Regeneration and Rooting of Canola (Brassica napus L.) Cultivars Using Growth Regulator-Free and Auxin-Cytokinin Combinations | Chapter 5 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 1

The genus Brassica includes some of the very important crop species and is one of the most economically important genera in the Brassicaceae family (syn. Cruciferae). The comparative organogenesis of Brassica napus L cultivars Cyclone, Star and Westar was studied. The cotyledonary explants gave a higher response to all the combinations of 0.5 mg/L 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and benzylamino purine (BAP; 0.5, 1.0,1.5 and 2.0 mg/L) used for optimizing the conditions for callus induction. The best mean weight and mean length of callus were obtained at 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D and 1.5 mg/L BAP for Star cotyledonary explants. For the increased rooting and thus complete plant regeneration, a shock or a new method of exposing the explant culture to growth regulator-free medium for seven days was performed, followed by shoot on MS medium with growth regulators. The method was applicable to both hypocotyl and cotyledonary explants. The Shoot Induction Frequency for hypocotyl (6-34%) in the three cultivars is higher than the cotyledonary explants (3-23%). The method is speedy and almost all of the shoots and some unshooted calli (78%) form roots on the same media without prior transfer to rooting medium. The analysis of variance (p<0.05) showed that the data are significantly different and all the variation is due to the different groups/sources in the experiments. In conclusion, a brief shock treatment can significantly enhance the rooting and regeneration potential of Canola cultivars when cultured on growth regulator-free MS medium for seven days. Thus, it is recommended to use separate explants of each variety for gene transformation, especially hypocotyl explants of Westar.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Israr Khan
Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Charbagh, KP, Pakistan, Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir (L), KP, Pakistan and School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.

Waqar Ali
Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir (L), KP, Pakistan.

 

M. Waheed Akhtar
School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.

 

Fazal Akbar
Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Charbagh, KP, Pakistan.

Nisar Ahmad
Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Charbagh, KP, Pakistan.

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v1/4828

Planting Media and Growth Regulators on Regeneration of Pineapple Seedlings from Crown Leaf Buds | Book Publisher International

Kilifi County has a large potential of over 2,000 Ha suitable for pineapple cultivation that has not been fully exploited due to a lack of adequate clean planting material. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of media and the application of plant growth hormones (auxin or gibberellins) on the regeneration of propagules from pineapple crown leaf buds treated with auxins or gibberellin hormones. The study was carried out at Pwani University Crop Science farm from January to December of 2022. Treatments included: planting crown leaves (with buds) treated with auxin or gibberellins hormones (at a spacing of 4 cm by 6 cm) in plastic containers filled with sand, sawdust, coir dust, chitosan, or loamy clay soils. A randomized complete block design with a split-plot arrangement of treatments, replicated thrice, was used. Auxin and gibberellins hormones represented the main-plots. The plastic containers (the sub-plots) used for the experiment measured 30cm by 36cm by 15 cm in height. Data collected from the tagged plants included: time to shoot emergence, plant height, leaf length and breadth, number of leaves per plant, chlorophyll content, final root length, final number of roots, root weight, stem diameter and average root length. These were used to determine the effects of auxin, gibberellins and media on growth of the propagules, on time taken to attain a height of 15-20 cm. Obtained data was subjected to ANOVA using Genstat Statistical software 14th Edition and means obtained were compared using Tukey’s honest significant difference test (p < 0.05). The results showed that there were significant interaction effects between the different media and plant hormones. Chitosan had the highest growth of over 50% in all measured parameters, namely plant height, leaf length and width, stem diameter, root length, root weight and chlorophyll content. Auxin hormone resulted in the highest values of most measured growth parameters compared to gibberellins hormone. The study also showed that auxin-treated propagules had their initial roots originating from the base of the seedlings, while gibberellins treated propagules had their initial roots originating from the base of the cut crown leaves.

 

Author (s) Details

Dr. Simon Muti Mbuvi
School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, Department of Crop Sciences, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya.

 

Dr. James Birya Ndiso
School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, Department of Crop Sciences, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya.

 

Dr. Elisha Otieno Gogo
School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, Department of Crop Sciences, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya.

 

Ms. Eunice Monthe John
School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, Department of Crop Sciences, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-48388-19-3  

Applications of Silk in the Future of Medicine - A Brief Review | Chapter 1 | Current Innovations in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 4

 Fabric a natural protein of insect inception is produced by miscellaneous breeds of silkworm. Fibroin and Sericin are the two major proteins of fabric and has wide applications as biomaterials. Accompanying the diversity and control of diameter, structure and chemistry, recombinant fabric proteins can be utilized for miscellaneous biomedical applications. Though fabric is used as a suture material in cure and dentistry since time immemorial, to some extent light is thrown on allure regenerative potential in dentistry especially periodontics. Therefore this review focus on the beneficial facets of silk and allure proteins in tissue engineering.

Author(s) Details:

Archana R. Sankar,
Department of Periodontology, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India.

Sheela Kumar Gujjari,
Department of Periodontology, JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CICMS-V4/article/view/12930

Abundance and Population Structure of Locally Useful Indigenous Woody Plants in a Sedentary Grazing System in South-Western Uganda | Chapter 3 | Research Highlights in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 3

 This study engaged 100 pastoralists and conducted a factory force in13.5 ha of grazing lands to determine the locally useful indigenous woody factory species, their cornucopia and population structure in a sedentary grazing system in South- western Uganda. Through descriptive and deducible statistics, 40 shrubs and 30 tree species were linked. The species were useful sources of beast drug(85.7), mortal drug( 80), fodder and wood(57.1), poles( 50), timber(42.9), shade(24.3), food(21.3) and raw accoutrements for crafts( 10). Albizia coriaria, Acacia hockii, Acacia sieberiana, Carissa edulis and Vernonia amygdalina were the major woody shops used. For food and fodder, the woody shops were only employed during the dry season but for other purposes, the species were resorted to any season in the time. Factory force recorded 39 woody factory species. Acacia hockii and Rhus natalensis was in all the granges and were the most abundant species(29.4 and10.9 independently). The average factory viscosity was 35 trees/ shrubs- ha. Inverse J shape, bimodal but substantially irregular pattern were the population structure types displayed. therefore, for sustainable sedentary pastoralism in Uganda, use of indigenous woody factory species requires policy supported conservation and enrichment planting, erecting the capacity of pastoralists in propagation and backed natural rejuvenescence ways for woody shops and scientific analyses to strengthen diversified use of the major woody factory species.

Author(s) Details:

Nabasumba Dina,
Mbarara Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute, P.O. Box 389, Mbarara, Uganda.

Kamwesigye Godfrey,
National Agricultural Advisory Services P.O. Box 25235, Kampala, Uganda.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHAS-V3/article/view/8404

Study about Neuroplasticity and Spinal Cord Injury: Pathophysiology and Epidemiology | Chapter 15 | Current Practice in Medical Science Vol. 3

Neuroplasticity is a phenomena that occurs from the time of conception until old age and has distinct properties throughout life. There are three alternative approaches to understand neuroplasticity: morphological neuroplasticity, functional neuroplasticity, and synaptic plasticity. On the other hand, there are several events, such as ontogenetic plasticity, critical period, and impriting, that occur during the development of the nervous system in the embryonic and postnatal periods. Neuroplasticity, whether morphological, functional, or synaptic, is a process that underlies the dysfunctions that occur throughout life. In order to restore the destroyed circuit that will result in a neuroregenerative process, this work investigates the mechanism of neuroplasticity involving spinal cord injuries. a functional recovery, that is. Numerous organic barriers, including gliosis or the release of neurotoxic molecules, as well as other dysfunctions, were discovered both during and after the trauma mechanism, i.e., there is a primary injury brought on by the trauma itself and a secondary injury that is characterised by a chemical injury brought on by trauma, as well as an inflammatory reaction, among other things. On the basis of these earlier discoveries, pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies have been created to enhance the neuroplasticity process and attempt to stop or slow down the chemical damage process. The work's main goals were to define and illustrate further uses of the term "neuroplasticity," discuss a few pathological and non-pathological circumstances, and, lastly, illustrate how neuroplasticity and some of its therapies relate to the progression of spinal cord injury. To further develop this study, a narrative evaluation of the literature from the PubMed and UpTo Date platforms from 2000 to 2020 was conducted, as well as an examination of three books. Studies on diseases and methods of treating spinal cord injuries in humans and animals were covered. Articles from before 2000 were disqualified. For the 1990s Bracken studies, an exception was made. In order to promote adequate neuroplasticity in the lesion and reduce the chemical lesion as well as other dysfunctions present at the site, pharmacological studies involving parenteral drug administration were discovered. However, many side effects, such as overdose, were reported after administration. As a result, non-pharmacological techniques incorporating, among other things, spinal supports, stem cells, and nanotechnology were created. Although some of the materials employed did not work for the therapy, nanotechnology showed promise in both the treatment and other forms. It can be said that the best way to treat spinal cord injury is to combine pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments because it encourages neuroplasticity and helps patients with spinal cord injury overcome organic barriers and other dysfunctions. If further research yields reliable and positive results, the treatment should be registered and patented for spinal cord injury patients.

Author(s) Details:

Vinicius Benatti Freire,

Nove de Julho University, Campus Vergueiro, Brazil.

Lucas Cressoni de Souza,

Nove de Julho University, Campus Vergueiro, Brazil.

Mario Henrique de Lima Martinelli,

Nove de Julho University, Campus Vergueiro, Brazil.

Antônio Eduardo Damin,

Department of Neurology of the Nove de Julho UNiversity Medical School, Neurologist and Professor of Neurology at Nove de Julho University Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil .

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMS-V3/article/view/7393

Maximum Work and Efficiency of an Irreversible Regenerative Stirling Cycle | Chapter 12 | New Trends in Physical Science Research Vol. 1

 On a stationary irreversible regenerative Stirling cycle model, the effect of two sources of irreversibilities (limited rate of heat transfers and heat leak) is investigated. The purpose of this study is to figure out how to get the partial optimization criterion specified in [1]. Because when two design rules are used alternately: internal thermal conductance fixed, or regions fixed, the ideal relations for the allocation and efficacy of the heat exchangers of the Stirling power plant are established. These optimal relationships are the same for optimum particular power and efficiency. By inserting these optimal values in the specific power and efficiency, for example, the greatest specific power and efficiency can be found. When the maximum efficiency and specific power are evaluated, it is observed that the maximum efficiency is greater than the maximum particular power under both design rules. When the design rule is bound by the set areas of the heat exchangers, the efficiency is higher.  

Author(S) Details

R. Alanís-Padrón
PDPA. UAM- Azcapotzalco. Av. San Pablo # 180. Col. Reynosa. Azcapotzalco, Ciudad de México

G. Aragón-González
PDPA. UAM- Azcapotzalco. Av. San Pablo # 180. Col. Reynosa. Azcapotzalco, Ciudad de México.

A. León-Galicia
PDPA. UAM- Azcapotzalco. Av. San Pablo # 180. Col. Reynosa. Azcapotzalco, Ciudad de México

J. R. Morales-Gómez
PDPA. UAM- Azcapotzalco. Av. San Pablo # 180. Col. Reynosa. Azcapotzalco, Ciudad de México.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NTPSR-V1/article/view/6475

Floristic Diversity, Spatial Distribution and Conservation Status of Sacred Forest Fragment in West Coast of Kanyakumari District, Tamilnadu, India | Chapter 06 | Recent Progress in Plant and Soil Research Vol. 5

 Due to cultural, religious beliefs, and taboos, sacred forest fragments are virgin or natural landscapes with a varied range of species that have been safeguarded by villages from various anthropogenic activities. These groves act as vital reservoirs for indigenous plant species as well as a shelter for RET species. The purpose of this study was to learn about the plant diversity, structure, and regeneration pattern of trees in Muppuram coastal Sacred Grove in Kanyakumari district, as well as their botanical value. From the overall area (about 0.2 ha.) of the grove investigated, 102 plant species were identified, with Malvaceae being the most abundant family. The grove's vegetation clearly shows a tropical dry evergreen forest, with seedling taxa overwhelming the older (>160 cm) trees. The information will help ecologists, environmentalists, and conservationists determine the current status of tree species so that management plans may be put in place right away to protect plant taxa in the grove.

Author(S) Details

S. Sukumaran
Department of Botany and Research Centre, Nesamony Memorial Christian College, Marthandam, Kanyakumari-629165, Tamilnadu, India.

A. Pepsi
Department of Botany and Research Centre, Nesamony Memorial Christian College, Marthandam, Kanyakumari-629165, Tamilnadu, India.

D. S. Siva Pradesh
Department of Botany and Research Centre, Nesamony Memorial Christian College, Marthandam, Kanyakumari-629165, Tamilnadu, India.

S. Jeeva
Department of Botany and Research Centre, Scott Christian College, Nagercoil, Kanyakumari-629003, Tamilnadu, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RPPSR-V5/article/view/6206

Treatment of Skin Wounds in Old Animals Using Mesenzymal Progenitor Cells and Polymer Gel Compositions| Chapter 14 | Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol.11

The goal of this study was to see how successful progenitor mesenchymal stem cells were as injections and as part of a polymer hydrogel for wound healing in elderly animals.

Materials and Methods: On the backs of 9-month-old white Wistar rats, fixed-size wounds (average area of 135.8 mm2) were simulated. On the day of the modelling, MSC were extracted from a human umbilical cord and injected into the wounds once (SC group). MSC were administered externally on a regular basis as one of the components of the polymer hydrogel in other animals (Polymer sc group). Examining undamaged contralateral wounds on the opposite side of the same animal's back was used to assess the cells' systemic effect (control sc and Control Psc groups, respectively). The Control 0 group included the intact reference wounds. Dynamic analysis of the wound region was carried out. The collagen fibres' maturity, the epidermal layers, and the number of fibroblasts and leukocytes in different regions of the wounds were all assessed using descriptive microscopy.

The administration of MSCs, both locally and systemically, promoted wound repair. During the acute inflammatory phase, the method and site of application had little effect on the dynamics of wound healing (up to 3 days). Polymer sc was shown to be the most effective in the end. A reduction in leukocyte infiltration in wound centres (Polymer sc and SC groups) and edges (all groups, with the greatest extent in the Polymer sc group) indicated MSC's anti-inflammatory impact. The proliferative phase, which shows itself as increased fibroblast number and collagen production, was observed in the Control Psc group, particularly in the Polymer sc group.

Conclusion: MSC therapy improves and speeds wound healing in a variety of ways, even in elderly animals. In the Polymer sc category, the best results were achieved.

Author(s) Details:

Natalia Manturova,
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Cosmetology and Cell Technologies, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.


Victor Stupin,
Department of Hospital Surgery no 1, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.


Ekaterina Silina,
Institute of Biodesign and Modeling of Complex Systems, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/IDMMR-V11/article/view/6086

Rotator Cuff Regeneration Post Expanded Stem Cell Therapy: Clinical Approach | Chapter 16 | Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 3

 

The goal of this trial is to see if biological therapy can heal rotator cuff injuries without surgery. RCT is primarily a condition that affects people in their forties and fifties. Observational studies suggested that the degenerative process caused a linear increase in RCT frequency over time. Sports and non-sporting activities RCTs can be caused by injuries, however asymptomatic tears do not require treatment. Tears in the shoulder can be treated conservatively using anti-inflammatory medications, physical therapy, and steroid injections to relieve symptoms and restore shoulder strength and function. RCTs have a limited ability to heal on their own, and surgical repair is frequently used as a last resort when non-operative therapy fails. In addition to probable surgical and general anaesthesia risks, the recovery period following surgery can be protracted. There is no convincing evidence to support the routine use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of symptomatic RCTs. A full-thickness supraspinatus (SST) tear in an older woman is described. An ultrasound (USS) and MRI scan revealed a tear in the SST measuring 9 mm in length and 13 mm in width with 7 mm retraction, which was unresponsive to anti-inflammatory medications, physiotherapy, and steroid injections. She had a positive clinical and radiological response to fat-derived autologous expanded MSCs paired with PRP implantation. The subacromial bursa, supraspinatus tendon material, and tendon insertion were all injected under USS guidance. The SST had healed after five months, according to USS. She had a significant improvement in her symptoms eight months after starting MSC therapy. She reduced her Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score from 88.3 at the start of the therapy to 16.3 at the end. A follow-up MRI scan indicated complete healing and regeneration of the SST, as well as reattachment of the retracted tendon to the greater tuberosity of the humerus, demonstrating that MSC therapy as a non-surgical therapeutic option was successful. We looked through the literature and discovered that no other non-surgical medical therapy delivers full-thickness tendon restoration that beats the world record.

Author(S) Details

Hassan Mubark
Department of Rheumatology, Auckland Regenerative Clinic, Ormiston Specialist Centre, New Zealand.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/IDMMR-V3/article/view/5477

Controlled Desquamation of Urinary Bladder Epithelium by Cationic Polymer Poly-L-Lysine | Chapter 09 | Current Aspects in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol. 7

 The goal of this work was to determine the experimental conditions under which the cationic polymer poly-L-lysine produces effective and safe desquamation of the urothelium of the urinary bladder. Induced urothelium desquamation is a common method for studying urothelium regeneration as well as creating animal disease models. Chitosan has previously been found to cause urothelial cells to desquamate on a huge scale. We looked at the capacity of another positively charged polymer, poly-L-lysine, to desquamate. Ex vivo and in vivo tests were used to investigate its impact on the urothelium's functional and structural integrity. The results demonstrated that the concentration of poly-L-lysine had the greatest impact on the structure and function of the urothelium, whereas the treatment period and molecular weight of poly-L-lysine had little impact. In ex vivo and in vivo trials, fifteen minutes of urothelium exposure to 0.01 percent poly-L-lysine was found to be effective and safe, resulting in severe cell desquamation that was limited to the superficial cell layer only. Ex vivo, functional and structural regeneration of the urothelium occurred 2 to 3 hours after poly-L-lysine-induced damage. As a result, poly-L-lysine appears to be a promising inducer of urothelial cell desquamation that could be employed in the clinic to treat urologic illnesses.

Author(S) Details

Andreja Erman
University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cell Biology, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Mojca Kerec Kos
University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Askerceva Cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPRD-V7/article/view/5418

Management of Large Periapical Lesion of Endodontic Origin with the Combination of Second Generation Platelet Extract and Xenograft | Chapter 3 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 8

 The local response of bone at the apex of the tooth that develops following pulp necrosis or significant periodontal disease is known as periapical inflammatory lesion. Periapical surgery seeks to remove periapical disease in order to promote wound healing and bone and periodontal tissue regeneration. This case report aims to shed information on the utilisation of platelet-rich fibrin and bone transplant in the treatment of big periapical lesions. Platelet rich fibrin (PRF) is a fantastic tissue engineering product that has garnered a lot of traction due to its promising wound healing and bone induction results. In both cases in this case report, the bone graft employed was xenograft, which is identical to human cancellous bone and has both osteoinductive and osteoconductive qualities.

Objectives:

1. To remove tissues that are infected, inflammatory, necrotic, or granulation.

2. Decontaminate and disinfect the peri-apical field.

3. To use a regenerative surgical method with second generation Platelet extract and Xenograft to promote superior and rapidly progressive healing in the peri-apical region.

Author (S) Details

Pradnya Sunilkumar Nagmode
Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, India.

Balaji Sopanrao Kapse
Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, India.

Harshal Vinod Basatwar
Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, India.

Shubham Prakash Godge
Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, India.

Prachi Nishant Janbandhu
Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NFMMR-V8/article/view/3106

Determination of Human Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Mediated Sciatic Nerve Recovery Associated with Upregulation of Regulatory T Cells | Chapter 5 | Current Advances in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 7

 Peripheral nerve injuries are distinct from central nervous system (CNS) injuries, which often affect end-target organs and can result in denervation and function loss. For functional nerve healing, it's critical to speed up peripheral nerve regeneration. The direct upregulation and release of neurotrophic factors by human Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ-MSC) promotes sciatic nerve repair and regeneration, according to a prior study. The immunomodulatory role of hWJ-MSC in sciatic nerve healing, on the other hand, is unknown. Flow cytometry was used to investigate the effects of hWJ-MSC on innate immunity, as represented by macrophages, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells, as well as adaptive immunity, as represented by CD4+ T, CD8+ T, B, and regulatory T cells (Tregs). On POD7, 15, 21, and 35, a significantly higher level of Tregs was found in blood, lymph nodes (LNs), and nerve-infiltrating cells. In the LNs and nerves of hWJ-MSC-treated mice, anti-inflammatory cytokines such IL-4 and IL-10 were dramatically elevated. Treg depletion reversed hWJ-beneficial MSC's effects on sciatic nerve healing. Treg treatment, on the other hand, aided functional recovery of the five-toe spread and gait stance. TGF- and IL-35, two anti-inflammatory cytokines, were found abundant in hWJ-MSC. This study found that hWJ-MSC induce Treg formation to alter the balance between pro- and anti-inflammation by secreting larger quantities of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the damaged sciatic nerve.

Author (s) Details

Aline Yen Ling Wang
Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CACB-V7/article/view/1191