The target-based
epigenetic mechanisms, as well as the existing and potential therapeutic
relevance of HDACIs in many malignant and non-malignant disorders, are
discussed in this review article. Acetylation and deacetylation of histone
proteins are important epigenetic changes that affect gene transcription and
expression. Acetylation stimulates gene expression by transforming chromatin
into a less compact, transcriptionally active state, which is catalysed by
histone acetyl transferases enzymes. Histone deacetylase enzymes catalyse the
deacetylation of chromatin, which causes it to condense into a closed
structure. Transcriptional factors are unable to access DNA as a result, and
gene expression is reduced. For normal gene expression, the activity of HATs and
HDACS must be balanced. Hypoacetylation, tight chromatin structure, and gene
repression can all arise from increased HDAC activity. A number of malignancies
and other diseases, including neurological disorders, are characterised by
erroneous gene repression. Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors have the ability to
reverse the silence of pathogenic genes by restoring histone acetylation
equilibrium. As a result, HDACIs function as epigenetic modifiers, altering
gene expression without changing DNA sequence. Valproic acid and other HDACIs
have shown promise in diseases other than cancer, including neurological
diseases, mental disorders, autoimmune disorders, inflammatory diseases,
diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and AIDS. HDACIs authorised by the
FDA include Vorinostat, Belinostat, Panobinostat, and Romidepsin. Many more
drugs, including valproic acid, are at various stages of clinical testing.
Medical journal articles and the Medline bibliographic database were used as
data sources.
Author(S) Details
Pinki Vishwakarma
Department of
Pharmacology, LLRM Medical College, Meerut - 250004, U.P., India.
Alok Kumar
Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, RIMS & R Saifai,
Etawah -206001, U.P., India.
Alok Kumar
Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, RIMS & R Saifai,
Etawah -206001, U.P., India.
Meena Garg
Department of Pharmacology, LLRM Medical College, Meerut - 250004, U.P., India.
K. K. Saxena
Department of Pharmacology, LLRM Medical College, Meerut - 250004, U.P., India.
View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NHMMR-V3/article/view/6340
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