Determining the Relationship of Sciatic Nerve and Piriformis: A Case Report | Chapter 1 | Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol.11

The primary purpose of the study is to document anatomic variance in the sciatic nerve during cadaveric dissection. We noticed that the sciatic nerve split in the buttock into the common peroneal and tibial nerves during standard undergraduate dissection in a middle-aged male cadaver. The piriformis muscle was then penetrated by the common peroneal nerve, separating it into two sections, while the tibial nerve flowed beneath it. The common peroneal nerve descends laterally in the thigh, giving a branch to the biceps femoris short head, and then distributes to the muscles and skin on the anterolateral aspect of the leg and the dorsum of the foot. The tibial nerve descended medially and gave branches to the top section of the hamstring muscles emerging from the ischial tuberosity while remaining in the buttock and upper part of the thigh. It continues down the rear of the leg and into the sole of the foot, supplying muscles and skin. Because aberrant interactions between the piriformis muscle and the sciatic nerve have been associated to coccygodynia and sciatic pain, being aware of such variation can aid in assessment.

Author(s) Details:

 John P. Sneha,
D. Y. Patil Medical College, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/IDMMR-V11/article/view/6072

Determination of Human Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Mediated Sciatic Nerve Recovery Associated with Upregulation of Regulatory T Cells | Chapter 5 | Current Advances in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 7

 Peripheral nerve injuries are distinct from central nervous system (CNS) injuries, which often affect end-target organs and can result in denervation and function loss. For functional nerve healing, it's critical to speed up peripheral nerve regeneration. The direct upregulation and release of neurotrophic factors by human Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ-MSC) promotes sciatic nerve repair and regeneration, according to a prior study. The immunomodulatory role of hWJ-MSC in sciatic nerve healing, on the other hand, is unknown. Flow cytometry was used to investigate the effects of hWJ-MSC on innate immunity, as represented by macrophages, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells, as well as adaptive immunity, as represented by CD4+ T, CD8+ T, B, and regulatory T cells (Tregs). On POD7, 15, 21, and 35, a significantly higher level of Tregs was found in blood, lymph nodes (LNs), and nerve-infiltrating cells. In the LNs and nerves of hWJ-MSC-treated mice, anti-inflammatory cytokines such IL-4 and IL-10 were dramatically elevated. Treg depletion reversed hWJ-beneficial MSC's effects on sciatic nerve healing. Treg treatment, on the other hand, aided functional recovery of the five-toe spread and gait stance. TGF- and IL-35, two anti-inflammatory cytokines, were found abundant in hWJ-MSC. This study found that hWJ-MSC induce Treg formation to alter the balance between pro- and anti-inflammation by secreting larger quantities of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the damaged sciatic nerve.

Author (s) Details

Aline Yen Ling Wang
Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.

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