Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) and Genomics Imbalance to Risk Oxidative Stress Following Environmental Stress: Molecular Vitality for Prediction and Prevention | Chapter 01 | Current Aspects in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol. 7

 Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the most costly health problems, requiring individualised preventative systems that include a variety of pharmacological alternatives. It manifests itself in a variety of ways as a result of risk factors (such as smoking, a high-fat diet, alcohol, stress, and sedentary behaviour) that can lead to microvascular dysfunction (e.g., artery disorders), myocardial infarction (MI), arrhythmias, angina, and atherosclerosis. There is still some bias in CVD pathogenesis and endpoint variance between plaque development and risk variables originating from intrinsic (or hereditary risk) or extrinsic (or environmental risk) sources (or environmental risk). Lipoprotein has been shown to have a significant impact on blood flow and plaque development in prior research. Furthermore, there is sufficient evidence to link various risk factors in a patient's history, such as high blood pressure, vascular injury to the heart, and metabolic problem, to diets that may contribute to heart failure and stroke in clinic and animal models, such as apoE transgenic animals. In this report, we examine molecular tools (i.e., multidimensional Omics or systemic biology with various detection modules such as genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and pharmacogenomics, among others) for supporting early prediction and prevention of patient exposure to environmental risks, as well as conducting systematic health care aligned with surveillance and monitoring, including molecular sensitivity and validation combined with traditional imaging systems in therapeutic and prevention options.

We used Genomics to visualise the patient's genetic variation or polymorphism by comparing DNA sequences to individuals who were not impacted. These results are valuable in determining which genes have been altered and who is more vulnerable due to their genetic composition. Furthermore, proteomics will aid in the investigation of target proteins, including their locations, structures, and activities, in order to better manage cardiopathy or cardiac dysfunction. Metabolomics is an Omics technology used to investigate medication efficacy and metabolism in cardiopathies transmission. Furthermore, identifying metabolites can improve one's understanding of metabolic pathways related to high-fat diets, as well as how certain environmental and genetic factors related to blood flow, as well as altered molecular networks in plaque formation, can influence cardiac dysfunction and its regulatory pathways. Finally, pharmacogenomics will aid in the development of effective treatments on a more individualised basis, ensuring that everybody with a metabolic condition or hypertension has a chronic disease propensity pattern. This will highlight the importance of systemic detection using molecular techniques by integrating to target, Lipoproteins, the correct focus in early cardiomyopathy, and validation in various therapy endpoints to assure quality outcomes.

Author(S) Details

Aleq M. Jaffery
Department of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Science, School of Health Sciences and Practice, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.

Yoon Ju Lee
Department of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Science, School of Health Sciences and Practice, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.

Diane E. Heck
Department of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Science, School of Health Sciences and Practice, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.

Hong Duck Kim
Department of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Science, School of Health Sciences and Practice, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.

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