kerala, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v1/4781

Regeneration and Rooting of Canola (Brassica napus L.) Cultivars Using Growth Regulator-Free and Auxin-Cytokinin Combinations | Chapter 5 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 1

The genus Brassica includes some of the very important crop species and is one of the most economically important genera in the Brassicaceae family (syn. Cruciferae). The comparative organogenesis of Brassica napus L cultivars Cyclone, Star and Westar was studied. The cotyledonary explants gave a higher response to all the combinations of 0.5 mg/L 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and benzylamino purine (BAP; 0.5, 1.0,1.5 and 2.0 mg/L) used for optimizing the conditions for callus induction. The best mean weight and mean length of callus were obtained at 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D and 1.5 mg/L BAP for Star cotyledonary explants. For the increased rooting and thus complete plant regeneration, a shock or a new method of exposing the explant culture to growth regulator-free medium for seven days was performed, followed by shoot on MS medium with growth regulators. The method was applicable to both hypocotyl and cotyledonary explants. The Shoot Induction Frequency for hypocotyl (6-34%) in the three cultivars is higher than the cotyledonary explants (3-23%). The method is speedy and almost all of the shoots and some unshooted calli (78%) form roots on the same media without prior transfer to rooting medium. The analysis of variance (p<0.05) showed that the data are significantly different and all the variation is due to the different groups/sources in the experiments. In conclusion, a brief shock treatment can significantly enhance the rooting and regeneration potential of Canola cultivars when cultured on growth regulator-free MS medium for seven days. Thus, it is recommended to use separate explants of each variety for gene transformation, especially hypocotyl explants of Westar.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Israr Khan
Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Charbagh, KP, Pakistan, Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir (L), KP, Pakistan and School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.

Waqar Ali
Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir (L), KP, Pakistan.

 

M. Waheed Akhtar
School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.

 

Fazal Akbar
Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Charbagh, KP, Pakistan.

Nisar Ahmad
Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Charbagh, KP, Pakistan.

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v1/4828

Molecular Identification of Bayoud Disease Resistance in Algerian Date Palm Cultivars Using Plasmid-Like DNAs | Chapter 4 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 1

The most lethal disease affecting the North African date palm is Bayoud. Bayoud disease of the date palm (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis) is a vascular disease caused by a soil fungus. Twenty-one Algerian date palm cultivars (20 females and 1 male) in addition to 6 genotypes of Deglet Nour were assessed for resistance (R) and susceptibility (S) to Bayoud disease using molecular markers. Specifically, the use of two circular plasmid-like DNAs (R and S plasmids) as molecular markers allowed us to detect the R cultivars. Among the 21 cultivars, we found that Baâret ljmal is resistant. In conclusion, the composition of the cytoplasmic environment plays a role in resistance and some techniques enable the establishment of a preliminary list of Algerian date palm cultivars that are resistant or susceptible to Bayoud disease.

 

Author (s) Details

 

A. Guettouchi
Department of Sciences of Nature and Life, Faculty of the Sciences, University Mohamed Boudiaf, M’sila 28000, Algeria.

 

N. Haider
Departement of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, AECS, Damascus P.O. Box 6091, Syria.

 

I. Nabulsi
Departement of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, AECS, Damascus P.O. Box 6091, Syria.

 

N. Ykhlef
Laboratory of Genetics, Biochemistry and Vegetal Biotechnologies, Faculty of the Sciences, University Mentouri, Constantine, Algeria.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v1/4664

Vegetative Propagation of Medicinal Plant on Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees | Chapter 3 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 1

Aims: To determine the effect of node stem cuttings position on the growth and yield of sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees. It belongs to the family Acanthaceae, which has been cultivated and grows widely in Indonesia.

Methodology: The experiment was conducted in Purwodadi Botanic Garden in February-May 2017 at an altitude of 300 m above sea level. An experimental study design was followed for the study. The study used a randomized block design with the treatment of node position of stem cuttings, i.e. top, middle, and basal parts. Each treatment was replicated three times.

Results: The top stem cutting produced the highest cutting life, leaf area, leaf dry weight, root, and generative organs dry weight. In contrast, the basal stem cutting produced the lowest live cutting and plant growth.

Conclusion: The top stem cutting propagation of sambiloto produced the highest plant survival and growth with cutting life, leaf area, leaf dry weight and total dry weight of 100%, 162.40 cm2 per plant, 0.49 g per plant, 1.03 g per plant, respectively.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Solikin
Research Center for Ecology and Ethnobiology, National Research and Innovation Agency Jl. Raya Jakarta Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor West Java 16911, Indonesia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v1/4561

Extraction and Assessment of Peptide Profiles Based on Hydrolysates of Collagen-containing Fish Raw Materials | Chapter 2 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 1

The fish processing industry generates more than 60% of its by-products as waste. These large volumes of fishery by-products will create serious pollution and disposal problems in both developed and developing countries. Experimental studies of fish cutting waste—scales and skin were carried out, their general biochemical composition was studied, a high content of collagen was established, and elastin was noted, which accounted for 76–86% of the protein mass. Processes for the hydrolysis of secondary fish raw materials have been developed: fish scales and skin. Technological schemes have been developed, and the influence of the conditions of thermal, enzymatic, enzymatic-thermal, electro-chemical hydrolysis on the amino acid composition and molecular weight distribution (MWD) and antioxidant activity of peptides and proteins in the obtained hydrolysates has been studied. Statistical data processing was performed using the Microsoft Office 2010 and Mathcad 2000 Professional software packages at a 95% confidence level. It has been established that the enzymatic and enzymatic-thermal method of hydrolysis of fish scales using the enzyme Alcalase 2.5 L and the electrochemical hydrolysis of the skin of cod, trout and herring made it possible to obtain protein hydrolysates with a protein content of 80–90%. At the same time, 91–98% of enzymatic hydrolysates from scales and 62%, 74% and 82.5% of electrochemically obtained hydrolysates from the skin of trout, herring, and cod, respectively, account for the share of low-molecular peptides with a molecular weight of less than 10 kDa. The prospects of their use in functional foods and oil-containing products are noted.

 

Author (s) Details

 

E. E. Kuprina
Saint-Petersburg State Institute of Technology Moskovsky Prospekt 24-26/49 A, 190013 St. Petersburg, Russia.

 

E. I. Kiprushkina
Saint-Petersburg State Institute of Technology, Moskovsky Prospekt, 24-26/49 A, 190013 St. Petersburg, Russia.

 

Y. V. Broyko
Saint-Petersburg State Institute of Technology, Moskovsky Prospekt, 24-26/49 A, 190013 St. Petersburg, Russia.

 

I. A. Shestopalova
Saint-Petersburg State Institute of Technology, Moskovsky Prospekt, 24-26/49 A, 190013 St. Petersburg, Russia.

 

M. M. Shamtsyan
Saint-Petersburg State Institute of Technology, Moskovsky Prospekt, 24-26/49 A, 190013 St. Petersburg, Russia.

 

O. V. Volkova
Saint-Petersburg State Institute of Technology, Moskovsky Prospekt, 24-26/49 A, 190013 St. Petersburg, Russia.

 

N. Y. Romanenko
Kaliningrad State Technical University, Sovetsky Prospect 1, 236022 Kaliningrad, Russia.

 

O. Y. Mezenova
Kaliningrad State Technical University, Sovetsky Prospect 1, 236022 Kaliningrad, Russia.

 

T. Grimm
Biotechnology Company ANIMOX, Max-Planck-Straße 3, 12489 Berlin, Germany.

 

T. Mörsel
Research and Consulting Laboratory UBF, 15345 Altlandsberg, Germany.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v1/4319

Nutritional Properties of Moringa oleifera | Chapter 1 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 1

Moringa oleifera, a tree that belongs to the Moringaceae family, is native to the Himalayas and is currently cultivated in all tropical, subtropical and semi-arid regions of the world. It can grow in water shortage conditions, but its intensive cultivation with irrigation and fertilization increases biomass yields to over 100 tons per hectare. It is known by different names, depending on the area of cultivation, such as: marango, moringa, resedá, radish tree, drumstick tree, Angela, asparagus tree, pearl tree, ben tree, tree of life and miracle tree.

 

Numerous beneficial properties are attributed to both health and the environment, as well as a nutritional approach. The various parts of the plant have multiple applications, from the leaves to the seeds and roots, through various products made of them. Due to the above, today, studies focused on Moringa oleifera are increasing. In the south of the State of Yucatan, Mexico, a small company dedicated to the planting of the moringa tree and the production of products based on the leaves and seeds of the plant has been established. For this reason, the need to carry out scientific studies about the properties attributed to the Moringa plant arises.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Miriam Noemí Burgos Jiménez
Department of Biochemical Engineering, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico Superior del sur del Estado de Yucatán, Mexico.

 

Jacinto Alberto Loeza Peraza
Department of Biochemical Engineering, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico Superior del sur del Estado de Yucatán, Mexico.

 

Carolina LolBe Montejo Peraza
Department of Biochemical Engineering, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico Superior del sur del Estado de Yucatán, Mexico.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v1/4124

The Implementation of the Hierarchical Hazard Control Model to Assess the Respiratory Protection of Quarry and Allied Workers in Namibia | Chapter 8 | Geography, Earth Science and Environment: Research Highlights Vol. 9

 The increased risks of adverse respiratory outcomes among quarry and allied workers are affected by high levels of cumulative dust exposure, which is a significant concern in the occupational health sector in developing countries, like Namibia.  The study examines respiratory protection practices among quarry and allied workers in Namibia, amidst rising concerns over occupational respiratory disorders due to prolonged exposure to respirable dust. Using the Hierarchical Hazard Control Model, the study assessed the Engineering Controls, Administrative Controls, Educational /Training Programmes, and Medical Surveillance Measures in dust controls for 304 quarry and allied workers in the Erongo, Otjozondjupa, and Kunene regions. This study used self-administered questionnaires to collect data from the quarry and allied workers, between November and December 2022. A Chi-square (χ2) test was used to determine the association between the level of employee respiratory protection and individual factors significant at p=0.000. Findings showed a statistically significant association between employee respiratory protection and employment status (χ²(1) = 7.592, p = 0.000), job category (χ²(9) = 37.742, p = 0.000), educational level (χ²(3) = 68.517, p = 0.000) and worksite (χ²(8) = 282.178, p = 0.001). A strong positive correlation between worksite and respiratory protection (r=0.7, p<0.01), negative correlation between worksite protection and education/training programs (r=0.841, p<0.05) was found. The findings underscore a critical gap in implementing effective engineering controls and training programs, increasing the risk of respiratory illnesses among workers. In conclusion, the study revealed that quarry and allied workers could not effectively implement engineering controls to reduce workers' exposure to respirable dust due to the lack of an occupational respiratory health framework, safety regulations and enforcement, and education and training.  The study also provided evidence that most allied and quarry workers did not undergo the mandatory medical examination, as a request of limited hazard control measures. Recommendations include a need for an occupational respiratory health framework for quarry and allied workers to ensure occupational respiratory health.

 

Effective government policy that will enhance occupational safety and health in mining and quarrying is necessary for accident prevention in Namibia.

 

Author (s) Details

Saima Shihepo
Health Sciences, Department of Preventative Health Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology (NUST), Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia.

 

Roswitha Mahalie
Faculty of Health, Natural Resources and Applied Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology (NUST), Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia.

Omotayo Awofolu
Faculty of Health, Natural Resources and Applied Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology (NUST), Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/geserh/v9/4943

Satellite-based Monitoring of Vegetation Cover of Lalbagh Botanical Garden, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India | Chapter 7 | Geography, Earth Science and Environment: Research Highlights Vol. 9

Lalbagh Botanical Garden, is a Bengaluru’s oldest garden, spread across 240 acre, is a home to wide array of plants from around the world, is a treasure house of biological diversity. Lalbagh has 2,950 spp of plants and trees. It was started in 1760 was given the status of a Government Botanical Garden in 1856 and since then it has been an internationally renowned centre for scientific study of plants and botanical artwork and also conservation of plants. Lalbagh Botanical garden with a high diversity of species, provide a storehouse of genetic resources from within the region and they also provide food and pharmacological resources for a range of species such as birds, mammals, reptiles and insects. The aim of the study is to give an overall picture of vegetation distribution and canopy coverage in different parts of Lal Bagh through satellite imagery.

In the present study Quick Bird imagery of 2005 is used for comparative assessment of NDVI and TNDVI indices with superwised classified imagery of LalBagh Botanical Garden, one of the largest and oldest botanical Garden in the Bengaluru. The NDVI and TNDVI transformed imagery of Lalbagh showed variation in their values. The different land use classes of supervised classified imagery showed more resemblances to the NDVI than TNDVI. It was observed that 33% of lalbagh’s 240 acres is covered with thick canopy comprising mainly large mature trees. Small statured ornamental specimens and many small trees growings in thickets like groupings constituting thin canopy, covering 20% area. Water Constitute about 13%. Rocky area is present on the North West comprises about 12% and Grass area about 16.6%. The study concluded that in order to achieve environmental sustainability, the city should increase both its percent green open space and m2 of urban green open space per capita. More and more efforts should be made in this regard to increase the green spaces in the city by maintaining the old green spaces like botanical gardens, parks and avenue trees. There is a need to have a clear account on existing green spaces. This study gives various land uses of the entire lalbagh in a broader picture and more supplementary study is needed to give tree wise distribution in the entire lalbagh.

 

Author (s) Details

Malini A. Shetty
Department of Botany, Surana College Autonomous, Bengaluru-04, India.

 

Parinitha Mahishi
Department of Botany, NMKRV College for Women, Bengaluru-11, India.

 

Priyadarshini Pillai
Department of Botany, Jyothinivas College, Bengaluru-34, India.

 

R.K. Somashekar
Department of Environmental Science, Bangalore University, Bangalore-56, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/geserh/v9/4538

Impact of Volcanic Ash on Acidity, Mineral and Nutrient Content of Creeks and Soils Following the Montserrat Soufriere Hills Eruptions | Chapter 6 | Geography, Earth Science and Environment: Research Highlights Vol. 9

Volcanic activity occurs in hundreds of locations on the planet, extending from the far reaches of Iceland in the Northern hemisphere to the south Pacific ‘rim of fire’ and beyond. Montserrat’s once-deemed near-extinct Soufriere Hills volcano roared to life after many decades of dormancy in 1995 and continued belching its plumes into the atmosphere and its volcanic (volcano) ash flow into the surrounding lower elevations for more than a decade, forcing over half of the population to evacuate to safer domains. The volcano finally experienced relaxation of the most aggressive phases of eruptive activity in 2010. Volcanic eruptions typically deliver enormous amounts of gases, minerals and ash residues to the nearby land and streams patenting contaminating the surrounding environment. Because agricultural soils and potable water supplies provide a major source of minerals known to be essential for plant and animal health, it was of interest to determine the pH, mineral, and nutrient composition of the creeks and surroundings following Montserrat’s volcanic eruption. The volcano wreaked severe havoc and irreparable damage to the geography and ecosystems, and created a serious immediate and chronic health risk to the remaining inhabitants of the Island. The active pyroclastic ash flow reached temperatures of 1500 °F or more and progressed down the hillsides at speeds often exceeding 80 mph. The extreme temperatures of the ash flow caused instant incineration and virtual destruction of everything in its path, while the gaseous and particulate-laden plume reached altitudes of 7 miles (10.7 km), impacting air quality and aircraft navigation in the region. A total of 19 individuals became entrapped in the lava flow and perished quickly as a direct result of the volcanic eruption. Volcanic soils derive from deeper layers of the Earth's surface and are notoriously rich in mineral nutrients representative of those deep mineral deposits. While virtually all combustible objects in the path of the raging ash flow become incinerated within minutes, the aftermath of the eruptions delivers the mineral-rich constituents over a wide swath of the surrounding geography, often reaching miles from the volcanic origin. Soils and consumable water sources are well known to provide a reliable community source of essential minerals in human nutrition, and in their chronic absence, numerous pathologic sequela may develop. To determine the mineral content of surrounding surface soils, samples of surface ash layers and nearby creeks were obtained from 7 regions and 3 free-flowing creeks and subjected to mineral analysis. The surface ash specimens contained abundant amounts of the nutrients Iron, Calcium, Sodium, Magnesium, Sulfur, and non-nutrient Aluminum, intermediate amounts of potassium, Phosphorus, and Manganese, and small amounts of Boron, Copper and Zinc. Creek water runoff originating from higher elevations was consistently acidic with a healthy mean pH of 5.1, and contained smaller proportions of the same minerals, reflective of their relative effective solubility in the acidic water. Thus, the volcanic ash flow while devastating to the environment and public health in the immediate aftermath, provided numerous minerals important to plant and animal nutrition and to human health and health water sources which contributed to the longer-term reinstitution of edible plants and to the recovery of the vibrant lush greenery of the Emerald Isle of the Caribbean.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Orien L Tulp
University of Science Arts and Technology, Montserrat and Einstein Medical Laboratory, Florida, USA.

 

Frantz Sainvil
University of Science Arts and Technology, Montserrat, Einstein Medical Laboratory, Florida, USA and Broward College, Davie, Florida, USA.

Rolando Branly
University of Science Arts and Technology, Montserrat and Broward College, Davie, Florida, USA.

 

Andrew Sciranka
University of Science Arts and Technology, Montserrat.

 

Roberto Guibert
University of Science Arts and Technology, Montserrat.

 

George P Einstein
University of Science Arts and Technology, Montserrat.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/geserh/v9/5021

Evaluation of Spatial Expansion of Rift Valley Lakes Using Satellite Data: A Brief Study | Chapter 5 | Geography, Earth Science and Environment: Research Highlights Vol. 9

Assessing and studying lake expansion can reveal important information about climate change and regional responses, normally a lake recedes during the dry season and floods during the wet season. In the recent years Lake Nakuru has had variations between dry and wet seasons water levels, suspected that it is caused by increasing watershed land conversion to intensive crop production and urbanization, both reduce the capacity of soils to absorb water; recharge ground water and thus increase seasonal flooding. The present work assessed the expansion and fluctuation of Lake Nakuru in Kenya by using satellite data and information. This study was carried out in Lake Nakuru area in Nakuru County using two methods. In the first method, data was obtained from the USGS website whereby Landsat 7 and 8 images were used, though images collected after May 31, 2003, had data gaps when the SLC failed, the images had about 78% of their pixels missing. In the second method shapefiles were used, to find out how the lake surface area had changed, it was done by using different methods.  Surface water magnitude was measured from optical sensors, such as Landsat. ENVI software was used to process and analyze data from the satellite images. The data was then used to create shapefile to get the area of the lake only. The shapefiles were classified using both Supervised and Unsupervised classification, and the area of the lake was obtained in hectares. The obtained area in hectares was recorded in a table and graphs were plotted to show the trend of the lake in the years 1972-2019. Furthermore, correlation was done by assuming the area of the shapefile before any classification is more accurate, therefore it was compared with the other results obtained by using different methods. Maximum like-lihood gave the best correlation values. For R2 it gave 0.8627 and R was 0.9312. The perfect correlation coefficient is 1, the graphs for correlation gave 0.91 for NDVI, 0.83 for K-MEANS, 0.93 for Maximum Likelihood and 0.92 for Spectral Angle Mapper.  In conclusion, the change was seen using line graph and that the Lake Nakuru area is expanding from the years 2010 to 2018.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Rose Yang Mulama
Department of Physics, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.

 

Jephter Ongige Ondieki
School of Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/geserh/v9/4942

Balance Circumstances of Planetary Atmospheres and Causes of Gaseous Escape and Collapse of Earth's Ozone Layer | Chapter 4 | Geography, Earth Science and Environment: Research Highlights Vol. 9

Understanding the mechanism of the planetary atmosphere and the forces involved in balance circumstances may help to know how gaseous escape occurs and guide the ways to reduce its rate via preserving the most important factors of Earth’s ecosystem, where the balance circumstances of the planetary atmosphere can be defined as the balance among a group of dynamic and static forces that determines the volume and pressure of gases of the planetary atmosphere. The first force is the gravitational force of the planet that attracts gases from space to confine them within the range of the planet's gravitational field, and the value of this force varies among the planets of the solar system due to the differences in their masses. The second main force is the thermodynamic effects that generated as a result of the gaseous expansion that depends on the value of their temperature due to the increase in the kinetic energy resulted of the atomic and molecule collision of the gaseous elements of the atmosphere and their values change according to the value of the planet's temperature that results from their differences in their distances from the Sun, all planetary atmospheres have a specific state of equilibrium within the different circumferences, physic characteristics of elements and amount of gases in the atmosphere, the total result of these forces is determines the specific feature of the balance circumstances of each planetary atmosphere according to the value of the planet's gravitational force and the value of generated dynamic forces due to the expansion of gases according to the temperature of the planet as well as the physical characteristics of atmospheric elements such (boiling, liquefaction and solidification temperature) that differs according to the physical properties of elements that are strongly affected by their mass weight.

 

Author (s) Details

Armen Ohan
Metallurgy Engineering and Material Science, University of Technology Iraq - Baghdad P.O Box 19006, Iraq.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/geserh/v9/4566

Human Vulnerability Index: Adaptation and Alleviation to Climate Change among Fishing Communities in India’s Bay of Bengal Region | Chapter 3 | Geography, Earth Science and Environment: Research Highlights Vol. 9

Climate change involves complex interactions and changing likelihoods of diverse impacts. Climate change may alter the frequency and intensity of extreme events like floods, droughts, heat waves, and hurricanes, but difficult to attribute to anthropogenic climate change. Evidence of climate-change impacts is strongest and most comprehensive for natural systems. Impacts on human systems have also been attributed to climate change, with a major or minor contribution of climate change distinguishable from other influences. The objective of the present study is to identify the intensity of the human vulnerability to climate change in a multi-dimensional context. The study area is located along the coastline 20-30 m above sea level on the southeast coast of the Indian Peninsula, bordered by the Bay of Bengal and severely prone to cyclonic occurrences, namely Hudhud, Phailin and Vardah. A track of cyclonic disturbances, cyclones and severe cyclones over the Bay of Bengal (BOB) was observed from 1994 to 2015. The study was commissioned as a part of the national project, National Innovations on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA), Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) during the year 2017. The impact of climate change on the livelihood of the fishing community was measured through an integrated Human Vulnerability Index (HVI) approach. The domain-specific HVI was found to be high for livelihood followed by climate variability, economic, socio-demographic, and health dimensions. In the present study of assessment of the vulnerability index of fisher communities, vulnerability was found to be high for the livelihood dimension, followed by climate variability, economic, socio-demographic, and health dimensions.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Sumankalyani K
Division of Crop Production, ICAR-Central Tobacco Research Institute, Rajahumundry, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

H. Ravisankar
Division of Crop Production, ICAR-Central Tobacco Research Institute, Rajahumundry, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

S. Kasturikrishna
Division of Crop Production, ICAR-Central Tobacco Research Institute, Rajahumundry, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/geserh/v9/4260

Advancing Geohazard Mapping and Monitoring Using Terrestrial LiDAR: Insights from the British Geological Survey | Chapter 2 | Geography, Earth Science and Environment: Research Highlights Vol. 9

Geomatics is defined in the ISO/TC 211 series of standards as the discipline concerned with the collection, distribution, storage, analysis, processing and presentation of geographic data or geographic information. It is the discipline of electronically gathering, storing, processing and delivering spatially related digital information; it continues to be one of the fastest expanding global markets, driven by technology. The British Geological Survey (BGS) geomatics capabilities have been utilised in a variety of scientific studies such as the monitoring of actively growing volcanic lava domes and rapidly retreating glaciers; coastal erosion and platform evolution; inland and coastal landslide modelling; mapping of geological structures and fault boundaries; rock stability and subsidence feature analysis and geo-conservation. In 2000, the BGS became the first organisation outside the Mining Industry to use Terrestrial LiDAR Scanning (TLS) as a tool for measuring change; paired with a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), BGS were able to measure, monitor and model geomorphological features of landslides in the United Kingdom (UK) digitally. Many technologies are used by the BGS to monitor the earth, employed on satellites, aeroplanes, drones and ground-based equipment, in both research and commercial settings to carry out mapping, monitoring and modelling of earth surfaces and processes. Outside BGS, these technologies are used for close-range, high-accuracy applications such as bridge and dam monitoring, crime and accident scene analysis, forest canopy and biomass measurements and military applications. Key methodologies in TLS are discussed under the headings of Mobile Mapping, Monitoring Change, Virtual Outcrop Modelling and Uncrewed Technologies, featuring examples of work for each. This research underscores TLS's transformative potential in geosciences, particularly for advancing disaster resilience, environmental monitoring, and geological conservation efforts. Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) offers high-resolution, three-dimensional data collection capabilities that can significantly enhance our understanding of geological processes and environmental changes.

The aim of this chapter is to review the types of work that the BGS carries out using terrestrial and aerial LiDAR systems, and to discuss the merits therein.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Lee D Jones
British Geological Survey, United Kingdom.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/geserh/v9/3998

Water Quality on the Growth Performance of Clarias gariepinus in Fish Farms within Fako Division, Cameroon | Chapter 1 | Geography, Earth Science and Environment: Research Highlights Vol. 9

Fish need a decent environment for their living and livelihood. Fish species that have additional organs as a means of breathing, such as catfish, can tolerate fairly extreme water conditions, but in order to develop optimally, water quality parameters need to be within their recommended ranges. Aquaculture in South-West Cameroon has evolved, although not exponentially, due to a qualified workforce. The problem of water quality in fish farms, which could be associated with poor feeding and water quality management, impacts the life of aquatic animals. Fish need a healthy environment for their optimal growth and development (case study of Catfish). The objective of this study was to determine the impact of water quality on the growth performance of Clarias gariepinus in some fish farms within Fako Division-South West Region of Cameroon. Material and methods: The method used in this research topic is descriptive, with 4 different localities, namely IRAD Batoke (A), Bakingili (B), Cornelius Fish Center (C) and Oumarou fish farm (D), Mile 2 Limbe. A collection of physicochemical and biological data was conducted from the period of March 8th to May 15th 2023, in Fako Division. The data collection was done from Tuesday to Friday, a day each per farm from 7- 8 am. Results: The results revealed the highest mean temperature value (28.22±0.94ºC) in IRAD Batoke broodstocks tanks, while Cornelius Fish Center had the highest mean pH, electrical conductivity, and total dissolved solid with values of 8.16±1.25; 0.84±0.35 ms/cm; and 0.38±1.8ppt in the broodstocks tanks and table fish tanks. The highest dissolved oxygen (<8 mg/l), the highest nitrite level (<0.025 mg/l) and the highest Ammonium (<0.05 mg/l) were noted in three localities except the Bakingili locality. The physicochemical parameters of water had no negative impacts on the growth performance of this species. Conclusion: The results of physicochemical parameters such as water temperature, pH, and electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, NH₄, NO₂ and O₂ obtained during the study experienced a relative variation and were very suitable for the growth and development of Clarias gariepinus. The study concluded that although the African catfish can tolerate poor water conditions, optimal water quality is crucial for its optimal growth and development. These findings are relevant to the fish production sector for the sustainable production of African catfish.

Author (s) Details

Benjamin Nchegang
Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Ecosystems Management, Institute of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences at Yabassi, University of Douala P.O BOX 7236, Douala, Cameroon.

 

Tabe Maxwell Enow
Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Ecosystems Management, Institute of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences at Yabassi, University of Douala P.O BOX 7236, Douala, Cameroon.

 

Geneva Ojong Nkongho
Institute of Agricultural Research for Development, Division of Fisheries and Animal Production, Nkolbisson, Yaoundé PO Box: 2123, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Paul Vernyuy Tan
Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/geserh/v9/3169

Merging Biosecurity, Vaccination plans and Risk Identification and Management: A Necessity in Emergency Risk Communication? | Chapter 7 | Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 11

Professional communication is not widely used in veterinary practice. The potential role and power of risk identification and risk management in disease control is largely underestimated in dairy veterinary practice. This paper addresses key domains of veterinary preventive medicine including the integration of vaccination plans within herd health and productivity programs, and implementing risk identification and risk management plans, and ultimately emergency risk communication in situations of population medicine in animal and human populations. Vaccination plans are mostly integrated in herd healrh and productiuvity programs, but could be integrated into an overall biosecurity strategy (animals and humans). Both domains should be operational jointly on food animal production farms because they appear to be economically beneficial. The potential risk of economic losses due to diseases is drastically lowered. A dairy farm is used for illustration purposes. Professional communication plays a paramount role in increasing the compliance of the farmer to vaccination plans and biosecurity, as parts of an extended herd health and productivity program. Professional communication is not comparable to emergency risk communication such as should be implemented in outbreaks of highly contagious, notifiable diseases on both farms and in humans, the latter such as in the case of a Covid-like epidemic. This paper highlights that there is enormous room for improvement in emergency risk communication in a Covid-19-like situation. Public health authorities should be much better prepared for this, including a sound formation of official people in the domain of emergency risk communication.

 

Author (s) Details

Jos P. Noordhuizen
Formerly Professor, Wageningen Agricultural University, Wageningen, Netherlands, Formerly Professor, University of Utrecht, Netherlands, Invited Professor, University of Ghent, Belgium and Formerly Professor, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v11/4976

Research on the Causative Agents of Septicemia in Silkworms in Northern Vietnam | Chapter 6 | Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 11

“Where there are silkworms, there are silkworm diseases”, this has become an inevitable rule, and the history of sericulture development is also the history of the struggle against silkworm diseases.

Successfully controlling silkworm diseases is a crucial factor influencing the growth of sericulture.

The septicemia disease of silkworm larva is a dangerous disease encountered during silkworm rearing. It contaminates the rearing area and causes huge losses to silkworm farmers. Hence, proper identification of its causal agent is must for effective control of this disease. It plays a significant role in promoting the secure sericulture development in Vietnam.

This work is significant to the academic community because it provides a comprehensive examination of the identification and treatment of Serratia marcescens, a common bacterial pathogen that causes septicemia in silkworms. Our understanding of bacterial infections in sericulture is improved by the work's precise molecular identification using 16S rRNA sequencing and biochemical testing. The research also introduces effective disinfection and antibacterial treatments that could reduce silk industry losses. These data will be a valuable resource for integrated disease management strategies for researchers, sericulture farmers, and policymakers involved in sustainable silk  production.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Nguyen Thuy Hanh
Vietnam Sericulture Research Centre, Hanoi, Vietnam.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v11/4977