Obesity is caused by a long-term caloric imbalance in which energy intake exceeds energy expenditure over months or years. It is thought to be the result of intricate interactions between environmental and heritable factors, yet determining which specific metabolic factors or genes endure has proven difficult and incomplete. Despite the fact that common forms of obesity have a relatively high heritability, accounting for 40 to 70% of the obese population, the identification and conformation of definitive genetic or epigenetic obesogenic variants that, when activated, may contribute to a susceptibility to excess weight gain has proven difficult. Obesity, overweight problems, and their direct link to hypertension are on the rise in the United States, reaching alarming, if not epidemic, proportions across much of Western culture and society in recent history. Despite significant advances in nutrition knowledge and practise, pharmacotherapeutic management, and lifestyle modifications, nearly one-third of the US population is now overweight, and the cost of medical management of overweight and obese conditions and their commonly associated pathophysiologic sequelae is becoming burdensome to public health and the medical community. The goal of this study was to look at the hormonal and metabolic mechanisms that may have a role in the development of the obese body type. Obesity usually develops gradually over months to years in most humans, but it develops more quickly in most extensively studied genetic models of obesity, where it usually follows the expression of an autosomal recessive genetic characteristic on chromosome 5 in rodent models. Obesity in humans is usually attributed to a mix of poorly defined genetically related features and environmental influences, but it is highly linked to heritable familial lines.
Author(S) Details
Orien L. Tulp
University of Science, Arts and Technology, Montserrat, British West Indies and The University of Health and Humanities, Virgin Islands, UK and The Einstein Medical Institute, FL, USA.
Aftab R. Awan
University of Science, Arts and Technology, Montserrat, British West Indies and The University of Health and Humanities, Virgin Islands, UK and The Einstein Medical Institute, FL, USA.
Nasheria Lewis
University of Science, Arts and Technology, Montserrat, British West Indies.
George P. Einstein
University of Science, Arts and Technology, Montserrat, British West Indies and The University of Health and Humanities, Virgin Islands, UK and The Einstein Medical Institute, FL, USA.
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