DNA Damage in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Neutrophils of Dairy Cows during the Transition Period: Experimental Investigation | Chapter 14 | Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 5

 The purpose concerning this study was to examine the apoptotic process in peripheral ancestry mononuclear cells (PBMC) and polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes (PMN) in creamery cattle all the while the transition ending. This period is from marked changes in the endocrine rank of the animals that are much more moving than at any different time in the removal of liquid gestation era, and by a reduction in feed consumption when nutrient demand for the evolving conceptus and the impending lactogenesis are increasing. Blood samples were captured from four dairy cows three weeks before discharged parturition (wk -3), all the while parturition (ww 0), and three weeks subsequently parturition (wk +3). The meteor test was used to assess the DNA damage of PBMC and PMN utilizing visual notch (arbitrary wholes). Undamaged DNA remained in the gist (score 0), while broken DNA well-traveled from the core to the anode, create a comet tail (cut 1-4).  Significantly higher scores in PBMC were stated at wk 0 and wk +3 compared to PMN, in spite of no significant changes in scores in either container type across the study period. It has happened suggested that the apoptotic rate of PBMC is faster than that of PMC all along the transition ending.

Author(s) Details:

Mohamed Tharwat,
Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt and Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia.

Shin Oikawa,
Veterinary Herd Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Japan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ARBS-V5/article/view/12587

Genotoxic Effect of Inorganic Arsenic Compounds Using Comet Assay | Chapter 7 | Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 2

 Background: Arsenic is a toxicological threat in the environment today since it has been shown to be a human genotoxin and carcinogen.

Aim : The aim of this study was to determine the genotoxic effect of the four arsenic compounds in HepG2 cells by measuring DNA damage, cellular glutathione (GSH) depletion as a measure of oxidative stress and antioxidant agent, as well as apoptotic and necrotic events.

Design of the Study: Arsenic is a toxicological threat in the world today since it has been shown to be a human genotoxin and carcinogen. Arsenate (As+5), sodium arsenite (As+3), arsenic trioxide (As2O3), and dimethyl arsenic acid (DMA+5), a major metabolite of arsenate, were investigated in this project.

Methodology : HepG2 cells (1.5x105/ml) were treated for 24 hours with the four arsenics (10 M). GSH concentration was determined using reverse phase HPLC with fluorescence detection on harvested cells. The Comet assay was used to look for DNA damage in cells. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis and necrosis in cells at the same time.

Results : The DNA damage in cells given DMA or As2O3 was not significantly different from that in control cells. Cells treated with arsenite and arsenate, on the other hand, showed substantial DNA damage (p0.001, p0.05, respectively). When compared to a control group, arsenic compounds increased glutathione levels. However, only arsenite (p0.001) and arsenate (p0.05) were statistically relevant. However, the findings did not show apoptosis or necrosis in viable adherent cells, despite the fact that this was not statistically significant.

Conclusions: When compared to control, all four arsenicals appeared to increase GSH content and DNA damage, with both arsenite and arsenate being significantly different. More research is required to determine the mechanism(s) of arsenical genotoxicity in GSH depletion.

Author (s) Details

Ghazalla Benhusein
Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tripoli University, P.O.Box 13645, Tripoli, Libya.

Elaine Mutch
Toxicology Unit, Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 4th Floor Devonshire Building, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom.

Faith Williams
Toxicology Unit, Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 4th Floor Devonshire Building, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/TIPR-V2/issue/view/55