Physical Education and Physical Fitness Across Development: A Neurodevelopmental Perspective on Childhood and Adolescence |Chapter 2 | An Overview of Disease and Health Research Vol. 10

 

Physical education is a fundamental component of childhood and adolescent development, contributing not only to physical fitness but also to cognitive, emotional, and psychosocial maturation. Contemporary evidence from developmental neuroscience highlights adolescence as a sensitive period of heightened neuroplasticity, during which physical activity exerts profound effects on brain structure and function. School-based physical education provides a unique environment that combines movement, novelty, skill acquisition, and peer interaction; key drivers of neural adaptation during this developmental “grey zone.” This chapter examines physical education as a neurodevelopmentally active process, synthesising evidence on its role in enhancing physical fitness alongside executive function, emotional regulation, motivation, and mental well-being. By integrating perspectives from exercise science and adolescent neuroscience, the chapter emphasises the need to design physical education programs that align with brain maturation processes to optimise both physical and mental health outcomes in children and adolescents.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Akanksha Nagar

BFUHS, India and Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health and Allied Sciences, Guru Kashi University, Bathinda, Punjab, 151302, India.

 

Himanshu Kaushal
Department of Neurology, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College & Hospital, Faridkot, Punjab, 151203, India.

 

Jaspreet Vij
Institute of Physiotherapy, University Regional Centre, Sri Goindwal Sahib, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Punjab, 151203, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/aodhr/v10/7018

Integrated Neurorehabilitation (INRA) for Children with Cerebral Palsy: Protocol and Case Report on Promoting Neuroplasticity | Chapter 5 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

Cerebral palsy (CP) is the commonest cause of physical disability in children, but optimal rehabilitative protocols have yet to be determined, and progress in developing novel interventions has been slow. Neuroplasticity is no longer thought to be fixed in childhood, but instead develops throughout life; however, the best way to exploit the remodeling brain has yet to be determined. The management of CP must, therefore, be multidisciplinary to achieve the best outcomes. The use of nutraceuticals (a food or product with health benefits, or a dietary supplement) in the management of cerebral palsy is less well documented, but there are a few examples of studies examining the use of vitamin supplementation in children with CP,18,19 and children with CP are known to suffer from micronutrient deficiencies and anti-oxidant imbalances. This study presents a novel multimodal integrative medicine protocol for the management of children and adolescents with CP termed Integrated Neurorehabilitation (INRA). The basic INRA protocol combines physical therapy, magnetostimulation, and a nutraceutical regimen to provide endogenous and exogenous neurorestorative stimuli to damaged corticospinal pathways on a background of an optimized neuronal microenvironment. A 13-year-old boy with cerebral palsy was referred to the clinic with severe motor, intellectual, and speech deficits.  This study illustrates the protocol with the case of a 13-year-old boy showing marked improvements in gross motor function (GMFM-88 score 82% from 59%), speech (TOM score 3 from 0), and cognition (TOEM score 3 from 1) after four years of therapy. There was also a slight increase in his IQ and a decrease in epileptiform activity on EEG. Epileptiform activity on EEG was reduced. This study describe the protocol in full and the scientific rationale for its implementation. IRNA can be used alongside existing medical and rehabilitative regimens to promote neuroplasticity and synaptogenesis. Further testing of the protocol is required in a prospective clinical trial.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Maja Roje Novak
Neurologija-dr.Maja Roje Novak d.o.o., Private Clinic, Pavla Hatza 27, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v2/2685

Neurorehabilitation in Neuro-COVID| Book Publisher International

 Corona-virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the newly emerged coronavirus [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)], affected the public health in the world. Acute and chronic neurological issues, considered as consequences of COVID-19, are denominated Neuro-COVID.

 

Physical rehabilitation should be offered to all patients with Neuro-COVID.

 

Rehabilitation procedures begin during the acute stage and continue after hospital discharge – in post-acute phase and during long-term treatment.

 

We present principles of neurorehabilitation (NR) in neuro-COVID.

 

Special attention was paid to the process of NR of patients with some neurological complications of COVID-19, as follows: cerebral vascular accidents, spinal ischemic stroke, relapses of multiple sclerosis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, development of rare diseases (as cerebellar ataxia or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis /motor neuron disease/), etc. The importance of grasp and gait recovery for patients’ autonomy in everyday life is underlined.

 

We emphasize on the impact of Information and Communication technologies (ICT) in the clinical practice: robotics, neurorobotics, virtual reality.

 

We accentuate on the role of digital competences of members of the interdisciplinary and multi-professional rehabilitation team.

 

We present typical and rare clinical cases (consequences and complications of COVID-19), treated by robotic neurorehabilitation.

 

Our results demonstrated positive effects of ICT-application on the neuroplasticity, functional recovery and quality of life of neurological patients.

Author(s) Details:

Ivet Borissova Koleva,
Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria, Multi-profile Hospital for Long-term Care and Rehabilitation “Serdika” with Medical Center for Robotic Neurorehabilitation “ReGo”, Bulgaria and National Heart Hospital, Cardiorehabilitation Department, Sofia, Bulgaria.

Borislav Radoslavov Yoshinov,
Medical Faculty, Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria.

Radoslav Radoslavov Yoshinov

University for Library Studies and Information Technologies UNIBIT, Sofia, Bulgaria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NNC/article/view/11103 

Study about Neuroplasticity and Spinal Cord Injury: Pathophysiology and Epidemiology | Chapter 15 | Current Practice in Medical Science Vol. 3

Neuroplasticity is a phenomena that occurs from the time of conception until old age and has distinct properties throughout life. There are three alternative approaches to understand neuroplasticity: morphological neuroplasticity, functional neuroplasticity, and synaptic plasticity. On the other hand, there are several events, such as ontogenetic plasticity, critical period, and impriting, that occur during the development of the nervous system in the embryonic and postnatal periods. Neuroplasticity, whether morphological, functional, or synaptic, is a process that underlies the dysfunctions that occur throughout life. In order to restore the destroyed circuit that will result in a neuroregenerative process, this work investigates the mechanism of neuroplasticity involving spinal cord injuries. a functional recovery, that is. Numerous organic barriers, including gliosis or the release of neurotoxic molecules, as well as other dysfunctions, were discovered both during and after the trauma mechanism, i.e., there is a primary injury brought on by the trauma itself and a secondary injury that is characterised by a chemical injury brought on by trauma, as well as an inflammatory reaction, among other things. On the basis of these earlier discoveries, pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies have been created to enhance the neuroplasticity process and attempt to stop or slow down the chemical damage process. The work's main goals were to define and illustrate further uses of the term "neuroplasticity," discuss a few pathological and non-pathological circumstances, and, lastly, illustrate how neuroplasticity and some of its therapies relate to the progression of spinal cord injury. To further develop this study, a narrative evaluation of the literature from the PubMed and UpTo Date platforms from 2000 to 2020 was conducted, as well as an examination of three books. Studies on diseases and methods of treating spinal cord injuries in humans and animals were covered. Articles from before 2000 were disqualified. For the 1990s Bracken studies, an exception was made. In order to promote adequate neuroplasticity in the lesion and reduce the chemical lesion as well as other dysfunctions present at the site, pharmacological studies involving parenteral drug administration were discovered. However, many side effects, such as overdose, were reported after administration. As a result, non-pharmacological techniques incorporating, among other things, spinal supports, stem cells, and nanotechnology were created. Although some of the materials employed did not work for the therapy, nanotechnology showed promise in both the treatment and other forms. It can be said that the best way to treat spinal cord injury is to combine pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments because it encourages neuroplasticity and helps patients with spinal cord injury overcome organic barriers and other dysfunctions. If further research yields reliable and positive results, the treatment should be registered and patented for spinal cord injury patients.

Author(s) Details:

Vinicius Benatti Freire,

Nove de Julho University, Campus Vergueiro, Brazil.

Lucas Cressoni de Souza,

Nove de Julho University, Campus Vergueiro, Brazil.

Mario Henrique de Lima Martinelli,

Nove de Julho University, Campus Vergueiro, Brazil.

Antônio Eduardo Damin,

Department of Neurology of the Nove de Julho UNiversity Medical School, Neurologist and Professor of Neurology at Nove de Julho University Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil .

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMS-V3/article/view/7393