Water hammer is a transitory condition caused by an abrupt change in velocity in pipe flows. This phenomena can cause significant pressure variations in pipes, posing a risk to pipelines. Water hammer is typically caused by rapidly closing valves and abruptly turning off or starting pumps. In pressurised pipelines, it is one of the most damaging hydrodynamic effects. The governing equations of the water hammer phenomena are numerically solved using MATLAB in this study, and then a sensitivity analysis is carried out by adjusting factors including pipe roughness, reservoir head, pipe diameter, pipe length, and wave velocity. The numerical answer is based on the following formula:technique of determining qualities (MOC). The results reveal that as pipe roughness increases, pressure fluctuations decrease. Furthermore, as the reservoir water level rises, the pipe experiences intense negative and positive pressures. The pipe's terminal portion is a vital zone for design since maximum and minimum pressures occur there. The pressure variations would be reduced by increasing the pipe diameter. By adopting shorter pipe lengths, the pressure fluctuation range can be greatly reduced. The pressure fluctuation range reduces as wave velocity increases.
Author (S) Details
Dr.Farzin Salmasi
Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
Dr. John Abraham
University of St. Thomas, Minnesota, School of Engineering 2115 Summit Avenue St. Paul, Minnesota 55105, USA.
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