Long-Term Equilibrium Relationship of the Johansen Model Applied to an Island Zone for Photovoltaic Energy Prediction | Chapter 2 | Science and Technology: Developments and Applications Vol. 10

Solar photovoltaic (PV) plant systems transform solar energy into electric power. A main goal of the Mauritian government is to significantly increase from 13% to 60% of the share of renewables in the energy mix. This paper presents findings based on the Johansen vector error correction model (VECM) cointegration approach, drawing from the author's original and prior research, with a focus on short-term predictions (15-minute intervals) for PV power output in Mauritius. The innovation of this study lies in applying the long-term equilibrium relationship identified in earlier research from Reunion Island to the PV plants in Mauritius. The prediction model has been trained using data from 2019 to 2022, focusing on a random month and day, for both hourly and 15-minute intervals. The data used in this study are measured from the PV system installed on the rooftop of the University of Mauritius (UoM) which is located on the west coast of the island. Experimental results indicate that the performance metric R² values exceed 93%, demonstrating a strong positive correlation between the Johansen model and onsite measurements. This proposed model serves as a robust predictive tool, with the potential for enhanced accuracy when integrated with machine learning techniques such as LSTM that can adapt to varying datasets. Future works will focus on the best artificial intelligence to fit the model as sudden variability in PV power output due to sudden fluctuation in irradiance can have a serious impact on grid stability.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Harry Ramenah
University of Lorraine, LCOMS Laboratory, 57070 Metz, France.

 

Abdel Khoodaruth
University of Mauritius, Faculty of Engineering, Réduit, Mauritius.

 

Vishwamitra Oree
University of Mauritius, Faculty of Engineering, Réduit, Mauritius.

 

Zahiir Coya
University of Mauritius, Faculty of Engineering, Réduit, Mauritius.

 

Anshu Murdan
University of Mauritius, Faculty of Engineering, Réduit, Mauritius.

 

Miloud Bessafi
University of Reunion Island, LE²P – Energy-Lab, 97744 Saint-Denis, France.

 

Damodar Doseeah
Central Electricity Board, Curepipe, Mauritius.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/stda/v10/5077

Design and Optimal Choice of a Photovoltaic Pumping System for Irrigation Purposes | Chapter 3 | Theory and Applications of Engineering Research Vol. 7

The global demand energy growth and the exhaustion of oil fields and conventional gases have promoted research in the field of renewable energies. Among these sources of energy, the solar is the most important renewable energy source in Morocco. The present project deals with a method of designing a photovoltaic solar pumping system. The aim of this design is to make an optimal choice of the various industrial equipment of this system as well as the choice of the appropriate numerical methods ensuring optimization, regulation and safety. This sizing method is based on the mathematical equations that govern the system as well as the charts of electrical and mechanical quantities. The system in question is composed of three equipments namely: The PV generator, the drive and the motor pump. This design not only makes it possible to design the pumping system to meet the desired technical specifications, but also to ensure compatibility to ensure proper operation and reliability. It is based essentially on the assessment of the water requirements, the calculation of the necessary hydraulic energy, the calculation of the necessary electrical energy that is provided by the PV generator and the optimization of the constituents of the system. In this design, the estimated flow is 3 m3 / h for a total dynamic head (TDH) of 75 m. The design and choice of the industrial equipment are made on a real installation to meet the water needs of the gardens of the Faculty of Science and Techniques of Beni-Mellal.

 

The theoretical sizing technique used guides and makes easier the optimal choice of the station’s equipment. A PV generator of six poly-crystalline modules ElySun250, the solar three-phase inverter HSPL 1500H and the motor pump SP3A-18T are chosen for our pumping station. They are compatible with voltage, current and electrical power. This is essential to ensure proper functioning and avoid any damage or destruction of the purchased system on the installation site.

Author(s) Details:

Abdennabi Brahmi,
Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Treatment and Transmission of Information (ERTTI), Morocco.

Mohcine Byar,
Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Beni Mellal, Laboratory of Automatic, Energy Conversion and Microelectronic (LACEM), Morocco.

Abdelouahed Abounada,
Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Beni Mellal, Laboratory of Automatic, Energy Conversion and Microelectronic (LACEM), Morocco.

Ghizlane Chbirik,
Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Beni Mellal, Laboratory of Automatic, Energy Conversion and Microelectronic (LACEM), Morocco.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TAER-V7/article/view/13680

Enhanced Model Based Algorithm to Reinforce PV System with Optimized Tracking Capability | Chapter 6 | Contemporary Perspective on Science, Technology and Research Vol. 4

To achieve a reliable and efficient system operation, this study presents an optimized algorithm which enhances the model-based (MB) tracking capability so as to overcome major deficiencies as discussed below. Photovoltaic (PV) power has become the most attractive choice among various renewable resources. However, one major challenge associated with PV interfacing is its intermittent output characteristic which varies dramatically with the operating conditions. Thus, designing an effective maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is a key aspect for optimizing PV system performance. Numerous MPPT algorithms have been proposed earlier having their own specific advantages. However, these are found to have two major limitations which have to be essentially addressed. Firstly, they become ineffective in the dynamic conditions where there is rapid change in environmental parameters like insolation and temperature. Secondly, they fail to discriminate between global and local peaks under partial shading conditions. Effectiveness of proposed tracking algorithm is tested by obtaining PV power characteristics under dynamic conditions where different parameters are varied alternately. On the basis of modified governing equations and incorporating the precised estimation of parameters, it predetermines the MPP analytically. First simulated results are obtained where it is tested for dynamic variations of all the three parameters. Then the experimental validation is carried out on a 2 KW installed panel where real time data is recorded through CR1000 data logger and environmental parameters are sensed with elements like pyranometer, humidity sensor, etc. Numerous experimental results are analyzed for tracked MPP in the dynamic conditions, which are then summarized in tabular forms. These are finally plotted and compared with simulated results to illustrate the effectiveness of proposed MB algorithm. Thus, it has been verified that MB algorithm is very efficient and effective for tracking not only in dynamically varying insolation or temperature but additionally it is equally capable for typical shaded panels also.

Author(s) Details:

Md. Ehtesham,
Department of Electrical and Electronics, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Cuttack Campus, India.

Mohmmad Ahmad,
Department of Electrical Engineering, Rajkiya Engineering College, Bijnor, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPSTR-V4/article/view/13139

Application of Advanced Filtering Algorithm to Enhance the Power Quality of Photovoltaic System | Chapter 3 | Theory and Applications of Engineering Research Vol. 3

This study presents a state-estimation based effective compensation strategy for enhancing performance of employed Active Power Filter (APF) scheme. The latest advancements in photovoltaic technology like reduced panel costs, higher efficiency and improved tracking schemes have provided a driving thrust resulting in enormous PV penetration. With the photovoltaic (PV) system becoming highly popular in distribution network, there is also a growing concern regarding its adverse impacts over the power quality (PQ) of integrated system. This deterioration in PQ has sparked a new interest in the filtering techniques used in the power system for mitigating these problems. In contrast to conventional passive filters now APFs are being looked as the predominant solution. The enhanced filtering performance has been also signified by comparing the harmonics elimination capability of various Kalman Filtering (KF) algorithms. A novel control technique for PQ enhancement is proposed where KF approach has been applied for generating the reference signals. Here, an adaptive hysteresis band technique has been applied in the switching strategy which has reduced the complexities in generating reference current. Thus, an enhanced filter performance is achieved with reduced harmonics and better elimination of distortions. Simulated results obtained in MATLAB/Simulink platform have been analyzed completely, where the superiority of filtering algorithm has been also demonstrated through least THD achieved in source current among all the existing filters technologies.

Author(s) Details:

Md. Ehtesham,
Department of Electrical & Electronics, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Cuttack Campus, India.

Mohmmad Ahmad,
Department of Electrical Engineering, Rajkiya Engineering College, Bijnor, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TAER-V3/article/view/13034

Impact of Weather Conditions on the Performance of Highly Mounted PV Panels | Chapter 3 | Research Highlights in Science and Technology Vol. 7

 This phase highlights about the weather environments of using this new alleviation technique on the adeptness of the PV panel in both seasons. Solar PV modules are unprotected to outdoor atmospheres where dust growth is a prime degrading determinant. Soiling and its effect on accomplishment of solar modules are mainly of high concern for domains with a high dethroning of dust and low frequency and less force of rain.  In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), dust buildup on photovoltaic (PV) panels poses a weighty hazard and reduces their effectiveness. Due to restricted water supplies and extreme rates of dust collection during the whole of the year, cleaning PV panels has continually been troublesome in the majority of these nations. A new dust mitigation method has been grown in this research, that consists of a wind shield, antistatic hydrophilic covering and a mechanical vibrator. The objective of this research search out study the weather conditions on the conduct of this new dust alleviation technique for PV panels that use street light posts. Two experiments were administered for six weeks in 2021; the first one was in cold while the other individual was in summer. Two PV panels were investigated in each tests. The second committee is equipped accompanying a mechanical vibrator, a wind screen, and an antistatic hydrophilic covering in addition to comprise a comparison committee for the first PV panel. The wind shield's purpose search out prevent the wind from the south from tumbling. The antistatic coating halts the dust particles from obeying to the panel's surface. The duty of the mechanical vibrator search out shake off the located dust particles on the committee’s surface. The experimental results show that applying the antistatic covering together with the wind shield accompanying vibrating the committee in case of the cold experiment preserved the effectiveness of the panel, specific that the drop in adeptness did not exceed the perpetuation limit of 10% during the experiment. It was proved that the percentage visit efficiency for fear that of the shielded committee in the winter experiment acted not exceed 10% during the 6 weeks of movement, and this duration be necessary to increase to a longer ending i.e. 8 weeks. While, the allotment drop in adeptness in case of the protected panel in the summertime experiment exceeded the 10% in the 5th week. Study alos shows unequivocally that the wind screen, machinelike vibrator, and coating are an persuasive dust mitigation method for PV panels running light posts, particularly in the cold.    

Author(s) Details:

R. Shenouda,

Department of Mechatronics, Faculty of Engineering and Materials Science, German University in Cairo (GUC), Cairo, Egypt.

M. S. Abd-Elhady,

Department of Mechatronics, Faculty of Engineering and Materials Science, German University in Cairo (GUC), Cairo, Egypt and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.

H. A. Kandil,

Department of Mechatronics, Faculty of Engineering and Materials Science, German University in Cairo (GUC), Cairo, Egypt.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHST-V7/article/view/11397

Influence of Mechanical Vibrations on the Efficiency of Highly Mounted PV Panels | Chapter 2 | Research Highlights in Science and Technology Vol. 7

 This phase highlights the Influence of Mechanical Vibrations on the Efficiency of Highly Mounted PV Panels. The strength crisis and the surroundings change are leading the experience to decrease the dependence on nonrenewable energy and increase the use of renewable. The most natural system for direct adaptation of solar energy into energetic energy is the Photovoltaic (PV) panels. Dust and soil accumulation on the committee's surface impairs the performance of the PV committee; it decreases the production power and therefore lowers the efficiency of the PV committee resulting in declining the performance. In the first of two experiments, the effect of growing the mechanical vibrator's turning speed on the vibration's size was examined. It was found that as the rotational speed is raised, the vibration's size increases, which lowers the rate at that dust accumulates.  On the other hand, the influence of growing the vibration occasion on the dust accumulation rate has happened investigated in the second experiment. This experiment exists of three PV panels mounted on a light post; the first committee is a reference committee for comparison, while the added two panels consist of a dust shield, an antistatic hydrophilic covering and a mechanical vibrator operating for 2 brief time period and 4 brief time period, respectively. The allotment drop in effectiveness after 6 weeks of movement in case of the citation panel and quivering the PV panel for 2 brief time period and 4 min, are 19.02%, 13.75% and 11.14%, individually. It was found that growing the vibration opportunity from 2 to 4 min, decreases the allotment drop in adeptness by 27% and 41%, as compared to the citation panel. A further evidence of the effectiveness of the quivering duration on the settled dust mitigation method on PV panels operating light posts is that the maintenance period, in cases of the 2 min and 4 brief time period of vibrations, is individual and two weeks lengthier than the reference committee. . It can be decided from the conducted research that growing the rotational speed of the machinelike vibrator increases the amplitude of shaking.

Author(s) Details:

R. Shenouda,

Department of Mechatronics, Faculty of Engineering and Materials Science, German University in Cairo (GUC), Cairo, Egypt.

M. S. Abd-Elhady,

Department of Mechatronics, Faculty of Engineering and Materials Science, German University in Cairo (GUC), Cairo, Egypt and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.

Amir R. Ali,

Department of Mechatronics, Faculty of Engineering and Materials Science, German University in Cairo (GUC), Cairo, Egypt and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.

H. Kandil,

Department of Mechatronics, Faculty of Engineering and Materials Science, German University in Cairo (GUC), Cairo, Egypt.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHST-V7/article/view/11396

Determining the Impact of the Environmental Condition on the Production Performance of Photovoltaic in Kirkuk, Iraq | Chapter 11 | New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 12

 The current study looked into the effect of weather conditions on the photovoltaic (PV) module's production performance. The tests were carried out using two identical 75-watt PV modules that were deployed in the same weather circumstances in Kirkuk City, Iraq, during the summer season. One was utilised as a standard module as a reference panel, while the other was used in all of the essential testing. Water circulation has been used to cool the PV module to an excellent soil, which has been used to assess the effect of hot weather and dust deposition on PV performance. The results show that temperature increases have an inverse effect on the fill factor (FF) and PV efficiency; on the other hand, the cooling process contributed to an increase of 11.8 percent in the voltage generated across PV panels, whereas the reduction in voltage generation by unclean panels due to natural pollution deposition on the front of the panels for three months was about 3.8 percent when compared to clean panels and 13.8 percent when compared to voltage pro. Improve its performance by performing periodic maintenance on the PV module to remove dust and adding the appropriate size of PV panels to compensate for the shortage in PV unit power production caused by hot weather that cannot be regulated.

Author(S) Details

Ehsan Fadhil Abbas
The Power Mechanic Techniques Engineering Department, Technical Engineering College, Kirkuk, Northern Technical University, Iraq.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NAER-V12/article/view/3845

Determining the Impact of the Environmental Condition on the Production Performance of Photovoltaic in Kirkuk, Iraq | Chapter 11 | New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 12

The current study looked into the effect of weather conditions on the photovoltaic (PV) module's production performance. The tests were carried out using two identical 75-watt PV modules that were deployed in the same weather circumstances in Kirkuk City, Iraq, during the summer season. One was utilised as a standard module as a reference panel, while the other was used in all of the essential testing. Water circulation has been used to cool the PV module to an excellent soil, which has been used to assess the effect of hot weather and dust deposition on PV performance. The results show that temperature increases have an inverse effect on the fill factor (FF) and PV efficiency; on the other hand, the cooling process contributed to an increase of 11.8 percent in the voltage generated across the PV panel, while the reduction in voltage generation by unclean panels due to natural pollution deposition on the front of the panel for three months was about 3.8 percent when compared to clean panels. Improve its performance by performing periodic maintenance on the PV module to remove dust and adding the appropriate size of PV panels to compensate for the shortage in PV unit power production caused by hot weather that cannot be regulated.

Author (S) Details

Ehsan Fadhil Abbas

The Power Mechanic Techniques Engineering Department, Technical Engineering College, Kirkuk, Northern Technical University, Iraq.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NAER-V12/article/view/3845

Investigation on Electronically Coupled Distributed Generation Modeling and Control Strategies for Microgrid Applications| Chapter 2 | Current Topics on Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 4

 A single-stage power converter capable of both maximum power point tracking and unity power factor dispatching is proposed for electronically coupled dispersed generation. Modeling a solar array (the dispersed generator) and a three-phase grid-connected inverter yields the best control parameters. Inner and outer control loops are used by the inverter's controller to control parameters. The inner control loop translates input from the abc frame to the d, q, 0 frame in order to dispatch at unity power factor. The new technique, which may be used at the primary control level in microgrid applications, tracks the maximum power point in the outside circuit. loop of voltage control (local controller). The active power of single-stage and two-stage power converters is compared, revealing that single-stage is more efficient. In terms of active power yields, a comparison is made between variable and fixed DC reference voltages for the proposed single-stage converter system. The impacts of diverse ambient disturbances on active and reactive power yields, such as changing weather conditions, solar radiation with severe disturbances, and varying PV cell temperature, are explored in this paper. this project A dynamic reference voltage is advised for use. Simulations in Matlab/Simulink demonstrate its efficiency under a variety of radiation and temperature settings. The single-stage power conversion system executes all duties correctly with a unity power factor operation.

Author (S) Details

Bilal M. Eid
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Turkey.

Nasrudin Abd. Rahim
UM Power Energy Dedicated Advanced Centre (UMPEDAC)Wisma R & D, University of Malaya 59990 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Renewable Energy Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Jeyraj Selvaraj
UM Power Energy Dedicated Advanced Centre (UMPEDAC)Wisma R & D, University of Malaya 59990 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

B. W. Williams
Electronic and Electrical Engineering Department, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CTMCS-V4/article/view/2277

FPGA Implementation of High-Frequency Repeated PWM for Variable Voltage Variable Frequency Controller | Chapter 9 | Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 9

 In this paper, we provide an FPGA implementation of multiple pulse width modulation (MPWM) signal generation with data segment repetition, which has been applied to variable frequency variable voltage systems, particularly the photovoltaic water pumping system, in order to generate a signal command very easily between 10 hz and 60 hz with a small frequency and reduce the control system's cost.

Author(s) Details

Abdelâali Boumaaraf
Laboratoire des Capteurs, Instrumentations et Procédés (LCIP), Algeria and Université Abbès Laghrour, Khenchela, 40000, Algeria.

Laid Gourmat
Université Abbès Laghrour, Khenchela, 40000, Algeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/AAER-V9/article/view/1017

Determination of the Energy Band Gap of Silicon Using Quantum Simulation for Photovoltaic Applications | Chapter 4 | Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 2

This thesis deals with the study of the band structure and silicon state density using the first-principle pseudopotential approach, based on the functional density theory (DFT) and the plane-wave method as implemented in the Quantum Espresso kit (this is an open source program for electronic structure science, simulations, and material optimizations). The band gap value found varies from -0.2 and +0.6 eV. The peaks of- 3.0 eV to- 3.5eV and 5.50eV to 7.5eV for Si material can be observed from the DOS graph.

Author (s) Details

M. A. Bilya
Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria.

M. U. Sarki
Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria.

A. A. Mundi
Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/AAER-V2/issue/view/31