Youth Agriculture Entrepreneurship: A Tool to Enhance Entrepreneurial Success in South Africa | Book Publisher International

 This study investigated the youth participation in agricultural industry as an important instrument for development and sustainable society. In South Africa, youth participation in agricultural sector has been seen as a serious challenge, let alone their participation in the entrepreneurial activities. This challenge had its implication in various ways in the agricultural value and supply chain. It is difficult to imagine agricultural development without youth development. The development of youth in agriculture guarantees a succession in the leadership of the sector and at the same time it also ensures that enterprises are run efficiently and effectively in a sustainable manner. The aim of the study was to determine factors that influence youth agricultural entrepreneurship in Vhembe district municipality of South Africa, and the main objective was to measure the factors that may influence youth agricultural entrepreneurship success and the extent of their impact. The study used a mixed method design which involves both qualitative and quantitative research approaches. The sample size was composed of 235 youth entrepreneurs and the sample frame were drawn from non-probability purposive sampling techniques. Data was collected from a survey using a close-ended questionnaire. Focus sessions were used to collect secondary data as part of qualitative research approach. The study revealed that females constituted the majority of the entrepreneurs relative to male counterpart. These entrepreneurs were found to have basic educational achievements, implying that their capacity to conduct business professionally could be limited as results of low level of skills acumen. Furthermore, the study highlighted that the entrepreneurs under consideration were associated with survivalist entrepreneurship whose business approach was less complex. This research revealed that entrepreneurial factors were significantly positively correlated with each other. It concluded that the youth entrepreneurs in this sector lack important requisites for them to succeed in commercial enterprises. It further reveals that capacity building around technical skills may be required to ensure that these entrepreneurs are efficient and effective in carrying out their duties. In addition, it uncovered that the youth entrepreneurship in this sector were mainly survivalist who operates in environments such as school and home gardens with very marginal that are found in commercial farming and cooperatives. The outcome of the study implies that youth entrepreneurs in this sector should be mentored to be interested in commercial agriculture. In order for them to have an interest in this sort of ventures, they need to be having access and insights into farming commercial operations. It appears that the value which the study adds in the body of knowledge is on the development of an effective youth agricultural entrepreneurship development program.

Author(s) Details:

Victor Mmbengwa,
Department of Agricultural Economic and Animal Production, University of Limpopo, South Africa.

Xiaoshun Qin,
Graduate School of Business Leadership (SBL), University of South Africa, South Africa and ACASA (Association of China-Africa Small-Holder Agriculture), South Africa.

Virginia Nkobi,
DFAS Center Pty Ltd., South Africa.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/YAETEESSA/article/view/9715

The OmpA and Rz/Rz1 Analysis Techniques | Book Publisher International

 Shigatoxin, a toxin that causes the life-threatening illness Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome, can be produced by E. coli O157:H7. Bacteriophage, which are involved in the lysis of bacterial cells, start by adhering to the surface of the host cell using specific host cell surface receptors. The cytoplasm of the bacterial cell is where the bacteriophage's genetic material is introduced. Omp A, a bacteriophage receptor binding protein (RBP) found in the tail end and receptors linked to adsorption, which correlates with the receptor's structural design, initiates bacteriophage infection.

Bacteriophages must go through a number of mechanisms before they can begin the replication process, including (i) searching for and attaching (adsorption) to the surface receptors of the bacterial cell wall, and (ii) carefully perforating the bacterial cell membrane or wall and transferring viral DNA into the host cell cytoplasm. The tail RBP interacts specifically with one or more receptors on the bacterial cell wall during adsorption. RBP, which can be found in different tail substructures, is a significant predictor of bacteriophage host range.

The critical component of bacteriophage infection's initial stage is at the matching tail/receptor, where it further opens the head-to-tail connector for DNA egress and enables the tail to construct a channel across the bacterial cell wall, which then channels the viral genome into the host cell. While mechanical piercing and/or the fusion of proteins with lipid components can be used to cross the bacterial cell wall's membrane layers, the cell wall itself is more stiff and common. It is known that a number of virion proteins that are introduced into the bacterial cell wall include peptidoglycan-degrading activity to aid in cell wall crossing.

Although virionic lysine is frequently linked to specific parts or tail protein domains, it can also be a secreted protein from the capsid after viral opening. The tail sheath contracts as a result of irreversible attachment to the host receptor, allowing the inside of the tail tube to puncture the bacterial cell wall. Glycoprotein, one of the component proteins, exhibits muralitic action. Some bacteriophages enter the bacterial cell wall through the use of a mechanical tool, such as a syringe, which punctures the bacterial cell wall with its "needles".

Bacteriophages utilise the enzymes in their tails without endangering the health of the cell. Contrarily, the Rz/Rz1 protein significantly damages the bacterial cell wall during the process for the release of progeny virions from infected bacteria, leading to the lysis of the host cell. The Rz/Rz1 protein, which is likewise a spanin complex made up of an integral cytoplasmic membrane protein and an outer membrane lipoprotein, The circular coil structure of Rz/Rz1 is given free energy to damage the bacterial cell membrane. Three irreversible successive processes can be seen as constituting bacteriophage-mediated Gram-negative lysis. The DNA from the bacteriophage's head is released through the tail and into the cytoplasm of the bacterial cell during infection because bacteriophage particles bind to and recognize E. coli. Typically, a lytic cycle takes place, during which new bacteriophage particles are created inside the cell and DNA is duplicated. After that, the cell lyses, releasing its contents into the environment along with any formed virions. Additionally, Rz/Rz1 proteins all contribute to the destruction of cell membranes and the creation of holes in bacterial cell membranes.

This study was carried out between August 2020 and August 2021. Eight samples of bacteriophage from Surabaya's ambient sewage and one isolate of E. coli O157:H7 encoded stx1 gene from prior study were used in the investigation. The ligand binding site of bacteriophages was investigated using mass spectrometry and NCBI Blast methods. DNA sequencing methods were used in conjunction with PCR to examine the rz/rz1 gene.

This study's findings lead to the conclusion that the coverage of OmpA sequences as bacterial phage ligand binding sites ranged from 10% to 29%. The bacteriophage's homology to the rz/rz1 bacteriophages gene in the NCBI database ranged from 96.97 to 98.89%. The study's findings indicate that Rz/Rz1 contribute to host bacterial lysis, and OmpA functions as a bacteriophage receptor thanks to its peptide composition, which includes the ligand binding site. The OmpA and Rz/Rz1 lytic bacteriophages from Surabaya, Indonesia, show substantial changes in the amino acids Alanine, Aspartate, Glysine, Proline, and Serine (p = 0.011), Asparagine, Cysteine (p = 0.009), Isoleucine (p = 0.043), Lysine (p = 0.034), Methionine (p = 0.001), Threonine (p = 0.018), and Tryptophane (p = 0.007). It is hoped that the discovery of the RBP will lead to the creation of additional narrow-spectrum antibiotics.

Author(s) Details:

Tessa Sjahriani,
Department of Public Health and Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Malahayati, Bandar Lampung, Lampung, Indonesia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TORAT/article/view/9712

Clinical Applications of Fractals and Fractional Order Systems | Book Publisher International

 Fractional calculus as a generalization of integer-order calculus has been used widely in biology, physics, and finance. The major advantage of fractional-order to integer-order operators is their ability to reveal the complicated dynamics of given systems which makes them a more realistic framework to model different biological and physical phenomena. While the integer-order models provide a small class of non-integer order models, using fractional order operators, we can study different classes of the same model by changing the fractional-order. Therefore, these models provide us more flexibility to analyze and control the behavior of a system. During recent decades many efforts in the area of fractal geometry have been made to discover and control the nonlinear and complicated dynamics of different systems that exhibit fractal processes. A fractal has been defined as a subset of Euclidean space with a dimension strictly higher than its topological dimension. For the first time, Mandelbrot in 1983 introduced these irregular geometric objects to the world. Fractals also can be defined as physical models for different phenomena which are distributed evenly in the embedding space. Fractals are well-known because of their unique property which is self-similarity in different scales. During recent decades, researchers in different field of sciences have developed varieties of interesting studies about the unique properties of fractals.

Author(s) Details:

Tahmineh Azizi,
Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAFFOS/article/view/9926

A Survey on the Crossing Number Problem | Book Publisher International

 The crossing number of a graph G, denoted by cr(G), is defined to be the least number of its edges' crossings that might arise among all its drawings in the plane. The origin of this concept goes back to the Hungarian mathematician Paul Turan in 1944, when he was forced to work in a labor camp during the World War II, his problem (known as Turan's brick factory problem) in graphic terms asks: what is the minimum number of crossings amongst the edges if the complete bipirtite graph is drawn in the plane?. In this book, we collect together the results and papers that dealt with the crossing number problem through four main sections. The first section includes the presentation of the conjectures that are still uncertain, arranged by date, from the oldest to newest, the second section contains the known values for the Cartesian product of two graphs, the third section concerns the known values for join product of two graphs and the last section shows the known values for other kinds of graphs. Furthermore, we exhibit interesting examples for each presented conjecture.

Author(s) Details:

Mhaid Mhdi Alhajjar,
Department of Mathematics, C V Raman Global University Odisha, India.

Amaresh Chandra Panda,
Department of Mathematics, C V Raman Global University Odisha, India.

Siva Prasad Behera,
Department of Mathematics, C V Raman Global University Odisha, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ASCNP/issue/view/993

Some Inherent Properties of Pythagorean Triples | Chapter 12 | Research Highlights in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 7

 This article revisits the topic of Pythagorean triples with a different perspective. While several methods have been explored to generate Pythagorean triples, none of them is complete in terms of generating all the triples without repetitions. Indeed, many existing methods concentrate on generating primitive triples but do not cater to non-primitives. Also study focused to Geometric Series representation of Set of Pythagorean triples and its relation with above Length of Pythagorean triples.

Author(s) Details:

Thiruchinapalli Srinivas,
Priyadarshini College of Engineering and Technology, Kanuparthipadu, SPSR Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHMCS-V7/article/view/10006

Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques for Studying the Large Roman Urban System Expansion during the Last Twenty Years: A Combined Approach | Chapter 11 | Research Highlights in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 7

 Several factors, such as rapid population shifts, poorly organized areas, and a lack of data for monitoring urban growth and land use change, may contribute to the ongoing challenges for spatial planning and policy in megacities such as Rome. This study was conducted to investigate the past and present effects of the urbanization process, occurred over the large Roman urban system, on the basis of multi-source and multi-temporal optical remote sensing (RS) data, collected between 1990 and 2013. These modifications were then validated using Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques in a specific procedure for urban land/agricultural transformations. The proposed method, which is based on geostatistical methods, was used to calculate the index of innovative space (AP Index), which is useful for monitoring the phenomenon of urban sprawl. There is strong evidence of urban expansion in the city's north-eastern quarter, accompanied by environmental degradation and biodiversity loss. Urban infill growth is projected to emerge in the south-eastern areas as well, potentially increasing urban pressure. Finally, RS and GIS technologies, in conjunction with ancillary data, can be used to aid decision-makers in developing future strategies for identifying appropriate solutions to urbanization encroachment.

Author(s) Details:

Emanuele Loret,
Department of Civil Engineering and Computer Science (DISP), University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy.

Luca Martino,
Directorate of Earth Observation Programmes, EOP-G Department, European Space Agency (ESA), Frascati, Italy.

Maurizio Fea,
Council of Presidency, Italian Geophysical Association (AGI), Rome, Italy.

Francesco Sarti,
Earth Observation Science Strategy, Coordination and Planning Office, Directorate of Earth Observation, European Space Agency (ESA), Frascati, Italy.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHMCS-V7/article/view/10005

A Gröbner Bases Approach to the Detection of Improperly Parameterized Rational Curve | Chapter 10 | Research Highlights in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 7

 Certain limited sets of multivariate polynomials are known as Gröbner bases. Several issues in polynomial ideal hypothesis (such as those including algebraic geometry and non-undeviating computational geometry) are surely resolved following in position or time translating the polynomial sets used in the question specification into Gröbner basis form. The plan of Gröbner bases is used in this place research to offer an algorithm for labeling inappropriate parameterization of realistic curves. The Gröbner bases’ ability to function in both univariate and multivariate fields accompanying specified organizing is the advantage of the projected approach.

Author(s) Details:

Amadu Fullah Kamara,
Department of Mathematics, University of Science and Technology of China, China and Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Pure & Applied Sciences, Fourah Bay College, University of Sierra Leone, Sierra Leone.

Mohamed Abdulai Koroma,
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Pure & Applied Sciences, Fourah Bay College, University of Sierra Leone, Sierra Leone and Department of Mathematics, Harbin Institute of Technology, China.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHMCS-V7/article/view/10004

Mathematics: An Important Predictor of Science Achievement | Chapter 9 | Research Highlights in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 7

 This episode examined the relationship 'tween eighth grade students’ science and arithmetic achievements and the determining determinants of science achievement utilizing TIMSS 2019 data for Malaysia. A total of 7,065 students engaged in TIMSS 2019 with an average score 488.08 and standard deviation 92.77 for erudition, and 488.24 with standard deviation 91.32 for arithmetic. A significantly high equivalence was observed 'tween the two scores.The multiple reversion analysis science accomplishment showed that mathematics scores, being male, forever speak the language of test at home, bearing educated parents, undergraduates liking and valuing learning as well as having assurance in science had a significant certain influence on science achievement. Efforts to help science achievement concede possibility include strategies and projects that would motivate students to like knowledge mathematics and science, to enjoy the value of and have confidence in two together subjects.

Author(s) Details:

Halimah Awang,
Social Wellbeing Research Centre, Universiti Malaya, Malaysia.

Abdul Latif Haji Salleh,
Universiti Sultan Azlan Shah, Malaysia.

Tan Lih Yoong,
Social Wellbeing Research Centre, Universiti Malaya, Malaysia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHMCS-V7/article/view/10003

Tensor Product of 2-Frames in 2-Hilbert Spaces: Its Application to Industry | Chapter 8 | Research Highlights in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 7

 2-frames in 2-Hilbert scopes are investigated, and few results are bestowed. The tensor product of 2-frames in 2-Hilbert scopes is defined. It was explained that the tensor device of two 2-frames is a 2-frame for the tensor product of Hilbert rooms. Some results on the tensor product of two frames have existed settled.

Author(s) Details:

G. Upender Reddy,
Department of Mathematics, University College of Science, Mahatma Gandhi University, Nalgonda, T.S, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHMCS-V7/article/view/10002

Development of Secure and Novel Methods of Image Encryption Using an Image as Key | Chapter 7 | Research Highlights in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 7

 Encryption is individual of the proven plans for securing documents from illegal access. Image Encryption maybe applied to documents that are thumbed through and saved as representations. Many text encryption forms are available but are not acceptable for documents in image format. Three plans for image encryption are projected in this item. Key Bitplane Encryption, Key Scan Encryption, and Key RGB Displacement Encryption are the proposed designs for encrypting images. All of these orders share the idea of utilizing an image as the key to encode another image. These algorithms are checked for color and grayscale images, in addition to for images of differing sizes.  The three methods defined in the paper are examined for strength and common attack types. For each arrangement, a comparison utilizing statistical patterns is also likely. The methods are implemented in Matlab, and the test figures come from the Computer Vision Group Database.

Author(s) Details:

Shrija Madhu,
Godavari Institute of Engineering and Technology (A), Rajahmundry, A.P., India.

Mohammed Ali Hussain,
Department of ECE, KL University, Guntur, A.P., India.

N. Leelavathy,
Godavari Institute of Engineering and Technology (A), Rajahmundry, A.P., India.

B. Sujatha,
Godavari Institute of Engineering and Technology (A), Rajahmundry, A.P., India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHMCS-V7/article/view/10001

Recent Development of Max-SNR Opportunistic Scheduling in Cross Layer Design | Chapter 6 | Research Highlights in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 7

 Wireless range efficiency is crucial to meet the increasing demand for wireless duties, particularly low-cost natural Internet services. In contrast to connected networks, wireless channels feature location and occasion-varying. At some one time, various channel environments affect miscellaneous wireless users. A cross-tier design technique named opportunistic scheduling is used to impose upon the wireless surroundings's time-varying traits and boost system performance overall while still intersection user-particularized Quality of Service (QoS) and fairness guidelines. Opportunistic algorithms' fundamental premise is to schedule a consumer with the optimum channel condition at a particular moment by imposing upon channel changes. The demand for QoS provisioning cannot be met by a plan that only permits consumers with best choice channel conditions to transmit at extreme transmission capacities.Using the Max-Min fair algorithm, the project's aim is to establish opportunistic scheduling while supporting fairness and QoS requirements. The Media Access Control (MAC) tier has been outfitted with an opportunistic scheduler that engages Max-Min fairness arranging. Here, the base station collects the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) of all the nodes and before schedules the users established these SNR values using at top speed-Min algorithm. Strict Priority, a non-materialistic scheduling technique, is therefore used to accomplish the equal scenario. The throughput, fairness, delay, and shake of the two happening algorithms are then contrasted.

Author(s) Details:

T. Praveena,
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, RV College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHMCS-V7/article/view/10000

Operational Study of IoT in the production of Crude Oil | Chapter 5 | Research Highlights in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 7

 Oil is ultimate valuable commodity, general petroleum transactions now average over two billion dollars continually. According to dollar sales occurring, it is the first trillion-greenback business in the world. Almost 90 governments calculate heavily on the income provided by taxes. Oil is an essential component of the economies of various nations, compensating more than 80% of Libya's, Iran's, Kuwait's, Saudi Arabia's, and Venezuela's total exports. The result of crude oil is becoming more clever by deploying new techniques to reinforce viable and capital adeptness, humble HSE risks, enhance capital of business, lower investment, and increase in output because of the reduced oil price environment. To attain these goals, the IoT is at a forefront of digital revolution, permissive seamless group of instantaneous dossier handling and analyzing supplies and its exercises. However, various hurdles are slowing the use of Io T electronics for overall routine operation. This item gives an overview of IoT adoption in unrefined petroleum sector, containing its role, effect, potential, barriers, and present state.

Author(s) Details:

Lalit Sagar Rachala,
Dayananda Sagar Academy of Technology and Management, Bangalore, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHMCS-V7/article/view/9999

Stability of Stochastic Differential Equations with State-dependent Delays | Chapter 4 | Research Highlights in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 7

 This branch is devoted to stability case of systems accompanying state-dependent delays under stochastic perturbations. Sufficient environments of asymptotic mean square stability for the nothing solution of a linear theory of probability differential equation accompanying distributed delays are acquired via the general form of Lyapunov functionals construction and the plan of linear matrix prejudices (LMIs). Besides delay-independent and delay-dependent environments of stability in odds are obtained for two equilibria of a nonlinear stochastic characteristic equation unhurriedly and exponential nonlinearity. The negative definiteness of casts in the obtained LMIs is checked utilizing the special MATLAB program. It is eminent that the proposed research method maybe used for the study of additional types of linear and nonlinear systems accompanying state-dependent delays. Numerical simulation of resolutions of the considered theory of probability differential equations accompanying state-dependent delays represent the presented here hypothetical results and open to readers consideration a new unsolved question of the obtained stability environments improving.

Author(s) Details:

Leonid Shaikhet,
Department of Mathematics, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHMCS-V7/article/view/9998

Relevance of Cybersecurity Education at Pedagogy Levels in Schools | Chapter 3 | Research Highlights in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 7

 Today, the computer network extensively impacts folk’s lives through improved com- munications, interactions, and the exchange of facts. Despite all these positive belongings, it also causes in significant negative issues. Over the current years, cases of connected to the internet fraud, cyber-domineering, racial abuse, betting, and por- nography have increased due to the lack of poise and overall awareness with internet users. Therefore, skilled is a need to create knowledge and training on cybersecurity in schools to protect pupils from cyber-domineering, online fraud, and being marks of prejudice. Research reveals that the level of discretion and awareness among computer network users is still moderate and reduced. To ensure cybersecurity knowledge and knowledge among computer network users, young folk need to get educated on in what way or manner to operate carefully in cyberspace. This education will guarantee that they accept how to keep themselves from cybercrimes. To this extent, this research paper will explore the heart of cybersecurity education in schools and support strategies that educators can utilize to advance cybersecurity education across education institutions. This paper will thus decide how cybersecurity preparation can be implemented in a knowledge institution.

Author(s) Details:

Eric Amankwa,
Grand Canyon University, Arizona, Phoenix, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHMCS-V7/article/view/9997

On Optimality of Entropy Like Functional in Terms of Distance Function | Chapter 2 | Research Highlights in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 7

 The main objective concerning this investigation is to produce method as optimal resolutions of minimization problem in agreements of distance function or directed difference. The special feature of this approach search out define the connection between distance functions.

Author(s) Details:

Rohit Kumar Verma,
Department of Mathematics, Bharti Vishwavidyalaya, Durg, C.G., India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHMCS-V7/article/view/9996

Application of Dunkl Wavelet Transforms | Chapter 1 | Research Highlights in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 7

 The Integral Equation performs in many fields of science and planning mathematics. This study develops few hypotheses for the resolution of the integral equations on dispersion spaces utilizing the Dunkl Wavelet transforms and accompanying convolution. This paper described the process for employing Dunkl wavelet alters to solve various complete equations. Here we demonstrate the results for three Integral equations.

Author(s) Details:

Pranami Phukan,
Department of Mathematics, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nrjuli, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh-791109, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHMCS-V7/article/view/9995

Applying Odds of Soft Computing-based Approaches for Environmental Impact Assessment | Chapter 1 | Recent Progress in Science and Technology Vol. 8

 Diverse human exercises, as industrial, agricultural, marketing, and touristic ones have the direct aim to support increasing humanity kind of life. Anyway, it has been observed that beside definite direct and desired effects of these exercises, simultaneously they can have also negative, unwelcome, and sometimes unusual effects on environment and institution. For assuring the sustainable happening of human society is so necessary to assess business-related activities not only from economic and concerning details points of view but also from material and social ones. In this framework appropriate indicators for economic, incidental, and social aspects must perform and used. To complete activity environmental impact assessments material indicators on local and regional level search out be used. General ideas regarding environmental signs will be presented, their usage potential as well as use examples from practical positions. Possibilities to define in a modular habit environmental signs will be debated and emphasised. A fuzzy rationale-based aggregation arrangement will be presented for a actual situation of assessing air dirtiness on regional level, and by this the advantages of utilizing soft estimating methods will be pointed out. Obtained results will be discussed, and conclusions regarding the habit potential of presented methods will be drawn.

Author(s) Details: Ildiko Tulbure, University “1 December 1918”, Alba Iulia, Romania, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania and Clausthal University of Technology, Germany. Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RPST-V8/article/view/10057

The Performance of the Health Care System in Yemen before and after the War | Chapter 9 | Recent Progress in Science and Technology Vol. 8

 This paper inquires to assess the conduct of the healthcare system in Yemen pre- and during-conflict 2010-2020 and to try the impact of the conflict on the healthcare system efficiency during the ending 2015-2020. Yemen's prolonged war has ravaged allure energy plan. Fighting, underfunding, and diesel shortages have wreaked havoc on the country with its own government's underdeveloped capacity grid and abandoned communities and cities outside electricity Yemen is an architectural finish one of calamity humanitarian crises in the world on account of the ongoing conflict that has started in 2013. A literature review from 2010 to 2020 of the evidence stated by international and local organizations in addition to in published and classified articles and reports. The study used the Building Blocks foundation developed for one WHO (2007; 2009) (hereafter WHO-BB). According to the findings before the war, Yemen's healthcare scheme was plagued by governance issues and dishonesty, a significant capital gap in the healthcare area, an uneven distribution of healthcare peasants, lax drug regulations, and incompetent health information. Additionally, the belongings of war on the healthcare system were destructive. Yemen's healthcare system is ineffective and loose. The government needs to rearrange the domestic healthcare manufacturing with the assistance of global fitness organisations in order to resolve this question.

Author(s) Details:

Ahlam Esmail Alnaqeb,
Doha Institute for Graduate Studies, School of Economics, Administration and Public Policies, Qatar.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RPST-V8/article/view/10065

Determining Effects of %wt Variation and Retention Rate of Reinforcement on the Mechanical Property of the Ceramic Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites | Chapter 8 | Recent Progress in Science and Technology Vol. 8

 Composites are individual of the necessities of the current industrialized infrastructure on account of changing services demands. . Aluminum ceramic composites are between the most valuable composites in the automotive and aeronautical energies due to their enhanced machinelike and thermal characteristics. The properties of the composite material, nevertheless, are significantly affected by the amount of support.  In this study, Al-SiC (Aluminum-Silicon Carbide) metal form composite was fabricated utilizing a stir casting arrangement. During the process, parameters in the way that stirring speed and hotness were kept nonstop. Sic particles accompanying a mesh size of 200 were secondhand in various magnitudes. The amount of reinforcement was varied from 0% to 12.5%. The severity test, microstructure analysis, ocular Emission Spectroscopy (OES), and SEM-EDX were used to investigate the effect of the allotment variation of the composite. The OES, microstructure study, and SEM-EDX results show that SiC is retained in clean aluminum. The SEM-EDX of the composite accompanying the 7.5% SiC addition shows 5.94% SiC memory, indicating a 79% process effectiveness. Furthermore, the hardness study revealed that growing the percentage of SiC increases severity. Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) and EDS outcomes show the occupancy of iron [Fe] from stirrer blade material.

Author(s) Details:

Jigar Suthar,
LDRP-ITR, KSV University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382015, India.

Kaushik Patel,
Institute of Technology Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat-382481, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RPST-V8/article/view/10064

An Elite Roadway Illuminance Calculation (ERIC) Method Provides Optimum Performance and Cost-saving without Compromising Safety | Chapter 7 | Recent Progress in Science and Technology Vol. 8

 This paper addresses the troubles and consequences of the radiance calculation method for road lighting uses and recommends a novel illuminance calculation means as the best hold right to Roadway Lighting Applications. This change would lower the costs of roadway lighting design while growing safety, helping both society and the declaration. Luminance calculations are complex, communicable approximately five times because the new illuminance calculation form, providing no additional insight, and flexible the same design consequence. This paper conducts a comparative study and analyzes two together methods utilizing regular comparative reasoning, quantitative and concerning qualities not quantities assessments, and offers a resolution to the over-50-year-old challenge. The determinable evaluation uses a sample record of what happened and examines its matching benefit-cost ratio. The concerning qualities not quantities approach entails conducting a survey of peers and ignition designers. This is the first paper to address all of the parameters of road lighting in a comprehensive conduct. This paper will be helpful for professors, researchers, scientists, engineers, experts, architects, illumination designers, contractors, developers, monetary institutions, and administration agencies funding rustic lighting.

Author(s) Details:

Uthayan Thurairajah,
WSP Canada, 100 Commerce Valley Dr. W., Thornhill, Ontario, L3T 0A1, Canada.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RPST-V8/article/view/10063

A Literature Review on Mathematical Morphology Based Image Segmentation Techniques | Chapter 6 | Recent Progress in Science and Technology Vol. 8

 Digital figure processing is an arising technology and has found boundless applications in biomedical image, stellar imaging, detached sensing and sonar imaging, the study of climatology, seismology, bottom of the sea studies and exploration of soil resources. Image segmentation process of some digital concept has been found main in the second level of processing and the main aim concerning this level of processing is to produce and feed the information to the calculating machine for subsequent greater level image dispose of. Morphology based image separation has occupied a important position in state of art figure processing and it needs a all-encompassing investigation for the betterment of the subject worried and for the ease of handling of the large data by the machines. The present phase has aimed at to present a all-encompassing and exhaustive literature study on differing aspects of separation of digital images utilizing morphological approach.

Author(s) Details:

Pinaki Pratim Acharjya,
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Haldia Institute of Technology, West Bengal, India.

Subhabrata Barman,
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Haldia Institute of Technology, West Bengal, India.

Subhankar Joardar,
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Haldia Institute of Technology, West Bengal, India.

Santanu Koley,
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Haldia Institute of Technology, West Bengal, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RPST-V8/article/view/10062

The First Reference of the Effect of the Syrian Natural Zeolite on Airborne Microorganism Pollution of Broiler Farms | Chapter 5 | Recent Progress in Science and Technology Vol. 8

 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of three different levels of Syrian natural zeolite on the bacterial load concentrations in the air of broilers farms for six weeks. The broiler farms are considered as a reservoir of pathogenic microorganism. This research was carried out  in private commercial broiler farm in the Lattakia Governorate, Syria During spring (from March to April) and autumn (from October to November) seasons. In the experiment, commercial broiler hybrid (Roos 308), with a total number (3000), were randomly assigned to four groups. This experiment was created using complete randomization, and each group (750 birds) has three replicates with 250 birds in each replicate (in addition to the control section). The findings revealed that the concentrations value for Staphylococcus spp. during spring, at the sixth week of the fattening period, in the treatment Tz3 (75%) was recorded 7.0×105, while in autumn; the value was 7.4×105 CFU/m3. And for Escherichia coli in spring, was 8.4×103 and in the autumn 8.8×103 CFU/m3. According to the findings, adding Syrian natural zeolite to broiler litter resulted in a significantly (p<0.05) lower concentration of airborne bacteria at the end of the experiment, with a superior effect to Tz3 treatment in the internal air, and the lowest concentration was observed in spring compared to autumn. This result serves as a guide for the optimal use of the various ratios of Syrian natural zeolite, as well as the development of new methods for reducing airborne microorganisms in broiler farms.

Author(s) Details:

Berna Krikor Jilenkerian,
Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

Ali Nisafi,
Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

Ahmad Kara Ali,
Department of Marine Chemistry, Higher Institute of Marine Research, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

Bushra AI-Eissa,
Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RPST-V8/article/view/10061

Implementation of Lean Manufacturing Methodology to Improve Scheduling Performance for High-Mix Low Volume Production | Chapter 4 | Recent Progress in Science and Technology Vol. 8

 Fast change current in customer’s demand determines the type of production. The "extreme-mix and reduced volume" production has enhance the mainstream of result to meet customer’s need. The main problem of high-join low capacity production is significantly growing the frequency of start, causing an increase in set-up occasion for production. For methodical reduction strategies, Shingo projected a lean manufacturing methods called Single Minute Exchange of Die (SMED). The SMED methodology form it possible to reduce arrangement (changeover) movements time significantly. In this study, a rope processing association is used as a study case. The potential of faster setup maybe completely realized with SMED method. Furthermore, an revamped scheduling citation indicator is presented  for the cut carefully with sharp instrument machine that help resolution makers to determine the sequencing rule of organizing by each criterion through bureaucracy to improve the performance.

Author(s) Details:

Chuang-Chun Chiou,
Department of Industrial Engineering and Enterprise Information, Tunghai University, No. 1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Blvd., Xitun Dist., Taichung City-407, Taiwan.

Shih-Shun Wang,
Department of Industrial Engineering and Enterprise Information, Tunghai University, No. 1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Blvd., Xitun Dist., Taichung City-407, Taiwan.

Huynh Trung Luong,
Industrial Systems Engineering, Asian Institute of Technology. P.O. Box 4, 58 Moo 9, Km. 42, Paholyothin Highway, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RPST-V8/article/view/10060

The Capital-labor-time Triad as a Key Factor of Economic Knowledge | Chapter 3 | Recent Progress in Science and Technology Vol. 8

 In the works of economists, individual still encounters the perception of capital as concrete or intangible property. The understanding of capital stems from the principle of duality, which is the support of accounting hypothesis and the measurement of regular income of economic wholes. From this principle therefore capital is an abstract category. In strength-material processes, capital represents the abstract strength to do work.  Thus, arithmetic providing abstract tools and thermodynamics worthy describing the revolution of energy and work are used to define capital. Consideration of the principles of thermodynamics should when measuring annual profits, asset devaluation and equivalent wages. The regular application of the second law of thermodynamics leads to the conclusion that the natural loyal revealed in the belief of human capital measurement still determines the rate of authorization of time so the trio of capital-labor-time is the groundwork of economic information. Theoretical analyses and verdicts are confirmed by practical studies.

Author(s) Details:

Mieczyslaw Dobija,
Cracow University of Economics, Cracow, Poland.

Jurij Renkas,
Cracow University of Economics, Cracow, Poland.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RPST-V8/article/view/10059

Evaluating Water Quality of Abu Zarag Marsh Using GIS Technique during the Flood Season | Chapter 2 | Recent Progress in Science and Technology Vol. 8

 This study focuses on the Iraqi marshes, expressly the Abu Zarag marsh situated in the southern city of Al-Nasiriyah, that is deliberate the most important heritage in Iraq. The research is detached into two main parts. The first part involves the judgment of water characteristic parameters in Abu Zarag swamp during the inundation season from December 2018 to April 2019. The parameters contain Temperature, pH, Electrical Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids, Alkalinity, Total Hardness, Turbidity, Dissolved Oxygen, Sulfate, and Nitrate. The second part involves equating the water condition parameters of the current period accompanying those of the previous age from 2014 to 2019. The research verdicts are presented utilizing an Arc GIS map. Additionally, the study involves modeling and imitation of flooding all along the study ending using the Arc GIS-Arc Scene program. The results of the research show that the Iraqi marshes, specifically the Abu Zarag marsh, have existed replenished, superior to the recovery of the nature in pertaining to the south Iraq.

Author(s) Details:

Ahmed Zamel Hassan,
Department Civil Engineering, University of Baghdad, Iraq.

Nawar O. A. Al-Musawi,
Department Civil Engineering, University of Baghdad, Iraq.


Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RPST-V8/article/view/10058

Diverse human exercises, as industrial, agricultural, marketing, and touristic ones have the direct aim to support increasing humanity kind of life. Anyway, it has been observed that beside definite direct and desired effects of these exercises, simultaneously they can have also negative, unwelcome, and sometimes unusual effects on environment and institution. For assuring the sustainable happening of human society is so necessary to assess business-related activities not only from economic and concerning details points of view but also from material and social ones. In this framework appropriate indicators for economic, incidental, and social aspects must perform and used. To complete activity environmental impact assessments material indicators on local and regional level search out be used. General ideas regarding environmental signs will be presented, their usage potential as well as use examples from practical positions. Possibilities to define in a modular habit environmental signs will be debated and emphasised. A fuzzy rationale-based aggregation arrangement will be presented for a actual situation of assessing air dirtiness on regional level, and by this the advantages of utilizing soft estimating methods will be pointed out. Obtained results will be discussed, and conclusions regarding the habit potential of presented methods will be drawn.

 Diverse human exercises, as industrial, agricultural, marketing, and touristic ones have the direct aim to support increasing humanity kind of life. Anyway, it has been observed that beside definite direct and desired effects of these exercises, simultaneously they can have also negative, unwelcome, and sometimes unusual effects on environment and institution. For assuring the sustainable happening of human society is so necessary to assess business-related activities not only from economic and concerning details points of view but also from material and social ones. In this framework appropriate indicators for economic, incidental, and social aspects must perform and used. To complete activity environmental impact assessments material indicators on local and regional level search out be used. General ideas regarding environmental signs will be presented, their usage potential as well as use examples from practical positions. Possibilities to define in a modular habit environmental signs will be debated and emphasised. A fuzzy rationale-based aggregation arrangement will be presented for a actual situation of assessing air dirtiness on regional level, and by this the advantages of utilizing soft estimating methods will be pointed out. Obtained results will be discussed, and conclusions regarding the habit potential of presented methods will be drawn.

Author(s) Details:

Ildiko Tulbure,
University “1 December 1918”, Alba Iulia, Romania, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania and Clausthal University of Technology, Germany.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RPST-V8/article/view/10057

Detection of Water Pipeline Leakage and Monitoring System Using Smart Sensor with IoT | Chapter 10 | Techniques and Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 9

 This paper presents a smart water passage monitoring scheme to control the water leakages happening in it. In day by day existence, usage of water is growing accompanying proportional to increase in spending of water. So, to overcome from this, a smart monitoring structure by way of Internet of Things (IoT) is designed and projected. In this system, to monitor the flow of water, the water flow sensor is secondhand in the passage and also to measure the adulteration of water a turbidity sensor has been secondhand. Flow sensor everything on the principle of a corridor effect. Nodemcu microcontroller, is one of ultimate low microcontrollers used for IoT purposes has existed used in this place system. Main purpose concerning this microcontroller secondhand is because of allure interrupt pins. The principles calculated by the water flow sensor and turbidity sensor are uploaded to the cloud attendant. For storing the dossier in the cloud, the ThingSpeak cloud attendant has been secondhand for this system, cause ThingSpeak cloud attendant is open and free to use. With the values calculated by the water flow sensor the dossier is presented in the ThingSpeak cloud webserver. The system has a water flow sensor, a microcontroller to interpret the dossier for evaluating the discharge content and to store the dossier in the cloud. So, monitoring of the water flow in the passage will be done very surely.

Author(s) Details:

D. Mahesh Kumar,
PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore–641014, India.

T. Jagadeep,
Applied Electronics, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore–641014, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TAIER-V9/article/view/9992