Aberrant CD Expression in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia- A Cohort Study in Sri Lanka | Chapter 5 | Disease and Health Research - New Insights Vol. 1

 

Background: Acute leukaemia is defined as the presence of over 20% of blasts cells in the blood or bone marrow. Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) are the 2 main types. Acute myeloid leukaemia is a cancer of the myeloid lineage of blood cells and it is the commonest form of acute leukaemia in adults with a median age of 65 years. AMLs have characteristic morphological findings and molecular features with different surface and cytoplasmic cluster of differentiation (CD) markers. These CD markers are determined by immunophenotyping/flow cytometry on leukocytes which helps with accurate diagnosis and reproducibility of AMLs. Flow cytometry plays an important role in the diagnosis, sub classification and monitoring of patients with AML. AML generally shows aberrant CD expression or co- expression in relation to normal myeloid cells.

Objective of the Study: Objective of the Study was to evaluate the frequency and the pattern of aberrant CD expression in AML patients referred to a tertiary care hospital in Sri Lanka in comparison to other published data. There was no comparative data available in respect of Sri Lanka.

Materials and Methods: A retrospective descriptive study including 26 cases of AML diagnosed over a period of 12 months were analyzed. Diagnosis of AML was made by morphology of peripheral blood, bone marrow, trephine biopsies, Sudan Black B stain and the immunophenotypic analysis by multiparameter flow cytometry on bone marrow aspirates or peripheral blood. The markers used in flow cytometry were CD 45, CD34, CD19, CD7, smCD3, cyCD3, cyMPO, cyCD79a, CD20, CD15, CD10, CD5, HLADR, CD64, CD13, CD117, CD33, and CD14. The identification of blasts cells was performed using forward scatter (FSC) versus side scatter (SSC) parameters and CD45 intensity versus SSC dot plots.

Results: Diagnosed AMLs were morphologically classified according to the French-American-British (FAB) Classification (FAB Subtypes). Among the 26 AML patients, 15 cases (57.69%) had the conventional CD antigen expressions of myeloid lineage. Other 11 cases (42.3%) were AML with aberrant expression of CD markers. Aberrancies of cyCD3 and CD7 were observed in 54.5% and 45.4% AML cases, respectively. smCD3 in 1 case out of 11 aberrant AML cases. Co expression of T lymphoid markers with myeloid markers occurred in 23% cases in our study. CD13 was not expressed in 1 case out of 5 AML- M4 cases and 1 case out of 7 AML- M1. CD33 was not expressed in 1 case out of 2 AML -M0 cases.

Conclusion: We conclude that aberrant expression of CD markers is seen in a significant population of AMLs. cyCD 3, CD7 and smCD 3 were the aberrant markers present in our study population with cyCD3 showing highest frequency.

 

Author(s) Details

Dr. (Ms). C. C. Kariyawasan (MBBS, Diploma in Pathology, MD in Haematology)

Department of Hematology, Sri Jayewardenepura General Hospital, Sri Lanka

 

B. L. T. Balasuriya (B.Sc in Medical Laboratory Sciences (Special), M.Phil. (Haematology-reading)

Department of Hematology, Sri Jayewardenepura General Hospital, Sri Lanka.

 

S. A. C. D. Ranatunga (B.Sc in Medical Laboratory Sciences (Special), M.Sc in Molecular Pathology)

Department of Hematology, Sri Jayewardenepura General Hospital, Sri Lanka.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/dhrni/v1/984

DNA Damage in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Neutrophils of Dairy Cows during the Transition Period: Experimental Investigation | Chapter 14 | Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 5

 The purpose concerning this study was to examine the apoptotic process in peripheral ancestry mononuclear cells (PBMC) and polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes (PMN) in creamery cattle all the while the transition ending. This period is from marked changes in the endocrine rank of the animals that are much more moving than at any different time in the removal of liquid gestation era, and by a reduction in feed consumption when nutrient demand for the evolving conceptus and the impending lactogenesis are increasing. Blood samples were captured from four dairy cows three weeks before discharged parturition (wk -3), all the while parturition (ww 0), and three weeks subsequently parturition (wk +3). The meteor test was used to assess the DNA damage of PBMC and PMN utilizing visual notch (arbitrary wholes). Undamaged DNA remained in the gist (score 0), while broken DNA well-traveled from the core to the anode, create a comet tail (cut 1-4).  Significantly higher scores in PBMC were stated at wk 0 and wk +3 compared to PMN, in spite of no significant changes in scores in either container type across the study period. It has happened suggested that the apoptotic rate of PBMC is faster than that of PMC all along the transition ending.

Author(s) Details:

Mohamed Tharwat,
Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt and Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia.

Shin Oikawa,
Veterinary Herd Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Japan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ARBS-V5/article/view/12587

Treatment of Skin Wounds in Old Animals Using Mesenzymal Progenitor Cells and Polymer Gel Compositions| Chapter 14 | Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol.11

The goal of this study was to see how successful progenitor mesenchymal stem cells were as injections and as part of a polymer hydrogel for wound healing in elderly animals.

Materials and Methods: On the backs of 9-month-old white Wistar rats, fixed-size wounds (average area of 135.8 mm2) were simulated. On the day of the modelling, MSC were extracted from a human umbilical cord and injected into the wounds once (SC group). MSC were administered externally on a regular basis as one of the components of the polymer hydrogel in other animals (Polymer sc group). Examining undamaged contralateral wounds on the opposite side of the same animal's back was used to assess the cells' systemic effect (control sc and Control Psc groups, respectively). The Control 0 group included the intact reference wounds. Dynamic analysis of the wound region was carried out. The collagen fibres' maturity, the epidermal layers, and the number of fibroblasts and leukocytes in different regions of the wounds were all assessed using descriptive microscopy.

The administration of MSCs, both locally and systemically, promoted wound repair. During the acute inflammatory phase, the method and site of application had little effect on the dynamics of wound healing (up to 3 days). Polymer sc was shown to be the most effective in the end. A reduction in leukocyte infiltration in wound centres (Polymer sc and SC groups) and edges (all groups, with the greatest extent in the Polymer sc group) indicated MSC's anti-inflammatory impact. The proliferative phase, which shows itself as increased fibroblast number and collagen production, was observed in the Control Psc group, particularly in the Polymer sc group.

Conclusion: MSC therapy improves and speeds wound healing in a variety of ways, even in elderly animals. In the Polymer sc category, the best results were achieved.

Author(s) Details:

Natalia Manturova,
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Cosmetology and Cell Technologies, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.


Victor Stupin,
Department of Hospital Surgery no 1, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.


Ekaterina Silina,
Institute of Biodesign and Modeling of Complex Systems, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/IDMMR-V11/article/view/6086

Morphometric Parameters of Leukocytes in the Management of Sepsis Running Title: Cell Population Data in Sepsis | Chapter 4 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 9

 Sepsis is a medical emergency that describes the body's systemic immunological response to an infection, which can lead to organic dysfunction and death. Sepsis is a severe, high-prevalence, severe, and health-care-burdening inflammatory illness.

Sepsis remains one of the primary causes of morbidity and mortality in critically sick patients, despite progress in understanding the pathophysiology of the illness and treatment.

Early detection and management are critical for better outcomes, which inspired the concept of the "golden hour," during which shock and organic malfunction can be corrected to improve patient outcomes. However, the earliest symptoms of sepsis are frequently ambiguous, making it difficult to determine the severity of the condition. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome manifests as abnormalities in temperature, heart and respiration rates, and leukocyte counts (SIRS).

Diagnosis, care, and follow-up of sepsis patients are difficult, and a number of biomarkers, such as lactic acid, procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, and immature granulocytes, have been proposed for early diagnosis and prognosis of septic patients. Leukocytes interact with endothelium cells, causing a humoral, cellular, and neuroendocrine reaction in the host. New leukocyte-derived parameters are emerging as potentially useful markers in various clinical situations. The new generation of hematological analyzers incorporates technological innovations that allow to expand the information derived from the complete blood count: new leukocyte-derived parameters are emerging as potentially useful markers in various clinical situations.

Additional analysis criteria Cell Population Data (CPD) has just been available, which characterizes diverse leukocyte populations. preliminary data suggest they could be effective in the diagnosis of sepsis The importance of CPD for early diagnosis of sepsis, as stated by current cellular counters, and hence the potential improvement in patient outcomes, is highlighted in this review.

Author (s) Details

Eloísa Urrechaga
Biocruces Bizkaia Research Institute, Cruces Plaza, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain.

View Book : - https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V9/article/view/1024