Development of An O(n)-Round Strategy for the Magnus-Derek Game | Chapter 12 | Recent Advances in Mathematical Research and Computer Science Vol. 10

 The Magnus-Derek game, a two-player game with n positions played on a round table, is examined further. The mobility of a token is controlled by the players collectively. Magnus, for example, wants to visit as many positions as possible while reducing the amount of rounds. Derek, the other player, tries to reduce the number of spots visited. We propose a novel Magnus strategy that allows him to visit the most locations in 3(n - 1) rounds, the optimum number of rounds up to a constant factor.

Author(S) Details

Zhivko Nedev
International University VNU-HCM, Block 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, HCM City, Vietnam.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RAMRCS-V10/article/view/6302

Categorization of Road Accidents Related to the Default of Signaling: A Case Study of the Yaoundé-Douala Highway, Southern Cameroon | Chapter 13 | New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 12

 This chapter examines the types of road accidents caused by a lack of signposting, as numerous accidents have happened in Cameroon as a result of poor signposting. This investigation will take place on the Yaoundé-Douala motorway. Available The examination of each accident was made possible using field data collected in the years 2007, 2009, and 2011. It shows that 108 occurrences (about 20%) of the 569 accidents documented across a 114-kilometer stretch were caused by a failure or lack of signage. On the one hand, a clinical analysis revealed four collision scenarios, while on the other, seven were developed based on factors such as lack of signposting at crossroads, lack of vertical and/or horizontal alignment or a slightly raised bump, and lack of signpost for normal parking layouts or no parking at certain critical points.

Author(S) Details

Zogo Tsala Simon Armand
Department of Civil Engineering, ENSET, University of Yaoundé 1, Ebolowa, Cameroon and Technology and Applied Sciences Laboratory, University of Douala, P.O.Box 7236, Douala, Cameroon.

Ayissi Zacharie Merlin
Laboratory of Energy Materials Modelisation and Method, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon.

Noah Pierre Marcel Anicet
Department of Mechanical Engineering, ENSET, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon and Laboratory of Mechanics, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon.

Betene Ebanda Fabien
Department of Mechanical Engineering, ENSET, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon and Laboratory of Mechanics, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon.

Ayina Ohandja Louis Max
National Advanced School of Engineering, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NAER-V12/article/view/3847

Approximate Maximum-likelihood DOA Estimation for a Single Narrow-band Amplitude-distorted Wavefront | Chapter 12 | New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 12

 This chapter builds on the author's prior work on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimation by proposing a new stochastic maximum-likelihood-based (SML-based) approach for estimating the direction-of-arrival (DOA) of a single narrow-band amplitude-distorted wavefront received by any antenna array. The complex-valued circular AR (1) model with unknown coefficients is supposed to alter the distorted amplitude wavefront. The contribution of this chapter is to create an approximate SML-based technique for estimating the DOA in a high SNR environment. It demonstrates how to remove the noise and AR (1) nuisance (distortion) parameters from the investigated approximate stochastic likelihood function, yielding an SML DOA estimate via a one-dimensional (1-D) search. For several types of time-varying fading amplitudes, compact Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRB) formulas for the DOA parameter alone are constructed. The determination of numerous CRB properties is also made possible by the development of high and low SNR approximation equations for the. Finally, simulation results verify the theoretical study by demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Author(S) Details

Habti Abeida
Taif University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Al-Haweiah, 21974, Saudi Arabia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NAER-V12/article/view/3846

Determining the Impact of the Environmental Condition on the Production Performance of Photovoltaic in Kirkuk, Iraq | Chapter 11 | New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 12

 The current study looked into the effect of weather conditions on the photovoltaic (PV) module's production performance. The tests were carried out using two identical 75-watt PV modules that were deployed in the same weather circumstances in Kirkuk City, Iraq, during the summer season. One was utilised as a standard module as a reference panel, while the other was used in all of the essential testing. Water circulation has been used to cool the PV module to an excellent soil, which has been used to assess the effect of hot weather and dust deposition on PV performance. The results show that temperature increases have an inverse effect on the fill factor (FF) and PV efficiency; on the other hand, the cooling process contributed to an increase of 11.8 percent in the voltage generated across PV panels, whereas the reduction in voltage generation by unclean panels due to natural pollution deposition on the front of the panels for three months was about 3.8 percent when compared to clean panels and 13.8 percent when compared to voltage pro. Improve its performance by performing periodic maintenance on the PV module to remove dust and adding the appropriate size of PV panels to compensate for the shortage in PV unit power production caused by hot weather that cannot be regulated.

Author(S) Details

Ehsan Fadhil Abbas
The Power Mechanic Techniques Engineering Department, Technical Engineering College, Kirkuk, Northern Technical University, Iraq.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NAER-V12/article/view/3845

Analyze the Bio-Thermal Behavior of the Human Eye Based on the Heat Conduction Law with One Relaxation Time | Chapter 10 | New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 12

 The environment and physiological factors influence thermal processes in human tissues, such as the multi-layered human eye. This work developed a mathematical model of the human eye that considers variations in blood perfusion, porosity, evaporation rate, and ambient temperatures based on a non-Fourier heat conduction rule with correct boundary and interface conditions. The numerical solution was derived using a direct technique and MAPLE 17 software, with the results shown in the figures. The impact of various values of the relaxation times factors on the temperature value in each layer of the human eye was initially investigated. Blood perfusion, porosity, evaporation rate, duration, and ambient temperatures have all been discussed in relation to the thermal wave passing through the human eye layers; they all have a significant impact on the thermal wave going through the human eye layers. In terms of validity, the results of this model corresponded with those of other studies.

Author(S) Details

Hamdy M. Youssef
Department of Mathematics-Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt and Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Islamic Architecture, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, KSA.

Alaa A. El-Bary
Basic and Applied Science Institute, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, P.O. Box 1029, Alexandria, Egypt.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NAER-V12/article/view/3844

Study on Unsteady Triple-Shock Configurations in Supersonic Flows Past Combined Cylinder AD Bodies in Different Gas Media | Chapter 09 | New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 12

 The regulation of supersonic flows past aerodynamic bodies under the influence of external energy deposition is the subject of this research. The mechanism of a bow shock's interaction with an oblique shock coming from the bow shock's refraction at the external energy source surface is revealed. In this process, many types of shock waves may collide, including triple-shock configurations. The analysis of unsteady triple-shock configurations near the surface of combined cylinder bodies "hemisphere-cylinder" and "hemisphere-cone-cylinder" under the operation of external energy deposition and their effect on the body surface pressure are the goals of this paper. The calculations were carried out numerically using an inviscid technique based on the Euler equations at M=4 for gaseous mediums with specific heat ratios of 1.4 and 1.2. In the simulations, complex conservative difference techniques are applied. The angles of triple-shock arrangement have been shown to be dependent on the rarefaction degree in an energy source and the incidence shock angle. With rising boundary pressure, the generation of local space-time areas has been established. The activity of a vortex as well as the action of the originating shock segments in the region of a triple-shock configuration are shown to be linked in the mechanism of boundary pressure rise and local front drag force increase. A comparison with the symmetry of plane flow has also been made. The findings can be used to plan flow control using external energy deposition such as laser, microwave, or electrical discharge.

Author(S) Details

Olga Azarova
Department of Mathematical Modeling of Computer-Aided Design Systems, Federal Research Center “Computer Science and Control” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova st. 40, 119333, Moscow, Russia.

Ludmila Gvozdeva
Department of Physical Gas Dynamics, Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences Izhorskaya str. 13/2, 125412, Moscow, Russia.

Oleg Kravchenko
Department of Mathematical Modeling of Computer-Aided Design Systems, Federal Research Center “Computer Science and Control” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova st. 40, 119333, Moscow, Russia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NAER-V12/article/view/3843

Bio-Inspired Optimization Based Enhanced Clustering Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks | Chapter 08 | New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 12

 The pervasiveness of wireless sensor networks has made them appropriate for a wide range of critical applications, including environmental surveillance, health monitoring using implantable sensors, weather forecasting, and a variety of other scenarios. Due to the hundreds of thousands of tiny sensor nodes that exist in the networks, key challenges such as computation time, limited memory, and energy are more widespread. In this case, the network's lifespan is entirely dependent on how well available resources are used. The technique of grouping sensor nodes that are close together into clusters makes it easier to administer the cluster and extend the network's lifespan. Swarm intelligence and evolutionary algorithms that pertain to the NP-complete problem are determined at this point to achieve a superior optimal solution. For obtaining extended network lifetime in sensor networks, a Hybrid Artificial Bee Colony and Bacterial Foraging Algorithm-based Optimized Clustering (HABC-BFA-OC) is proposed in this research. The benefits of Bacterial Foraging Optimization are integrated in this suggested HABC-BFA-OC technique for boosting the local search potential of the ABC algorithm in order to achieve maximal exploitation and exploration across the parameters evaluated for cluster head selection. During its examination with a varying number of sensor nodes, simulation studies of the suggested HABC-BFA-OC technique confirmed an extended network lifetime with minimal energy consumptions.

Author(S) Details

Bandi Rambabu
CSE, CVR College of Engineering, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NAER-V12/article/view/3842

A Novel Approach to Analyze Pranayama through Machine Learning Techniques | Chapter 07 | New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 12

 Pranayama (breathing exercises) is an integral part of yoga practise. When practising pranayama, it's important to keep track of how many cycles you've done. The most important thing is to keep track of how long someone is inhaling and exhaling. Maintaining a proper ratio throughout the inhalation: exhalation cycle is critical. The counting procedure is so taxing for a beginning that it is difficult to retain awareness of the breathing process, and the standard of pranayama practise suffers as a result. The goal of the proposed system is to develop a new method for analysing the quality of Pranayama using machine learning techniques. The main goal of the proposed project is to develop an application that can count inhalations and exhalations. It guarantees that users receive feedback based on their breathing and exhalation patterns. It analyses each breath and exhalation pattern and uses Clustering algorithms to classify inhalation and exhalation. This paper's proposed structure aids in improving the uniformity of pranayama. As a result, respiratory performance improves, which reduces melancholy and anxiety. To test the validity of breathing patterns, the KNN, SVM, Random Forest, and Decision Tree algorithms are used.

Author(S) Details

A. Parkavi
Department of CSE, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India.

V. Sangeetha
Department of CSE, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India.

G. R. Amith
Department of CSE, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India.

B. K. Harini
Department of CSE, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India.

M. Supriya
Department of CSE, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India.

K. N. Tejasvini
Department of CSE, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NAER-V12/article/view/3841

Investigating the Effect of Copper Sulphate on Hydrogen Peroxide Bleaching with Hydrolysis on P/C Fabric Mechanical Properties | Chapter 06 | New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 12

 Polyester's hydrophobicity is well-known, and attempts are being undertaken to improve it. To improve all mechanical and comfort features, including hydophilicity, woven 67/33 polyester / cotton suiting material is treated with copper sulphate and hydrogen peroxide bleaching followed by oxidation deweighting procedure in this research effort. Three levels of copper sulphate, two levels of Material to liquid ratio, two levels of temperature, and a constant quantity of sodium hydroxide were used in the experiment. All samples were dyed in an HTHP beaker dyeing machine and then subjected to conventional post-treatment techniques. Various features of the treated samples were determined. It was discovered that experimental parameters such as copper sulphate content and alkaline oxidation deweighting method had substantial benefits, as evidenced by intriguing outcomes such as improved compressibility, crease recovery angle, bending length, and acceptable tensile strength loss.

Author(S) Details

J. Hayavadana
Textile Technology, University College of Technology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India.

K. Samatha
Textile Technology, University College of Technology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NAER-V12/article/view/3840

Degradation of Polyester Partially Oriented Yarns through Alkaline Hydrolysis Process: A Recent Study | Chapter 05 | New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 12

 The feed material for the draw texturing process of polyester regular and micro fibres is partially oriented yarn. The biggest challenge the industry faces is POY quality, because storage of POY causes it to degrade, and the quality of draw textured yarn will be questioned as a result. As a result, a method to verify the freshness of POY is required, and alkaline hydrolysis can be employed as a tool to investigate the structure of POY. In this study, an earnest attempt is made to investigate the caustic impact on polyester POY using various degrading process parameters. This is the first study to use alkaline hydrolysis as a technique to better understand the deterioration process. The experimental methodology consisted of selecting different pet poy (both micro and macro denier) and storing them in standard conditions according to standard procedures for degradation, and then subjecting the stored materials to alkaline hydrolysis according to Zeronian and Collin's standard procedure. The density, critical dissolving time, and molecular weight of the treated samples were measured. The deterioration process has a major impact on these qualities in all circumstances, as evidenced by the weight loss of the alkaline hydrolysis process. In addition, the results were statistically significant.

Author(S) Details

J. Hayavadana
Department of Textile Technology, University College of Technology, Osmania University, Hdyerabad-7, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NAER-V12/article/view/3839

Estimating the Hydrolysis of Glucose from Bamboo with Micro Controller PID Type Arduino UNO and Fuzzy Method | Chapter 04 | New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 12

 Glucose demand has increased dramatically each year, while glucose production has declined, due to limited raw material availability, with bamboo being one of the raw material alternatives to glucose. Bamboo plants are plants that can grow fast and easily in many parts of Indonesia, and are selected based on cellulose levels that range from 42.4 percent to 53.6 percent. The goal of this study on the hydrolysis of bamboo using a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) microcontroller is to use the Fuzzy approach and the Delphi programming simulation language to digitally process hydrolysis in identifying appropriate temperature and glucose levels. The application of microcontrollers PID using the Fuzzy method and simulation language Delphi programming, in the hydrolysis process of the microcontroller equipped PID type Arduino UNO, in the hydrolysis process of the microcontroller equipped PID type Arduino UNO, in the hydrolysis process of the microcontroller equipped PID type Arduino UNO, in the hydrolysis process of the microcontroller equipped PID type Arduino UNO, in the hydrolysis process of the microcontroller equipped PID type Arduino UNO, in The temperature profile, levels of cellulose hydrolysis time function, and the function time of glucose hydrolysis levels are all examples of research findings. At the time of the detailed set point temperature profile 97°C, the result of the PID process control with fault temperature below ten°C, the temperature as measured 94,696°C, and hydrolysis time 20 seconds is shown at an early stage. As the hydrolysis process control progressed, the PID indicated that the temperature measured was 96.59°C, and after 137 seconds, the measured temperature was 97°C, following the temperature set point, and was utilised as a basis to build tools in the hydrolysis process. The optimization of cellulose levels as a function of hydrolysis time is 18.7%, while the optimization of glucose levels as a function of hydrolysis time is 23,6%. The optimum levels of glucose were produced using a process design that included the manufacture of glucose from bamboo using a microcontroller equipped with hydrolysis and a PID temperature controller.

Author(S) Details

Ni Ketut Sari
Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur, Surabaya, Indonesia.

Dira Ernawati
Department of Industrial Engineering, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur, Surabaya, Indonesia.

Intan Yuniar Purbasari
Department of Informatics, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur, Surabaya, Indonesia.

Basuki Rahmat
Department of Informatics, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur, Surabaya, Indonesia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NAER-V12/article/view/3838

Analysing Numerical Modelling Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Deep Beam with Strut-and-Tie Model | Chapter 03 | New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 12

 The behaviour of strut-and-tie models (STMs) as derived from truss analogue models is the subject of this chapter. STMs are frequently used to assess and model the internal force distribution of a reinforced concrete deep beam structure from the point load to the supports that carry bending, shearing, and twisting forces in disturbed zones (D-regions). Where the stress situation occurs idealised as the concrete strut, the steel tie, and the nodal area, the action of the strut and tie creates an increase in the strength of the high-reinforced concrete beam construction, the D-region on structural elements can be more easily studied. The deep beam was numerically modelled using compressive loading simulation until it collapsed. To determine deflection, cracking, and destruction of ultimate load, model modification of two diagonal reinforcements, diagonal symmetrical truss reinforcement, and diagonal frame truss reinforcement, ANSYS 3D half-span symmetrical Strut-and-Tie model deep beams modelling was done. The ultimate bending capacity, load-deformation, ductility, stress behaviour, strain, and fracture pattern of STMs have all been determined through shape modification. The numerical modelling result reveals a significant difference in STM's deep beam behaviour.

Author(S) Details

Syahril Taufik
Department of Civil Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology National, Jakarta, 12640, Indonesia and Department of Civil Engineering, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, 70123, Indonesia.

Agus Sugianto
Department of Civil Engineering, Balikpapan University, Balikpapan, 73164, Indonesia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NAER-V12/article/view/3837

Numerical Simulation of Film Cooling Over Flat Plate | Chapter 02 | New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 12

 The effect of film cooling across a flat plate is investigated using the commercial CFD Ansys Fluent tool. The computational domain includes the coolant supply tube and the major mixing zone. A tube L/D of 4 and injection angles of (30o, 60o, and 90o) were employed for blowing ratios of 0.33, 0.5, and 1.67, as well as a density ratio of 1.14. Adiabatic film cooling efficacy distributions were also established for inline and staggered designs. The study's main finding was that when the blowing ratio was 0.33 and the length-to-diameter ratio was the same, the 30o hole had greater efficacy values than the 60o and 90o holes. The most effective blowing ratio was found to be 0.5. The results show that raising the blowing ratio reduces film cooling, with the injected coolant lifting off the wall at a blowing ratio of 1.67 due to an increase in the wall normal momentum. In this part, the numerical results are compared to experimental data.

Author(S) Details

Ali S. Bahr Ennil
Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Engineering Academey Tajoura, Libya.

Abdulhafid M. Elfaghi
Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti of Tun Hussein Onn, Malaysia, Malaysia and Department of Aeronautical Engineering, University of Zawia, Libya.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NAER-V12/article/view/3836

Investigation on Dynamic Resource Allocation for Multiple Antenna OFDM Based System | Chapter 01 | New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 12

 In this research, we suggest a transceiver construction that minimises interference between transmitting and receiving subcarriers. Its signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) performance is evaluated using both analysis and simulation, and it is then put into a recently proposed cooperation method for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems to be tested under realistic settings. The traditional Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)-based approach will cause energy leakage in multipath channels with non-sample-spaced time delays. The improved DFT-based channel estimating approach uses the symmetric property to extend the LS estimate in frequency domain, calculates the leakage energy's changing rate, and determines viable paths based on the changing rate. It's worth noting that the proposed solution allows the multicast scheme to reach larger capacity than the unicast or mixed scenarios. Higher system capabilities can be reached as more multicast users quit.

Author(S) Details

P. Chiranjeevi
Department of ECE, Kakatiya Institute of Technology and Science, Warangal, India.

N. Bhargavi
Department of ECE, Kakatiya Institute of Technology and Science, Warangal, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NAER-V12/article/view/3835

Naturopathic Medicine in Ghana: A Qualitative Study | Chapter 10 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 11

 The Nyarkotey College of Holistic Medicine has ushered in a naturopathic medicine revolution in Ghana. This institution's mission is to educate and train Naturopathic Doctors and Naturopaths in Ghana.

The goal of this research is to evaluate the qualitative elements of Naturopathic Medicine in primary healthcare delivery from the perspective of Ghanaian Naturopathic care professionals. The goal of this qualitative study is to find out what motivates Ghanaian customers to seek out Naturopathic medicine. Clients' push factors from mainstream medicine are also evaluated in the study.

While respondents agree that naturopathic medicine is a vital aspect of Ghana's healthcare delivery system, they also believe that there are a number of difficulties that need to be addressed right away. Conclusion: Because naturopathic medicines are critical components of Ghana's healthcare delivery system, strong healthcare policy is required to help regulate the profession and facilitate integration into the healthcare system.

Author(S) Details

Raphael Nyarkotey Obu
Department of Holistic Medicine, Nyarkotey College of Holistic Medicine and Technology, Ashaiman, Ghana.

Lawrencia Aggrey –Bluwey
Department of Health Administration and Education, University of Education, Winneba Ghana.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NFMMR-V11/article/view/3696

Prayer and Naturopathic Medicine in Ghana; A Qualitative Study | Chapter 09 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 11

 Spirituality is crucial in the life of a Ghanaian patient seeking treatment. In their seek for God's face, the majority of them end up in prayer camps. In Ghana, several Naturopathic practitioners have started to incorporate prayer exercises during their consultations. The majority of these practitioners are pastors. Using Ghana as a case study, we want to look into the function of prayer in the Naturopathic profession.

The purpose of this research is to look at the qualitative aspect of prayer's use as a type of Naturopathic protocol employed by naturopathic practitioners in their healthcare delivery.

Methods: A draught open-ended questionnaire was sent via WhatsApp to thirty (30) Naturopathic practitioners with pastoral backgrounds who are members of the Ghana Association of Naturopathic Physicians (GANP) in their various Naturopathic facilities that provide pastoral services as part of this qualitative study.

According to naturopathic practitioners, patients seek prayer services from their centres as a supplemental therapy as part of their therapeutic order routine.

Patients also employ prayer as a traditional remedy for their medical problems, according to others.

Conclusion: We discovered that effective prayer is crucial in the healing process of a sick patient.

Prayer is widely used by Naturopathic doctors as a supplemental therapy rather than a regular treatment.

Author(S) Details

Raphael Nyarkotey Obu
Department of Holistic Medicine, Nyarkotey College of Holistic Medicine and Technology, Ashaiman, Ghana.

Lawrencia Aggrey –Bluwey
Department of Health Administration and Education, University of Education, Winneba Ghana.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NFMMR-V11/article/view/3695

Diagnostic Utility of Immunohistochemical Expression of HE4 in Epithelial Ovarian Neoplasm: A Cross-sectional Prospective Study | Chapter 08 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 11

 Background: Ovarian cancer has a significant mortality rate due to late diagnosis. Case-specific management can be improved with early and precise diagnosis. Among all gynaecological cancers, ovarian carcinoma has the greatest fatality rate. HE4 (human epididymis protein 4) is a novel biomarker for ovarian cancer diagnosis that has been shown to be overexpressed in ovarian cancer cells.

The study's goals and objectives were to assess the immunohistochemistry expression of HE4 in diverse epithelial ovarian neoplasms.

Material and Methods: From December 2016 to January 2019, our institution conducted a cross-sectional, prospective, single-institution study in the department of Pathology in partnership with the department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. This study included a total of 71 patients.

The most prevalent epithelial tumour was serous tumour, followed by mucinous tumour. High-grade serous carcinoma and malignant endometrioid tumours had the highest percentage of HE4 expression. The majority of benign serous and mucinous tumours have a negative expression. We discovered a statistically significant link between HE4 expression and several epithelial ovarian tumour types (p=0.000).

Conclusions: HE4 was found to be strongly expressed in malignant ovarian tumours, particularly serous and endometrioid carcinoma, and could be exploited as a biomarker for ovarian cancer. Its predictive usefulness is also supported by its expression in high-grade ovarian serous carcinoma.

Author(S) Details

Begum Afrin Nahar
Department of Pathology, IPGME&R, Kolkata, India.

Rama Saha
Department of Pathology, IPGME&R, Kolkata, India.

Chhanda Das
Department of Pathology, IPGME&R, Kolkata, India.

Gourishankar Kamilya
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IPGME&R, Kolkata, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NFMMR-V11/article/view/3694

Early Assessment of the Risk of Developing Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease | Chapter 07 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 11

 Background: It is well established that subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) might exacerbate the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (NAFLD). NAFLD, in turn, encourages thyroid gland hypofunction. Patients with SH have a higher risk of cardiovascular events, although research on SH screening recommendations is conflicting and inadequate.

The goal of this study was to determine the risk of developing subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) who had a different risk of cardiovascular complications, as well as the relationship between a high risk of developing SH and major cardiovascular factors (CV). Methods and materials: 298 patients with NAFLD who had one or more CV risk factors (arterial hypertension, smoking, hypercholesterolemia) and different levels of CV risk factors on the SCORE scale participated in a one-stage clinical research. A standard questionnaire was given to all patients, and HRQ conducted a thyroid status investigation.

According to the level of overall CV risk for SCORE, patients were classified into three groups: Low/moderate CV risk was 33.9 percent, high CV risk was 41.9 percent, and extremely high CV risk was 24.2 percent. The majority of the participants were between the ages of 50 and 59, and 60 and 69. 22.2 percent of patients in the 40-49 year age group had a high CV risk, 28% of men in the 50-59 year age range had a moderate CV risk, and 49.7% of older patients had a very high CV risk. According to the results of an HRQ questionnaire survey, 34.9 percent of patients have a low risk of developing hypertension, 48.9 percent have a moderate risk, and 16.1 percent have a high risk. According to the HRQ questionnaire, people who have a very high CV risk on the SCORE scale also have a high probability of acquiring the SH. Early signs of thyroid status problems should be discovered in individuals with one or more of the above CV risk factors, and the risk of developing hypertension should be examined. This strategy aids in the accurate assessment of the risk of SH in patients with NAFLD and the creation of primary preventative strategies.

Author(S) Details

Olena Kolesnikova
Government Institution «L.T.Malaya Therapy National Institute of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine.

Valeriya Nemtsova
Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine.

Anna Isayeva
Government Institution «L.T.Malaya Therapy National Institute of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NFMMR-V11/article/view/3693

A Comparative Study on In-vivo Biocompatibility of Four Endodontic Sealers | Chapter 06 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 11

 The goal of this study was to compare the biocompatibility of two new calcium phosphate-based root canal sealers (CPC-I, CPC-II) to a commercially available zinc oxide eugenol-based sealer [Pulp canal sealer EWT (PCS EWT)] and Sealapex after implantation in rat subcutaneous tissue. The test ingredients were placed in sterile polyethylene tubes. The tubes were implanted in the dorsums of male rats, and the animals were euthanized after 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks, yielding 5 specimens for each treatment. As a negative control, empty tubes were used. Inflammation, major cell types, and fibrous connective tissue thickness were all quantified next to each inserted sample. All sealers generated similar inflammatory reactions in the animals' connective tissue at week one, with the majority of specimens demonstrating a moderate to severe chronic inflammatory response. CPC-II and (PCS EWT) caused a severe inflammatory response with the presence of acute inflammatory cells after 2 weeks, whereas CPC-I and Sealapex induced mild and moderate inflammatory responses, respectively. Connective tissue in touch with CPC-I and Sealapex was better organised after 4 weeks, but tissue in contact with CPC-II and (PCS EWT) had a moderate inflammatory reaction and similar effects. CPC-I, (PCS EWT), and Seal apex showed modest inflammatory reactions after 8 weeks. CPC-I elicited the least inflammatory response across all evaluation periods, with the exception of CPC-II, which did not exhibit any reduction in inflammatory response with time. Based on the histology findings of the investigation, CPC-I sealer can be assigned a favourable biocompatibility level.

Author(S) Details

Rania M. Khashaba
Department Oral Biology, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA, USA and Department of Biomaterials, Misr International University (M.I.U), Cairo, Egypt.

Mervet M. Moussa
Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Oral & Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt and Departmentof Basic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

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Study on Consultation in the Mental Health Service of a General Hospital in the Buenos Aires suburban Buenos Aires, Argentina | Chapter 05 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 11

 Exact objectives are imposed based on present historical reality to clarify and disseminate the complicated process of our authentic national culture and propagate the complex process of our authentic national culture. The goal is to honour Dr. Ramón Carrillo's legacy in the development and upgrading of health programmes and strategies. Consultations at our hospital care centre are difficult, for a variety of reasons, including their location in the Buenos Aires suburbs. Patients whose environment, economy, or political circumstances, to put it another way, define the emergence of the "social" as a context and an incidence in the many psychopathological manifestations they display. Conditions that need to be reviewed from our practise, clinical psychology, theoretical assessments, and lastly the clinical area that our clinical practise looks at. And we see the tremendous limitation of the field of the term in the stories of our patients from our clinic. We've noticed that the world is devoid of any guiding principles, and addictions are prevalent. We also discovered that the new technologies had an impact on the marginal spectrum's structure. Its significance necessitates that we examine these activities without overlooking the political inscription that has been maintained and the dominant groups' dominance.

Author(S) Details

Fernando J. Marzano
Hospital Zonal General de Agudos Manuel Belgrano, Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina.

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Study on General Neurolinguistics and the Comprehension Ability | Chapter 04 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 11

 General Neurolinguistics is intended to correspond to the major revision of General Semantics that Alfred Korzybski predicted would happen within 25 years of his death (1950), and that emerges naturally when the mental barrier erected by the unwarranted certainty that physical reality cannot be confirmed with certainty and cannot be objectively understood is removed. Surprisingly, the research that led to this revision began in the 1970s, well within Korzybski's expectations, even though it could not be fully documented and linked to the full set of required formal references until much later, due to the time it took to identify, locate, and correlate every major element of the solution that led to the current synthesis. Synopsis of General Neurolinguistics, followed by a summary of the General Semantics that it is intended to improve. Summary of the role of individual motivation, fueled by feelings of insecurity and the breadth of their personal general knowledge bases, in the formation of societal organisations throughout history. Summary of the reasons for the academic community's historical resistance to the introduction of new grounding paradigms that could have benefited society. Identification of the relationship between an individual's general knowledge base and their level of social awareness as a result of that knowledge. A synopsis of the comprehension process and the features of the neocortex, whose coordinated employment facilitates the acquisition of objective knowledge.

Author(S) Details

André Michaud
Service de Recherche Pédagogique, Canada.

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COVID-19 Disease on 700 Chronic Dialysis Patients from Ecuadorian Highlands: An Observational Study | Chapter 03 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 11

 Introduction: In December of this year, the first cases of Covid-19 sickness were documented. The pandemic has spread throughout the world by March 2021, with 114.217.365 cases and 2.533014 deaths, including 286.155 cases and 15.811 deaths in Ecuador. After one year of pandemic, the researchers wanted to highlight the impact of COVID-19 disease on 700 chronic dialysis patients from Ecuador's highlands, representing roughly 7% of the country's dialysis population.

Materials and Methods: 700 Latino chronic dialysis patients from five different cities in Ecuador's highlands participated in an observational prospective multicenter study.

From February 1, 2020, through January 31, 2021, patients were tracked. COVID-19 signs were discovered, and the disease was only confirmed by PCR testing of nasopharyngeal swabs. If oxygen saturation was less than 90% at the time of presentation (LOS), the disease was classified as severe, moderate if symptoms were present but not at LOS, and asymptomatic if no symptoms were seen. The length of stay in the hospital, the time between a negative PCR and death, as well as laboratory results, were all kept track of.

Results: 215 patients (29%) reported COVID-19 disease symptoms; 115 patients (16%) tested positive, with 60% of them being men (p=0.03). Twenty-five patients died as a result of their illness (22 percent ). Being over 64 years old, having a saturation of less than 90%, and having a severe illness presentation (all p=0.03), as well as having previous lung pathology and hospitalisation (all p=0.01), were all connected to mortality. In 74 patients (64 percent), hospitalisation was required, with an average stay of 11 days (4-15), days until death while hospitalisation of 12 days (4-19), and duration until PCR proved negative of 20 days (10-25). The symptomatology lasted for 16 days (11-26).

Conclusion: COVID-19 disease is more common in men, and it has led in a 22 percent increase in the death rate among chronic dialysis patients. Patients over 64, those with preexisting pulmonary disease, and those with a longer LOS at presentation have a greater chance of death, necessitating more frequent follow-up in this population. COVID-19 has a significant health-care burden in the dialysis community, emphasising that dialysis patients and professionals involved in their care should be vaccinated to reduce disease-related mortality, infections, and health-care expenses.

Author(S) Details

Santacruz Juan
Nephrology and Dialysis Unit “Clínica de Los Riñones Menydial-Quito”, Quito, Ecuador.

Vasquez Ana
Nephrology and Dialysis Unit “Clínica de Los Riñones Menydial-Quito”, Quito, Ecuador.

Reinoso Paulo
Nephrology and Dialysis Unit “Clínica de Los Riñones Menydial-Quito”, Quito, Ecuador.

Sulbaran Carlotta
Nephrology and Dialysis Unit “Clínica de Los Riñones Menydial-Quito”, Quito, Ecuador.

Santacruz Gabriela
Nephrology and Dialysis Unit “Clínica de Los Riñones Menydial-Quito”, Quito, Ecuador.

Arevalo Paola
Nephrology and Dialysis Unit “Clínica de Los Riñones Menydial-Quito”, Quito, Ecuador.

Valencia Alex
Nephrology and Dialysis Unit “Clínica de Los Riñones Menydial-Riobamba”, Riobamba, Ecuador.

Anaya Griselle
Nephrology and Dialysis Unit “Clínica de Los Riñones Menydial-Riobamba”, Riobamba, Ecuador.

Avalos Cesar
Nephrology and Dialysis Unit “Clínica de Los Riñones Menydial-Riobamba”, Riobamba, Ecuador.

Toalongo Yadira
Nephrology and Dialysis Unit “Clínica de Los Riñones Menydial-Riobamba”, Riobamba, Ecuador.

Avalos Francis
Nephrology and Dialysis Unit “Clínica de Los Riñones Menydial-Riobamba”, Riobamba, Ecuador.

Tamayo Oswaldo
Nephrology and Dialysis Unit “Clínica de Los Riñones Menydial-Tulcán”, Tulcán, Ecuador.

Burbano Daniel
Nephrology and Dialysis Unit “Clínica de Los Riñones Menydial-Tulcán”, Tulcán, Ecuador.

Yar Hector
Nephrology and Dialysis Unit “Clínica de Los Riñones Menydial-Tulcán”, Tulcán, Ecuador.

Rodríguez, Norlan
Nephrology and Dialysis Unit “Clínica de Los Riñones Menydial-Ambato”, Ambato, Ecuador.

Quevedo Ángel
Nephrology and Dialysis Unit “Clínica de Los Riñones Menydial-Ambato”, Ambato, Ecuador.

Almagro Jenny
Nephrology and Dialysis Unit “Clínica de Los Riñones Menydial-Ambato”, Ambato, Ecuador.

Guacho José
Nephrology and Dialysis Unit “Clínica de Los Riñones Menydial-Ambato”, Ambato, Ecuador.

Chicaiza Ana
Nephrology and Dialysis Unit “Clínica de Los Riñones Menydial-Ibarra”, Ibarra, Ecuador.

Vera Jairo
Nephrology and Dialysis Unit “Clínica de Los Riñones Menydial-Ibarra”, Ibarra, Ecuador.

Rosales Ubelis
Nephrology and Dialysis Unit “Clínica de Los Riñones Menydial-Ibarra”, Ibarra, Ecuador.

Santacruz Cristóbal
Nephrology and Dialysis Unit “Clínica de Los Riñones Menydial-Quito”, Quito, Ecuador.

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