Study of Migrations as a Public Health Issue | Chapter 2 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 1

 Migrations are temporary or permanent changes of residence, and migrants are people who temporarily or permanently leave their home or country, depending on whether they are internal or external migrations. Economic, political, natural calamities, and wars are all reasons for migration. Around 3.6 percent of the world's population lives outside their home country, and the number of migrants is steadily increasing, with an anticipated 405 million migrants in the world by 2050. Migrations result in the spread of infectious and non-communicable diseases among migrants and the local population in the countries they transit through or stay in.

The goal is to emphasise the importance of migration as a public health issue that impacts both migrants and local residents.

Methods: Review of scientific literature and reports from relevant institutions on the impact of migration on illness occurrence in populations.

Migrants are of all ages, with the exception of the elderly, and are of both sexes, albeit men are more likely to leave their home country for various reasons. Children who relocate without a parent or guardian pose a unique challenge. Personal characteristics of migrants, motives for movement, modes of travel, migration season, hygienic and sanitary conditions in the places through which migrants pass, and conditions at the final destination all influence the occurrence of diseases among migrants. Economic migration has the least negative influence on health since it is planned, migrants are provided with adequate transportation, and they are able to work and live in their final destination. Unplanned migrations, whether prompted by wars, natural disasters, or political factors, have a significant negative influence on health. These migrants' health is jeopardised because they travel by dangerous modes of transportation, lack documentation, including health identity cards, cross borders illegally, and stay unlawfully in transit and host countries. This group of migrants does not have suitable housing. They are constantly stressed, which impacts the start of sickness, because they do not have proper access to health care. Infectious diseases are easily disseminated among migrants, and they are also transmitted to the local population, because they live in groups. Migrants typically have late diagnoses of infectious and non-infectious disorders as a result of an insufficient approach to health care. As a result, treatment is frequently delayed. Linguistic and cultural hurdles obstruct migrants' ability to exercise their rights.

Conclusion: Migration is a major public health issue in today's world, and it needs to be tackled in a methodical manner with the participation of the entire community.

Author (s) Details

Obradovic Zarema
Faculty for Health Studies, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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