Background: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the second leading cause of death in women in Iraq, accounting for 23% of all cancer-related deaths. The disease's low survival rate is a direct result of the disease's advanced stages at diagnosis. The goal of this study is to document the composite stage of breast cancer in Iraqi patients at the time of diagnosis, as well as to correlate the observed findings with other clinical and pathological parameters at presentation. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective study that included the clinical and pathological characteristics of 448 Iraqi female breast cancer patients. The UICC TNM Classification System of Breast Cancer and the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging were used to determine the composite stage of breast cancer. The parameters studied included the patient's age, disease stage, marital and educational status, history of lactation and hormonal intake (for a minimum of 6 months), family history of breast or other cancer, the affected breast side, and the effected breast side. The primary cancer's hormone (estrogen and progesterone) receptor (ER, PR) and Her2 content. Using the SPSS version 16.0 statistical program, a statistical analysis was performed to correlate the recorded composite stages at diagnosis with the corresponding clinical and pathological data. Four (0.9 percent) of the 448 patients had ductal carcinoma in situ (Stage 0). Stages I, II, and III were represented by 7.6 percent, 46.9 percent, and 39.3 percent, respectively, while Stage IV was represented by only 5.4 percent. There was no correlation found between the stage of breast cancer and the patients' age or history of lactation. The marital and educational statuses were found to have a significant relationship. status, history of hormonal use, contralateral breast involvement, and a family history of cancer The ER+PR+Her2+ (Triple Positive/Luminal B), ER-PR-Her2- (Triple Negative), ER+PR+Her2- (Luminal A), and ER-PRHer2+ (Her2) subtypes were found in 13.4%, 11.8 %, 48.2 %, and 9.8 % of the cases, respectively. The correlation between the composite stage and the corresponding breast cancer subtypes, as determined by immunohistochemical staining, was highly significant at p 0.01.
Conclusions and Recommendations: Regression in Stage IV breast cancer at the time of presentation among Iraqi patients is one of the fruitful outcomes of launching the National Breast Cancer Early Detection Program. More professional efforts, supported by practical policy decisions, are recommended to reduce the stage of breast cancer by promoting evidence-based protocol guidelines and implementing comprehensive, well-designed diagnostic, screening, and cancer control strategies.Author (S) Details
Prof. Dr. Nada A. S. Alwan
National Cancer Research Center, Baghdad University, Iraq.
Furat N. Tawfeeq
National Cancer Research Center, Baghdad University, Iraq.
Mina H. Maallah
Public Health, City University London, UK.
Safana A. Sattar
National Cancer Research Center, Baghdad University, Iraq.
View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMS-V4/article/view/1690
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