Administration of Ultra Disperse Nanoparticles to Create Hyperthermia In vitro and In vivo, for the Treatment of Cancer Diseases by Brownian and Neel Mechanisms | Chapter 14 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

Background: Magnetic hyperthermia is a technique that proposes the annihilation of cancer cells through the elevation of cell temperature above 316K by utilizing the heat dissipated by magnetic particles exposed to an alternating magnetic field.

Aim: The idea of the invention is that Ultradisperse superparamagnetic nanoceramic particles are received in rotating cathode equipment.

Methods: The microstructure of powder is studied by electronic microscopy and X-ray analysis. Also, powder homogeneity, particle size distribution and, respectively, stability and magnetic susceptibility are studied by magnetometric method. The average sizes of particles are 30‐100 nm. The powder is homogeneous and in the process of analysis, it was revealed its good stability. The research object is superparamagnetic powder. The relative value of its magnetic susceptibility is 1.00037. Sample magnetization measurements are done at cooling in zero magnetic field (ZFC) and in nonzero field (FC) modes, also magnetic hysteresis curves are measured at low and high temperatures compared to the mean blocking temperature (T_B) for measured samples. From the state of maximum on the ZFC curve, it was deduced that the temperature of blocking in the given superparamagnetic subsystem of particles is T_B ~ 60 K.

Results: The practical innovation is that for the first time in Georgia, the local monotherapy and adjuvant effects of locally controlled hyperthermia in the polychemotherapeutic treatment of tumors were studied with the help of the created devices. For the first time in Georgia, medical devices for locally controlled hyperthermia were developed. Accordingly, with the help of these devices, an innovative technology for hyperthermia was created.

Conclusion: A completely new methodology and technology is being created. Significant progress has been made in experiments on animals and voluntary patients.

 

Author (s) Details

Zviad Kovziridze
Department of Chemical and Biological Technologies, Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Kostava St. 77, Tbilisi, 0175, Georgia.

 

Jurgen G. Heinrich
Institute of Nonmetallic Materials, Clausthal University of Technology, Zehntnerstrasse 2a, Clausthal – Zellerfeld, 38678, Germany.

 

Reinhard Goerke
Institute of Nonmetallic Materials, Clausthal University of Technology, Zehntnerstrasse 2a, Clausthal – Zellerfeld, 38678, Germany.

 

Gregor Mamniashvili
Department of Condensed Matter Physics, E. Andronikashvili Institute of Physics, Tamarashvili St. 6, Tbilisi, 0162, Georgia.

 

Zurab Chachkhiani
Department of Chemical and Biological Technologies, Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Kostava St. 77, Tbilisi, 0175, Georgia.

 

Nunu Mitskevich
Department of Chemical and Biological Technologies, Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Kostava St. 77, Tbilisi, 0175, Georgia.

 

Reinhard Goerke
Institute of Nonmetallic Materials, Clausthal University of Technology, Zehntnerstrasse 2a, Clausthal – Zellerfeld, 38678, Germany.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v2/2803 

Evaluation of Acute Pancreatitis in a Tertiary Centre: A Prospective Observational Study | Chapter 13| Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

Background: The etiology and clinical manifestations of pancreatitis have great variations. Acute pancreatitis is a common condition characterized by diverse etiologies, clinical presentations, and diagnostic findings. The disease may be mild or severe, may lead to multi-organ failures and death. The most common cause is biliary tract diseases. Other causes are alcohol consumption, post-ERCP (Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography), trauma, idiopathic and drugs, viral infections, genetic mutations and connective tissue disorders.

Methods: This is a prospective observational study conducted at SGT Medical College, Budhera, Gurugram, Haryana, from January 2017 to June 2019 in 100 consecutive patients. The data was collected from case sheets and detailed clinical findings and investigations, treatment and complications from each patient. Analysis was made using software SPSS for Windows 7. The chi-square test and probability (p) value were used to establish the status of significance.

Results: Most of the patients were from the age group 41-55 years. The most common etiology of acute pancreatitis was gallstone, followed by alcohol-induced cases. Other causes were idiopathic, post ERCP and trauma. Pain, distention abdomen, vomiting, fever and jaundice were presenting features. Serum amylase, serum lipase, USG abdomen and CECT (Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography) abdomen were diagnostic investigations. Complications included local and systemic. Mortality was 7%. The results of the study are quite comfortable and it is probably due to meticulous care at all steps. A local complication rate of 16% was achieved in the study.

Conclusions: Acute pancreatitis is mild in most of the cases and recovery is good. Severe cases should be meticulously treated as mortality rates are higher. They should be treated in the ICU under the guidance of an intensivist. This study results show that patients with severe diseases should be meticulously monitored clinically, biochemically, hemodynamically and radiologically.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Kanwar Singh Goel
Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SGT Medical College, Budhera, Gurugram, Haryana, India.

 

Nikhil Goel
Department of Psychiatry, Shaheed Hasan Khan Mewati Government Medical College, Nuh, Haryana, India.

Sapna Goel
Department of Pathology, Shaheed Hasan Khan Mewati Government Medical College, Nuh, Haryana, India.

Tarun Gupta
Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SGT Medical College, Budhera, Gurugram, Haryana, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v2/2872

Ceramide Synthase Isoforms and Insulin Resistance: A Molecular Perspective | Chapter 12 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

The review analyzes the literature data that forms the basis for the "ceramide-centric" view of insulin resistance pathogenesis and obesity-associated diabetes mellitus type 2. The results of recent independent studies have shown that normal sphingolipid metabolism is one of the most important conditions for maintaining glucose homeostasis in the body. The lipid analysis of adipose tissue, skeletal muscles and liver in rodents with experimental obesity, as well as biopsic specimens of diabetics, indicate the high pathogenicity of specific ceramide family members. Analysis of the clinical material and the results of model experiments showed that increased expression of the isoenzyme CerS-6 positively correlated with the degree of resistance to insulin. The degree of pathogenicity is determined by the length of the acyl chain included in de novo synthesized ceramide with the involvement of one of the six ceramide synthase isoenzymes. Selective inhibition of the ceramide synthase-6 isoenzyme to reduce the tissue level of the most pathogenic C16:0-ceramide may be a promising approach for correcting insulin resistance. The creation of a specific inhibitor of CerS-6 will allow selectively to reduce the tissue content of C16:0-ceramide, which, apparently, may contribute to the development of a new direction of pathogenetically grounded pharmacological correction of obesity-associated insulin resistance.

 

Author (s) Details

Kuzmenko Dmitry Ivanovich
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of the Siberian State Medical University, SSMU, 634055, Tomsk, Moskovsky trakt, 2, Building 2. Russia.

 

Klimentyeva Tatyana Konstantinovna
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of the Siberian State Medical University, SSMU, 634055, Tomsk, Moskovsky trakt, 2, Building 2. Russia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v2/2795

 

Low Dose Biophotonic Treatment Enhances Oxygen Saturation and Hematologic Parameters | Chapter 11 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

The prevalence of diabetes, especially Type 2 diabetes or NIDDM is approaching epidemic proportions in much of Westernized society as the populations continue to age and as the prevalence of obesity, overweight conditions, and their common pathophysiologic sequelae emerge in parallel, while effective therapeutic options often place a strain on available resources. Applications of controlled UV irradiation however represent a novel potential approach in the treatment of a broad variety of metabolic conditions including NIDDM.  The aim of the study is to examine the impact of Low Dose Biophotonic Treatment on Hematologic Parameters and Oxygen Saturation. The wide-ranging effects of healthful vs. damaging consequences of UV irradiation on key physiologic parameters are reviewed in this paper. The effects are largely dependent on the wavelengths encountered, the absolute intensity and duration of the exposure, the tissues exposed, and whether the UV effects were delivered via in vivo or as an extracorporeal exposure in vitro typically performed with freshly obtained heparinized aliquots of whole blood. The mechanism for the biophotonic-mediated alterations in hemoglobin glycation remain speculative however, and may be due to a pH induced reversal or limitation at the level of the committed step in the glycation process as depicted in Fig. 4 as a result of the biophotonic excitation. While damaging effects of high UV intensity may include irreversible irradiation damage to key cellular and molecular components, controlled low dosages of UV irradiation delivered via a conventional biophotonic apparatus at specific, controlled wavelengths can deliver beneficial effects on blood oxygenation, tissue repair, immune responses, glycemia, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) concentrations. HbA1c is an important diagnostic marker for the effectiveness of diabetes management. Studies reviewed demonstrate increases in blood oxygenation and corresponding decreases in HbA1c concentrations following nominal low dose biophotonic treatment at selected wavelengths and indicate that the application of this therapy extends beyond its more commonly applied applications in the treatment and control of infectious illnesses. Oxygen availability in combination with ‘good’ ROS responses is a crucial component of a healthy wellbeing and immune responses and are important constituents of the broad spectrum of beneficial effects of UV- biophotonic therapy, and signal the reemergence of an old and reliable treatment for both old and emerging diseases.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Orien L. Tulp
Colleges of Medicine and Graduate Studies, University of Science, Arts and Technology, Montserrat, British West Indies, Einstein Medical Institute, NPB, FL, USA and Colleges of Medicine and Graduate Studies, University of Science, Arts and Technology, Montserrat, Larkin Hospital, Miami FL, USA.

 

Syed A. A. Rizvi
Colleges of Medicine and Graduate Studies, University of Science, Arts and Technology, Montserrat, British West Indies, Einstein Medical Institute, NPB, FL, USA, Colleges of Medicine and Graduate Studies, University of Science, Arts and Technology, Montserrat, Larkin Hospital, Miami FL, USA and Colleges of Medicine and Graduate Studies, University of Science, Arts and Technology, Montserrat, Einstein Medical Institute, NPB, FL, USA.

 

George P. Einstein
Colleges of Medicine and Graduate Studies, University of Science, Arts and Technology, Montserrat, British West Indies, Einstein Medical Institute, NPB, FL, USA and Colleges of Medicine and Graduate Studies, University of Science, Arts and Technology, Montserrat, Larkin Hospital, Miami FL, USA.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v2/2511

Application of MRI Imaging of Focal Adenomyosis and Adenomyotic Cyst: A Case Report of a 42-Year-Old Female | Chapter 10 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

Adenomyosis is a common benign uterine disease characterized by the presence of ectopic endometrial glands and stroma within the myometrium. This happens when the normal boundary between the endometrial basal layer and the myometrium is disrupted. Adenomyosis is defined by the presence of ectopic endometrial glands and stroma within the myometrium. This happens when the normal boundary between the endometrial basal layer and the myometrium is disrupted. It is hypothesized that factors such as uterine trauma, pregnancy, postpartum endometritis, or caesarean delivery may contribute to its development. Adenomyosis has been noted to occur in about 30% of the general female population and the reported prevalence of adenomyosis in hysterectomy specimens varies from 5% to 70%.

A case of a 42-year-old female, nulligravida, with a medical history of complete spontaneous miscarriage five years ago, was reported. The patient experienced uncontrolled bleeding, necessitating treatment with cervical cerclage.

The patient presented with menstrual menometrorrhagia and dysmenorrhea treated with oral contraceptive pills but the symptoms persisted. Transvaginal sonography showed a globular uterine enlargement with one leiomyoma and thickened uterine walls. Vascular malformation or adenomyosis were suspected. An MRI was performed, confirming findings consistent with adenomyosis. Adenomyosis can become a debilitating disease in women. It was also noted that the definitive treatment of adenomyosis is currently hysterectomy; however, uterine artery embolization has been described as an alternative treatment, though its outcomes are not always satisfactory. MRI offers the advantage of radiation-free imaging, superior visualization of uterine morphology, and the ability to identify specific signs that facilitate accurate diagnosis.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Guarín JMP
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.

 

Río JV
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.

 

Benítez GM
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.

 

Cordón FD
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v2/2277

AYUSH System Providing Opportunities for Health Promotion and Wellness | Chapter 9 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

Background: Ever since the world has been made humans have been living a healthy life of 100 years life expectancy. But as time passed lifestyles changed and people started practicing Apathya Ahara and Vihara ignoring the needs of their bodies just for the leisure of the materialistic world. Arogya means Complete Positive Health, which is the Fundamental Human Right. A known proverb says `Health is Wealth` which is true because a Healthy Mind and Body can only achieve the ultimate goal of life. Today when there are numerous diseases like COVID-19 are coming up there is a need to go back to our forgotten roots which is AYUSH.

Materials and Methods: Various Ayurvedic Classical texts, articles, and journals have been analysed.

Results: It has always focussed on Prevention and Healthy Living by individuals and communities. AYUSH can be the best way to reduce the burden of diseases from Country and World through its simple basic preventive Lifestyle Regimens to be followed by everyone in the World. That can be only through Health Promotion by AYUSH Practioners to the base level of Primary Health Care.

Discussion: When everyone learns about the significance of AYUSH services then they will accept it by heart as they are the most affordable and accessible facilities. Presently it is the time to work collaboratively with the community, government, medical facilities and other sectors to achieve the Social Global Target of `Health for All`. Currently, the Concept of One Health is the main focus for all. Even though the government is trying its best to provide the best health care services, it is a shear responsibility of every individual to maintain his or her health by making good choices for achieving healthy longevity.

Conclusion: The study concluded that encouraging AYUSH practices in the public and private sectors will lead to better health. An era of holistic health and integrated medicine has begun now and from here this will be proliferated to the world so that the social global target of one health can be achieved and all live a meaningful and balanced life.

 

Author (s) Details

Khyati
Department of Swasthavritta Evum Yoga, Kunwar Shekhar Vijendra Ayurved Medical College and Research Centre, Shobhit University, Gangoh, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Satya Manav Dayal
Department of Swasthavritta, Uttaranchal Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Dehradun, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v2/3003

Impact of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) Devices in Managing Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Observational Study | Chapter 8 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

In the United States, there are around 90 million individuals affected by impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting blood glucose(pre-diabetes), with an additional 34 million diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM). Among those diagnosed, the majority (90-95%) have type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), while 5-10% have type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) or other rare forms of the disease. This retrospective study aimed to assess the effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices in managing uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM). The study cohort comprised 25 patients with uncontrolled diabetes who received treatment at an internal medicine resident clinic. The objective was to evaluate the impact of transitioning from self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) to CGM devices on glycemic control, as measured by changes in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, average blood glucose levels, hypoglycemic events, time spent within the target blood sugar range, and glucose variability. The main objective of the study was also to see if this can be done by Internal medicine residents in the Residency clinic after appropriate education by a Board Certified Endocrinologist. It is known that this is the first project of introduction of CGM in an Internal medicine clinic and not a specialized endocrine clinic in a project driven by Internal medicine residents. This can be introduced in other internal medicine residency programs in the United States to improve the quality of treatment of Diabetes and the quality of education of Internal medicine Residents. The findings indicated significant improvements in glycemic control with the adoption of CGM devices, highlighting their potential benefits for optimizing diabetes management. The mean HbA1c after transitioning from self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) to CGM decreased from 11.21% to 7.04% and average blood glucose decreased from 286 mg/dl to 158 mg/dl. Time in range increased after the transition to CGM from 18% to 74%, and mild hypoglycemia decreased from 4.75% to 0.78%. The dangerous more pronounced hypoglycemia of less than 54 mg/dl decreased after the switch from SMBG to CGM from 3.01% to 0.2%. All patients were using 3-4 injections of Insulin per day plus other injectable or peroral antidiabetic medications.

The study is fascinating because it was done in an internal medicine continuity clinic with the main participation of the internal medicine residents under the supervision of an endocrinologist. It was not done as the majority of the other studies used CGM in specialized endocrinology clinics.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Andre E. Manov
Department of Internal Medicine, Mountain View Hospital, Sunrise Health Graduate Medical Education (GME), Consortium, Las Vegas, USA.

 

Rakahn Haddadin
Department of Internal Medicine, Mountain View Hospital, Sunrise Health Graduate Medical Education (GME), Consortium, Las Vegas, USA.

 

Sukhjinder Chauhan
Department of Internal Medicine, Mountain View Hospital, Sunrise Health Graduate Medical Education (GME), Consortium, Las Vegas, USA.

 

Gundip Dhillon
Department of Internal Medicine, Mountain View Hospital, Sunrise Health Graduate Medical Education (GME), Consortium, Las Vegas, USA.

 

Athena Dhaliwal
Department of Internal Medicine, Mountain View Hospital, Sunrise Health Graduate Medical Education (GME), Consortium, Las Vegas, USA.

 

Sabrina Antonio
Department of Anesthesiology, Mountain View Hospital, Sunrise Health Graduate Medical Education (GME) Consortium, Las Vegas, USA.

 

Ashrita Donepudi
Department of Internal Medicine, Mountain View Hospital, Sunrise Health Graduate Medical Education (GME), Consortium, Las Vegas, USA.

 

Yema N. Jalal
Department of Internal Medicine, Mountain View Hospital, Sunrise Health Graduate Medical Education (GME), Consortium, Las Vegas, USA.

 

Jonathan Nazha
Department of Radiology, Mountain View Hospital, Sunrise Health Graduate Medical Education (GME) Consortium, Las Vegas, USA.

 

Melissa Banal
Department of Radiology, Mountain View Hospital, Sunrise Health Graduate Medical Education (GME) Consortium, Las Vegas, USA.

Joseph House
Department of Radiology, Mountain View Hospital, Sunrise Health Graduate Medical Education (GME) Consortium, Las Vegas, USA.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v2/2997

Mental Health Associated with the Teaching of Medicolegal Autopsy among Medical Students in Sikkim School of Medicine | Chapter 7 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

Background: Contemplating the curriculum of an Indian Medical Undergraduate, the demonstration of autopsy is still considered to be the cornerstone of Forensic Medicine. A medicolegal autopsy has always been perceived negatively by the public either due to their religious beliefs or due to their preconceived notions or fear of handling dead bodies’ associated with laws. Considering these prejudices, a study was undertaken not only to assess the knowledge, attitude & perception of a medical undergraduate but also to understand the reflection of this societal stigma on a medical student. It was these reasons that led to the study of Mental Health Associated with the Teaching of Medicolegal Autopsy among Medical Students in Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Sikkim Manipal University to specifically determine how knowledge, attitude & practice influence the mental health of medical students while learning medicolegal autopsy in forensic medicine.

Materials and Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional and triangulation designs were used in the survey and interviews of 200 medical students pursuing medicine in SMIMS, Gangtok, Sikkim who participated voluntarily in the study wherein structured questionnaire in Google form was distributed through Google link validated through their electronic mail i.d. & registration number.

Results: Out of 191 medical students, the number of students was predominantly females with a ratio of 1:1.30 (M: F). 87.96% of the students knew that the medicolegal autopsy is done for all sudden, suspicious & unexpected deaths, and 90.05% of students strongly affirmed that the medicolegal autopsy ascertains the cause of death. The spectrum of ease with which the students watched the autopsy was almost along the same wavelength, 27.75% of students were comfortable, 25.13% were uncomfortable, 17.80% were indifferent and 29.32% were not yet exposed (due to online teaching). The majority of students (93.72%) are interested in watching more postmortem examinations being done than dissecting themselves, fearing that the dead person being dissected may arise while in the process of dissecting the corpse.

Conclusions: The attitude of the students was confident towards autopsy & awareness among the participants was found to be acceptable. However, there were still a lot of prejudices that needed to be addressed through open discussion, logical explanation & scientific declaration at regular intervals to remove fear & negate any rudimentary beliefs or ideologies associated with medicolegal autopsies in Forensic Medicine.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Karma Mingur Diki Bhutia
Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Sikkim Manipal University, 5th Mile, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim, India.

Sankha Subhra Debbarma
Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Sikkim Manipal University, 5th Mile, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v2/2965

Comparison of Plasma Carcinoembryonic Antigen Levels to Clinicopathological Features of Colorectal Cancer in Ugandan Patients | Chapter 6 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

Introduction: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is the most widely used tumour marker in Uganda and globally. In 1965 Gold and Freedman observed that the CEA molecular marker is present in fetal gut tissues and in tumours of the gastrointestinal tract. Factors which have been found to affect plasma CEA levels include tumour grade, stage, location of the tumour, ploidy status of the tumour, absence or presence of bowel obstruction and liver status. This study aimed to investigate the preoperative plasma CEA level and compare it to clinicopathological features in Ugandan colorectal cancer patients.

Methodology: A prospective observational study was used on 119 recruited colorectal cancer (CRC) participants. Using a standard pretested Data Extraction Form, data for all the participants was extracted from the clinical patients’ files in the respective hospitals. A 10 ml blood sample was taken preoperatively from all the participants to obtain the CEA level in ng/ml. ANOVA and student’s t-test were used to compare mean CEA levels. Pearson chi-square tests were used to determine any association between CEA levels and clinicopathological variables. A p-value of ≤0.05 was statistically significant.

Results: The mean age of all the participants was 55.9(+/-15.3) years whilst the mean CEA level was 23.6(+/-8.51) ng/ml. There was no significant difference between preoperative plasma CEA and topography (p=0.775), stage (p=0.813), grade (p=0.505) and histopathological subtype (p=0.940).

Conclusions: There was no difference in preoperative plasma CEA levels based on histopathological grade, stage, topography and histopathological subtype of CRC in Ugandan patients. Therefore, the plasma CEA levels in Ugandan patients did not increase with increasing histopathological grade and stage and were not affected by the location and histopathological subtype of the colorectal tumour.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Richard Wismayer
Department of Surgery, Masaka Regional Referral Hospital, Masaka, Uganda, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Equator University for Science and Technology, Masaka, Uganda, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Habib Medical School, IUIU University, Kampala, Uganda and Department of Pathology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.

 

Julius Kiwanuka
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.

Henry Wabinga
Department of Pathology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.

 

Michael Odida
Department of Pathology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda and Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v2/2957

Integrated Neurorehabilitation (INRA) for Children with Cerebral Palsy: Protocol and Case Report on Promoting Neuroplasticity | Chapter 5 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

Cerebral palsy (CP) is the commonest cause of physical disability in children, but optimal rehabilitative protocols have yet to be determined, and progress in developing novel interventions has been slow. Neuroplasticity is no longer thought to be fixed in childhood, but instead develops throughout life; however, the best way to exploit the remodeling brain has yet to be determined. The management of CP must, therefore, be multidisciplinary to achieve the best outcomes. The use of nutraceuticals (a food or product with health benefits, or a dietary supplement) in the management of cerebral palsy is less well documented, but there are a few examples of studies examining the use of vitamin supplementation in children with CP,18,19 and children with CP are known to suffer from micronutrient deficiencies and anti-oxidant imbalances. This study presents a novel multimodal integrative medicine protocol for the management of children and adolescents with CP termed Integrated Neurorehabilitation (INRA). The basic INRA protocol combines physical therapy, magnetostimulation, and a nutraceutical regimen to provide endogenous and exogenous neurorestorative stimuli to damaged corticospinal pathways on a background of an optimized neuronal microenvironment. A 13-year-old boy with cerebral palsy was referred to the clinic with severe motor, intellectual, and speech deficits.  This study illustrates the protocol with the case of a 13-year-old boy showing marked improvements in gross motor function (GMFM-88 score 82% from 59%), speech (TOM score 3 from 0), and cognition (TOEM score 3 from 1) after four years of therapy. There was also a slight increase in his IQ and a decrease in epileptiform activity on EEG. Epileptiform activity on EEG was reduced. This study describe the protocol in full and the scientific rationale for its implementation. IRNA can be used alongside existing medical and rehabilitative regimens to promote neuroplasticity and synaptogenesis. Further testing of the protocol is required in a prospective clinical trial.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Maja Roje Novak
Neurologija-dr.Maja Roje Novak d.o.o., Private Clinic, Pavla Hatza 27, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v2/2685

Unraveling the Weighty Enigma: Exploring the Intricate Relationship between Obesity and Intracerebral Hemorrhage | Chapter 4 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

Introduction: Obesity is a global health concern with significant implications for various medical conditions, including cerebrovascular diseases. Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), characterized by bleeding within the brain parenchyma, is a severe form of stroke. While obesity is linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, its specific relationship with ICH is not well understood. This study aims to explore how obesity influences the incidence, severity, and outcomes of ICH.

Methodology: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at D.Y. Patil Medical College, and Hospital Kolhapur, from 2019-2023. The cohort included 500 ICH patients, with detailed clinical and demographic data collected. Statistical analyses, including logistic regression and survival analysis, assessed the relationship between obesity and ICH incidence, severity, short-term survival, and long-term outcomes.

Results: Obesity was significantly associated with an increased incidence of ICH. Interestingly, obese patients showed a short-term survival advantage, with lower mortality rates in the weeks following ICH. However, this benefit diminished over time, with no significant differences in long-term outcomes across BMI categories. Obese patients did not exhibit greater ICH severity or complications compared to non-obese patients.

Conclusion: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of ICH and a paradoxical short-term survival advantage. However, this benefit fades over time, emphasizing the need for continued monitoring and tailored interventions in obese ICH patients.

 

Author (s) Details

Sagar Goya
D. Y. Patil Medical College, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.

 

Gayatri G. Dhavalshankh
Department of Pharmacology, D. Y. Patil Medical College, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.

 

Sheetal
Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, India.

 

Ganesh P. Dhavalshank
Department of Dermatology, D. Y. Patil Medical College, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.

 

Archana G. Dhavalshankh
Department of Pharmacology, D. Y. Patil Medical College, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v2/2938

Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Rare Manifestation of Scrub Typhus | Chapter 3 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

Scrub typhus, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, is a re-emerging infectious disease prevalent in countries like China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, and Thailand and is an often underestimated public health problem in the Asia Pacific area. The "tsutsugamushi triangle" refers to a geographical region in the Asia-Pacific area where scrub typhus is highly endemic. This triangle spans from northern Japan and far-eastern Russia in the north, to northern Australia in the south, and to Pakistan and Afghanistan in the west. As an underestimated disease, there is still a substantial lack of knowledge about scrub typhus, reflected by the limited epidemiological data and insufficient public health information in its endemic regions. Without appropriate treatment, scrub typhus can lead to severe multiorgan failure, with a case fatality rate of up to 70%.  While fever and systemic complications are common in scrub typhus, neurological manifestations, such as sudden bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), are rare but increasingly recognized.

A case of 64-year-old female presented who experienced fever, myalgia, and bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), eventually diagnosed as scrub typhus. The diagnostic process was challenging due to the wide clinical spectrum and nonspecific symptoms of the disease. Proposed mechanisms for hearing loss include direct invasion of the central nervous system or vasculitis involving the cochlear nerve. Increased awareness among healthcare providers is essential for prompt diagnosis and treatment. In endemic areas, empirical treatment with doxycycline is advised for suspected cases. This case highlights the need to consider scrub typhus in patients with acute febrile illness and ear-related symptoms, which can lead to early intervention and better patient outcomes.

 

Author (s) Details

Athulya Asokan
Department of General Medicine, Government Medical College, Kottayam, India.

 

Athira V R
Department of General Medicine, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, India.

 

Sanal K Thomas
Department of Neurology, Jubilee Mission Medical College, India.

 

Ajeesh Koshy
Department of General Medicine, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v2/2931

Development of Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Associated with Craniopharyngioma: Insights from a Case Report and Literature Review | Chapter 2 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

During the last decade, pediatric Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as the main cause of chronic liver disease in children. NAFLD is a multicluster disease which ranges from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis NASH. Recently it has become the main cause of chronic liver disease in children and has emerged to be predicted by many specific risk factors, such as obesity and sedentary lifestyle, on predisposing genetic settings. Increasing prevalence is thought to result from a combination of several environmental and genetic factors. The natural history of pediatric NAFLD is lacking, and the etiopathogenesis is not fully understood. It has been reported that children with craniopharyngioma can have features of metabolic syndrome and other comorbidities. A case of an 11-year-old child was reported who was diagnosed with craniopharyngioma. After the surgery of his brain tumor and hormone replacement therapy, he was diagnosed as having NAFLD. The presence of a craniopharyngioma, and/or treatment-related damage to centers in the hypothalamus that regulate energy balance often results in severe obesity and abnormal eating behaviors. This may be exacerbated by hormonal deficits from coexistent hypopituitarism. This case is used to highlight the main pathophysiologic processes resulting in the development of NAFLD in children following treatment of craniopharyngioma. The focus is on the endocrine disturbances that can link the two entities.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Manel Jemel
National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Tunis, Tunisia.

 

Ines Khochtali
Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, Monastir University Hospital, Tunisia.

 

Hanene Sayadi
Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, Monastir University Hospital, Tunisia.

 

Mondher Golli
Department of Radiology, Monastir University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v2/2670

Salivary Duct Cyst: A Rare Case Report | Chapter 1 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

Salivary gland non-neoplastic cysts account for 2-5% of all salivary gland lesions and are quite infrequent. Mostly, they are salivary duct cysts or mucoceles. In contrast to a mucocele, which has granulation tissue around it, the salivary duct cyst has epithelium lining it. Salivary duct cysts are rare, reactive ductal lesions of the major salivary glands that are likely caused by obstruction and are lined by true ductal epithelium. It is more common in the oral minor salivary glands and rarely occurs in the major salivary glands, shows a marked predilection for the superficial lobe of the parotid, and represents 10% of all salivary gland cysts. Although they are very rare in children and mostly occur in the fourth decade of life, still the possibility of occurrence should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Neoplastic differentiation of the lining of the salivary duct cyst has been reported. A case of a salivary duct cyst of the left parotid gland, with a review of radiographic and histopathologic features, was reported. The possibility of occurrence in children as well as the probability of malignant changes in the cystic lining should also be considered, making prompt and early diagnosis a priority. Imaging plays a significant role in diagnosing parotid gland duct cysts and ultrasound should be the first modality in its screening.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Divya Vinayachandran
Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur-603203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Saravana Karthikeyan Balasubramanian
Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Dental College, Bharathi Salai, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Sibyl Siluvai
Department of Public Health Dentistry, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur-603203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Victor Rakesh Lazar
Department of Radiodiagnosis, SRM Medical Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur-603203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

V. Kalaivani
Department of Periodontology, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur-603203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Suresh Mitthra
SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur-603203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

S. Rajakumar
Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur-603203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v2/2258

Acclimatization and Adaptation to the Damage of Climate Change from Upstream Hydroelectric Dams and the Funan Techo Canal in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam | Book Publisher International

The Mekong Delta, including the Southwest Region and part of the coastal East Vietnam, is one of the six most vulnerable regions in the world to the impacts of climate change and sea level rise. In particular, it is worth noting that the Mekong Delta, a wetland area with a very high potential for sulfate acidity and actual acid sulfate, suffers multiplied damage during the dry season. This drying up of the flow causes droughts for fields, agriculture, and fisheries, and especially leads to a lack of clean water for people's living. Additionally, this area is affected by saline intrusion from semi-diurnal tides in the East Sea and diurnal tides in the West Sea. Therefore, climate change has had and will continue to have severe effects on the reproductive system, environment, and livelihoods of 22 million people in the Mekong Delta.

 

Moreover, water blockage on the Mekong River mainstream, caused by more than 12 major hydroelectric dams in China and 5 major dams in Laos, has resulted in a shortage of water supplies for downstream agriculture, people, and industry, especially in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam (Cuu Long River Delta). While southern Vietnam is experiencing severe dryness, the lack of water has caused significant damage to aquaculture and rice cultivation, particularly due to the reduction in sediment every year (previously 160 million tons/year; now only 80 million tons/year—half the amount). The lack of upstream water leads to droughts, followed by soil and water acidification, and saline intrusion from the sea through tides from the estuary. The saltwater also contaminates groundwater, causing salinization of the agricultural environment (90% of the area has saltwater over 1 g/liter, and 70% of the area has saltwater over 4 g/liter during the dry season). This phenomenon results in erosion of riverbanks and shorelines.

 

Runoff and dam construction also minimize and prevent fish biodiversity migration, which contributes to climate change and sea level rise affecting the Mekong Delta. Specialists must propose practical and achievable response solutions. China has promised to share water resources and data but has yet to follow through. To survive and develop, people and society must adapt to new living conditions by not fighting against extreme natural phenomena, avoiding the harmful effects of climate change, and living in harmony with nature. This can be facilitated through engineering works and a new way of life. Additionally, measures should be taken to prevent acidification by keeping the ground from becoming dry and ensuring that the surface water of canals and fields remains clean. Many regulating ecological lakes should also be built. Technological solutions must be "green" and "soft," gradually eliminating the kinetic energy of river and coastal erosion. Diplomatic action must also be taken reasonably and wisely with China and Laos to protect the flow, alluvium, and flow stability of the Mekong Delta.

 

The consistent viewpoint of Vietnamese scientists is to combine hard technology with green technology, handle the situation intelligently, and apply AI and 4.0 technology. Conservation efforts should be prioritized to address these challenges effectively and green development as the foundation, avoiding harmful effects of nature, "living with nature" to achieve high efficiency, ensuring productivity and quality of crops and livestock for ecological and sustainable development, solid.

 

Author (s) Details

Ba Le Huy
Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry and Trade (HUIT), Vietnam.

 

Hoan Nguyen Xuan
Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry and Trade (HUIT), Vietnam.

 

Hong Anh Le Thi
Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry and Trade (HUIT), Vietnam.

 

Phong Nguyen Tan
Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry and Trade (HUIT), Vietnam.

 

Phuong Nguyen Vu Hoang
Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry and Trade (HUIT), Vietnam.

 

Binh Thai Vu
Institute for Environment and Resources, Ho Chi Minh City National University, Vietnam.

 

Son Lam Vinh
Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HUTECH), Vietnam.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49729-57-5

Diagnostics of Pathology in the Lumbar and Lumbosacral Spine of Dogs Using Plain Radiography, Myelography, and Computed Tomography | Book Publisher International

The lumbar and lumbosacral spine of dogs are regions frequently affected by pathological conditions, including spondylosis, lumbosacral stenosis, malformations, and intervertebral disc herniations, which have a prevalence rate of approximately 15-20% in older dogs. These conditions can manifest as clinical signs such as pain, paresis or paralysis of the hind limbs, and other neurological deficits. Accurate diagnosis is critical for effective treatment, making imaging techniques indispensable in veterinary practice. This book explores the diagnostic potential of three key imaging modalities: plain radiography, myelography, and computed tomography (CT), in evaluating spinal pathologies in dogs.

Plain radiography is beneficial as a foundational diagnostic tool for assessing the bony structures of the spine, offering an accessible and cost-effective initial assessment. However, it has limitations in visualizing soft tissue structures and specific spinal abnormalities. Myelography, which involves the use of contrast agents, addresses these limitations by enhancing visualization of the spinal cord and nerve roots, enabling precise localization of compression and impingement that may not be visible on plain radiographs alone. Computed tomography, both native and contrast-enhanced, complements the capabilities of the other techniques by providing high-resolution imaging for detailed assessment of both bone and soft tissues. Its ability to produce multiplanar and three-dimensional reconstructions allows for comprehensive visualization and accurate localization of spinal abnormalities, essential for surgical planning and intervention. While intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) remains the most prevalent and extensively studied spinal disorder, other conditions such as endplate-driven, facet-driven, and muscle-driven disorders have also been reported. Endplate-driven disorders in dogs encompass conditions like discospondylitis, fatty infiltration, dysplasia/remodeling, osteochondrosis, and Schmorl's nodes. Despite the diagnostic value of these imaging techniques, challenges such as the risk associated with anesthesia in myelography and the cost of CT imaging persist.

This book presents a comprehensive analysis of these modalities, discussing their strengths, limitations, and practical applications in diagnosing lumbar and lumbosacral spinal diseases in dogs. Accurate diagnosis not only guides appropriate treatment strategies but also improves prognosis, reduces unnecessary interventions, and enhances overall recovery outcomes. By integrating these techniques, veterinary professionals can maximize diagnostic accuracy—each modality complements the others to provide a holistic view of spinal health. This integrated approach is critical for optimizing treatment outcomes and improving the quality of life for dogs affected by spinal conditions.

For veterinary practitioners, this book serves as an essential resource, emphasizing the clinical implications of accurate diagnosis and the strategic use of advanced imaging techniques in everyday practice. By utilizing these tools effectively, veterinary professionals can make informed decisions that significantly impact the prognosis and recovery of their canine patients.

 

Author (s) Details

Prof. Dr. Dzenita Hadzijunuzovic-Alagic
University of Sarajevo - Veterinary Faculty, Department of Clinical Sciences, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

 

Prof. Dr. Nejra Hadzimusic
University of Sarajevo - Veterinary Faculty, Department of Clinical Sciences, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-48388-74-2

Value-Based Leaders Uphold Moral Principles and Serve as Outstanding Role Models for Police Officers: A Review of the Theoretical Frameworks | Chapter 6 | The Informed Leader: How Philosophy and Evidence Shape Organizational Performance

The objective of the chapter was to examine the value and practical application of values-based leadership, including the Mahavakya philosophy, within the context of police organizations. This includes exploring how specific values-based leadership models can address the unique challenges and ethical demands of policing.

Main Topics: Values-based leadership, ethical leadership, authentic leadership, transformational leadership, servant leadership, the Mahavakya philosophy, police leadership, organizational culture, ethical decision-making in policing. Overarching Research Question. Key Arguments/Findings: Values-based leadership, incorporating principles like ethical conduct, self-awareness, and service, is essential for building trust, promoting accountability, and fostering a positive organizational culture within police departments. The Mahavakya philosophy, with its emphasis on "BE," "DO," and "TELL," offers a practical framework for developing values-based police leaders. Implementing these principles can lead to improved community relations, enhanced officer well-being, and more ethical policing practices. Methodology/Approach: A systematic literature review of leadership theories, values-based leadership models, and studies related to police leadership and organizational behavior. Significance/Implications: This research contributes to the existing body of knowledge on leadership in policing by providing a comprehensive overview of values-based leadership models and their practical application. The findings offer valuable insights for police executives, policymakers, and training academies seeking to develop ethical and effective leaders within their organizations. It also highlights the need for further research on the specific challenges and opportunities associated with implementing values-based leadership in diverse policing contexts. Audience: Police executives, policymakers, law enforcement professionals, leadership development trainers, academics, and researchers interested in policing, ethics, and organizational behavior. Conclusion: Values-based leadership is not merely a theoretical concept but a practical necessity for modern police organizations. By embracing ethical principles, fostering self-awareness, and prioritizing service, police leaders can build trust within their communities, enhance officer morale and well-being, and promote a culture of accountability. The Mahavakya philosophy offers a valuable framework for developing such leaders, and further research is needed to explore its full potential within the complex landscape of policing.

 

Author (s) Details

Dr. John Motsamai Modise
Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49729-30-8/CH6

Leadership Philosophies: Impacts on Organizational Dynamics and Effectiveness | Chapter 5 | The Informed Leader: How Philosophy and Evidence Shape Organizational Performance

The chapter aimed to examine the correlation between leadership philosophies and organizational effectiveness, emphasizing the impact of leadership styles on employee motivation, satisfaction, and engagement, as well as the influence of organizational culture on these interactions. Principal Subjects/Essential Themes: The essay analyzes leadership, leadership styles (including transformational and transactional leadership), employee motivation, employee satisfaction, employee engagement, and corporate culture. It emphasizes the significance of leadership in enhancing organizational success. Implied Research Question: What is the effect of various leadership styles on employee motivation, satisfaction, and engagement, and how does organizational culture affect these dynamics? Study Themes: The primary themes are the relationship between leadership style and employee outcomes (motivation, satisfaction, engagement), the effect of organizational culture, and the overall implications for organizational performance and efficiency. Principal Arguments/Conclusions The text indicates that good leadership is crucial for promoting favorable employee outcomes and attaining organizational objectives. It underscores the significance of employee engagement and its correlation with leadership style. The studied research demonstrates a positive association between transformative leadership and employee commitment, engagement, and performance. Nevertheless, the article remains in its preliminary phase and has yet to provide exhaustive results. Methodology/Approach: The essay utilizes a systematic literature review methodology, referencing established research and theories pertinent to leadership, motivation, and organizational behavior. Importance/Consequences: This research seeks to enhance the comprehension of the pivotal role of leadership in determining organizational performance. The insights acquired may inform leadership development initiatives and tactics aimed at enhancing employee engagement and organizational performance. Target demographic: This article is designed for scholars, researchers, organizational executives, and human resource specialists. Conclusion. The article will finish by summarizing the literature review findings, addressing implications for leadership practice, and proposing avenues for future research. It will likely underscore the necessity for firms to evaluate the influence of leadership style on employee outcomes and organizational performance.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Dr. John Motsamai Modise
South Tshwane University of Technology, South Affrica.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49729-30-8/CH5

Servant Leadership: Principles, Practice, and Implications | Chapter 4 | The Informed Leader: How Philosophy and Evidence Shape Organizational Performance

While servant leadership has gained increasing attention as a potentially effective leadership approach, its practical application and impact remain debated. This review paper advances people’s knowledge in leadership by providing a detailed discussion on servant leadership evolution and the current leadership theories, which are relational leadership theories. According to the paper, a servant leadership paradigm's pervasive notion of service permeates the relationship between leaders and followers and encourages workers, which may serve as a bridge to start reestablishing community relations. The fundamental tenet of servant leadership is that those who put their followers' needs ahead of their own are the ones who will most effectively motivate their flock. Humble leaders foster great relationships with followers and motivate them to put their all into their work because they care more about others than themselves. To fully understand servant leadership, the words of Larry Spears, the Executive Director of the Robert K. Greenleaf Center for Servant Leadership, are borrowed. In his description of servant leadership, he highlighted four key attributes as central to the servant leadership framework. Servant leadership focuses on the betterment and support of others by seeking to meet the interests, needs, and ambitions of others above one’s own. In the setting of larger companies, smaller firms, and some NPOs, researchers have found that a manager practicing servant leadership may have a great empowering potential towards their followers.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Dr. John Motsamai Modise
Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa.

 

Dr. Kishore Raga
Emeritus: Nelson Mandela University, South Africa.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49729-30-8/CH4

Fostering Trust, Integrity and Good Governance in the Fight against Corruption | Chapter 3 | The Informed Leader: How Philosophy and Evidence Shape Organizational Performance

The purpose of the study is to 1) analyze different notions of good governance and the methodologies for its evaluation, 2) furnish instruments for the execution and dissemination of exemplary governance norms, 3) enhance ethical consciousness and dedication to principled behavior and 4) enhance efficiency and maintain engagement in ethical training. Good governance and fighting against corruption are frequently linked, whereas corruption is frequently linked to poor governance. Certain fundamental tenets of good governance are also tenets of anti-corruption. The literature associates effective political systems with various characteristics such as participation, adherence to the rule of law, transparency, responsiveness, consensus-oriented, equity and inclusiveness, effectiveness and efficiency, and accountability. Public confidence is essential for efficient governance. It is suggested that a variety of traits be had in order to accomplish good governance, with the ability to strike a balance between practical and general ethics, make connections between morality and other world issues, emphasis the value of morality and ethics in daily life, and also place an emphasis on global ethics and universal principles while allowing for a variety of regional and cultural viewpoints.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Dr. John Motsamai Modise
Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa.

 

Phemelo Sheldon Modise
North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49729-30-8/CH3

Principled Leadership: A Foundation for Organizational Trust and Success | Chapter 2 | The Informed Leader: How Philosophy and Evidence Shape Organizational Performance

Ethical leadership is predicated on moral and ethical principles.  Ethical leaders cultivate trust with honesty, integrity, and transparency. Ethical leadership enhances decision-making, fosters innovation, and elevates team performance. Meta leadership enables leaders to operate across several tiers of an organization.  There exists significant overlap across value-based leadership theories. The purpose of the study is to i) delineate two definitions of principled leadership; ii) concentrate on the fundamental concepts and responsibilities that direct leaders in the development and sustenance of organizational services. This chapter defined principled leadership and illuminated the characteristics and obligations of leadership. The significance of ethical principles in leadership was also discussed. This chapter provides a valuable insight into the relationship between ethical leadership and organizational trust. Theory of Meta Leadership and Value-based leadership philosophies were also discussed. This chapter implicitly examines the role of principled leadership in fostering corporate trust and success. This investigation underscores the significance of ethical leadership in cultivating a constructive workplace culture. It also offers ideas on how leaders can cultivate trust and enhance corporate success. The study explores the significance of ethical leadership across various sectors, including law enforcement and other organizations. The questions that were investigated and analyzed in this chapter include: i) would benefit from more precise implementations of principled leadership throughout law enforcement; ii) would be enhanced by tackling the obstacles of executing principled leadership.  This chapter concludes that organizations must prioritize ethical leadership to foster a culture of trust and attain enduring success. Leaders ought to concentrate on cultivating their ethical principles and decision-making abilities. This research is valuable for a wide range of organizations, particularly law enforcement, and offers insights for scholars, managers, and individuals interested in ethical leadership. This study also suggests that more contemporary references would be beneficial as restricted information regarding practical applications constitutes a key limitation of the research. Ethical leadership is crucial for establishing trust, cultivating a constructive company culture, and attaining enduring success. It necessitates that leaders uphold ethical principles, make judicious decisions, and foster an atmosphere of transparency and accountability.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Dr. John Motsamai Modise
Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49729-30-8/CH2