Properties of Unitary Quasi-Equivalence on Isometry, Co-Isometry, and Partial Isometry Operators | Chapter 7 | Contemporary Perspective on Science, Technology and Research Vol. 9

The present study aims to determine the properties of unitary quasi-equivalence and isometry, co-isometry and partial isometry operators. Unitary quasi-equivalence has been shown to be an equivalence relation. Similarly, unitary quasi-equivalence has been proven to preserve normality, hyponormality and binormality of operators. However, the properties of unitary quasi-equivalence and partial isometric operators have not been established.  Based on the preceding results, it establishes that unitary quasi-equivalent operators preserve; isometry, co-isometry and partial isometric properties.

Author(s) Details:

Anyembe Lilian,
Department of Physical Sciences, Chuka University, P.O Box-109-60400, Chuka, Kenya.

Musundi Sammy Wabomba,
Department of Physical Sciences, Chuka University, P.O Box-109-60400, Chuka, Kenya.

Kinyanjui Jeremiah Ndung’u,
Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kirinyaga University, P.O Box-143-10300, Kerugoya, Kenya.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPSTR-V9/article/view/14172

Inductive Interaction of an HV or EHV Distribution Cable Line and Surrounding Metal Installations | Chapter 6 | Contemporary Perspective on Science, Technology and Research Vol. 9

The presented paper introduces a significant simplification into the application procedure of the methodology that enables the analysis of electric circuits spontaneously formed by HV and EHV distribution cable lines. The pulsating magnetic field created by currents in these lines induces voltages and currents in all surrounding metal installations typical of urban environments. Each of the induced currents creates its own magnetic field which acts in such a way that reduces all other induced currents including currents in the inducing cable line.  The problem arises because these installations are mainly situated under the surface of the ground, and because of that, their constructive characteristics and spatial positions are usually uncertain or completely unknown. Because of that, the problem of determining the effects of the inductive interaction of a certain cable line and these installations was for a long time considered practically unsolvable. Only recently was developed a methodology that enables its solving based on the specially defined test measurement and an equivalent cable sheath introduced in the developed analytical procedure. This paper shows that the methodology is applicable for determining any of the inductive interaction effects by using the results of only one test measurement, or based on the simultaneous measurements of voltages and currents at the ends of an HV or EHV cable line.

Author(s) Details:

Ljubivoje M. Popovic,
J. P. Elektrodistribucija-Beograd, Elektroprivreda Srbije, Masarikova 1-3, 11000 Beograd, Serbia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPSTR-V9/article/view/14171

Determination of Convolutional Neural Network for Removing Gaussian Noise from Digital Images | Chapter 5 | Contemporary Perspective on Science, Technology and Research Vol. 9

Noise removal is one of the chronic problems while dealing with the images. Such a noise level would be unacceptable in a photograph since it would be impossible even to determine the subject. Denoising plays a major role in retrieving back original signal from noisy observations. In this paper, we propose Futuristic Flask with Convolution Neural Network (FFCNN), a residual learning model in deep convolutional neural network which is trained with large dataset, showing up excellent results for removing Gaussian noise from digital Images. FFCNN is designed to offer presentation metrics for a user in addition to performance measurements for neural model training, using the "Flask" microweb framework to enable interactions. The architecture's feed-forward denoising neural network structure performs discriminative learning for picture denoising, specifically for Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) with a specified noise level and also for blind Gaussian noise. The proposed algorithm is optimized and speeded by layers of batch normalization with GPU computing. The resulting PSNR and SSIM obtained are excellent proving efficiency and effectiveness of the model for several general image denoising task.

Author(s) Details:

Eldho Paul,
Christ (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India.

Mugeshbabu Arulmani,
KAAR Technology, Chennai, India.

Harish Seshamoorthy,
Sona College of Technology, Salem, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPSTR-V9/article/view/14170

Implementation of the Residue Method in Steam Superheater Fault Detection | Chapter 4 | Contemporary Perspective on Science, Technology and Research Vol. 9

Steam superheaters are susceptible to various defects that can affect the system's operation differently. The maintenance of a constant temperature at the turbine input is critical to optimal running conditions of a steam turbine. This is achieved through regulation of the steam temperature in the superheater, which is partitioned into three sections with equipment installed at each connection point to enable the injection of condensates for steam cooling. Nonetheless, controlling the output temperature can be a challenge due to the transfer time delay between the points where water is sprayed and the points where the steam temperature is measured. To address this challenge, a temperature control system was developed and tested in three environments using an electronic simulator, the block-oriented simulation hardware BORIS, data acquisition board dSpace, and MATLAB R2020a Simulink with a PI controller model. These simulations enabled the study of the superheater's function in both standard and fault conditions, with the possibility of controlling the system structure and detecting faults through appropriately implementing weighting matrices.
 
The proposed method has a notable advantage of being able to detect and locate faults based on real-time information derived from measured process variables. It is easy to implement and provides multiple benefits, such as detecting errors in airflow control modules, highlighting steam temperature measurement problems, identifying accuracy issues in steam flow measurements, and displaying the controller output.
 
Overall, this innovative technique can enhance the safety and efficiency of steam superheaters in thermal power plants. Its straightforward implementation and numerous advantages make it a valuable addition to the existing fault detection and localization methods.
 
In conclusion, the ability to maintain steam temperature and pressure within optimal ranges is crucial for the efficient operation of steam turbines. Superheaters are employed to regulate steam temperature, and the injection of condensates allows for cooling of the steam. While controlling the steam pressure is relatively straightforward through adjusting the fuel flow command, regulating the output temperature can present challenges due to transfer time delays. Therefore, the development of a temperature control system that utilizes simulations to study the function of the superheater in standard and fault conditions can enable the identification of faults and control of the system structure, ensuring optimal turbine performance.

Author(s) Details:

Camelia Adela Maican,
Department of Automation and Electronics, Faculty of Automation, Computers and Electronics, University of Craiova, Romania.

Virginia Maria Radulescu,
Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania.

Cristina Floriana Pana,
Department of Mechatronics and Robotics, Faculty of Automation, Computers and Electronics, University of Craiova, Romania.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPSTR-V9/article/view/14169

Surveying Power Substation Designs: A Critical Analysis of Existing Literature | Chapter 3 | Contemporary Perspective on Science, Technology and Research Vol. 9

Power substations are essential installations of electrical power systems, responsible for directing the flow of energy, diversifying routes, modifying voltage to make it suitable for different applications. Present at the beginning and end of transmission and distribution lines, substations play a fundamental role in the reliable and efficient operation of the electrical system, allowing the transmission of electricity over long distances and its distribution to end consumers. The growing demand for electricity and consequently the expansion of the electrical system has contributed to the increase in these installations and consequently studies in the area. This work presents a literature review, based on the bibliometric analysis method, of the researches developed in the area of substation arrangement. The objective of the work is to present the state of the art related to the subject of electrical energy substation arrangement, indicating the most relevant publications on the topic. For this study, academic productions from undergraduate and graduate courses, journal articles and publications in conferences on the Scopus and Capes Periodicals platforms were considered due to their scope, organization of data and relevance. After analyzing the articles presented, it appears that, despite being of great importance for the electrical sector, the subject is not frequently discussed in the literature. Regarding the countries that have published the most in the last 5 years about the arrangement of substations, China stands out, which is in first place with 14 publications. Brazil occupies the sixth position in related productions on the subject.

Author(s) Details:

Paulo Roberto Duailibe Monteiro,
Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brazil.

Jullia Mercedes Miranda,
Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brazil.

Thiago Trezza Borges,
Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brazil.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPSTR-V9/article/view/14168

Advancing Mobility Solutions through Hybrid Stair-Ramp Integration | Chapter 2 | Contemporary Perspective on Science, Technology and Research Vol. 9

This study addresses the pressing need for improved accessibility by focusing on the design and analysis of a portable staircase conversion system tailored for individuals with disabilities or mobility impairments. By integrating features of both stairs and ramps, the proposed system offers a versatile solution that seamlessly adapts to users' requirements. Advanced 3D design and analysis software play a pivotal role in meticulously crafting and evaluating every component, including steps, base, support structures, and frames, to ensure optimal performance. Through thorough assessment, the study confirms the structural integrity and functionality of the ramp-cum-stair system, validating its feasibility as an effective accessibility solution. The system's ability to facilitate smooth transitions between stair and ramp modes enhances convenience for users with diverse mobility needs. Moreover, the study underscores the potential of this innovative solution to significantly improve accessibility across various settings, from public spaces to private residences. By showcasing the effectiveness of the newly designed system, the study emphasizes its transformative impact on promoting inclusivity and independence for individuals with disabilities. This research serves as a valuable contribution to the field of accessibility technology, paving the way for future advancements in enhancing mobility and quality of life for people with disabilities.

Author(s) Details:

P. Umar Ahamed,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mohamed Sathak Engineering College, Kilakarai, Tamil Nadu, India.

N. Rajiv Kumar,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, KGiSL Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.

N. Thirumalaisamy,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Christian Polytechnic College, Dindigul District, Tamil Nadu, India.

K. Manickaraj,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, CMS College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPSTR-V9/article/view/14167

Effects of Plasma Current on the Microstructure of Solution Precursor Plasma Spray YSZ Coatings | Chapter 1 | Contemporary Perspective on Science, Technology and Research Vol. 9

The investigations have been carried out for the effects of processing parameter (plasma current) in the SPPS and to understand their implications and improving of this process. Thermal spraying is an advanced materials processing technique which has found wide acceptance in many high technology industries. High temperature, high velocity flame is produced to heat, melt and spray material introduced into the flame. The Solution Precursor Plasma Spray (SPPS) process has been used for obtaining Zirconia coatings asThermal Barrier Coatings (TBCs). The solution precursor Plasma Spray (SPPS) was carried out using a robotic plasma spray system equipped with a liquid spray unit. The gun was connected to a 6 axis ABB robot for precession maneuvering. In this study an in house developed Zirconyle nitratesolution precursor plasma spray setup has been used. In this process the coating is built up by horizontal and vertical passes of the plasma torch across the substrate. The microstructural characterizations of coatings were carried out by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Significant effect of plasma current has been observed on the zirconia coatings.

Author(s) Details:

R. Sudarshan,
Geethanjali College of Engineering and Technology, Cheeryal(V), Keesara (M), RR Dist, Telangana, India.

Sriram Venkatesh,
University College of Engineering, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India.

K. Balasubramanian,
NonFerrous Materials Technology Development Centre, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad, India.

P. Karuna purnapu Rupa,
NonFerrous Materials Technology Development Centre, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPSTR-V9/article/view/14166

Intricacies of Animal Behaviour: From Evolutionary Foundations to Practical Application | Book Publisher International

"Intricacies of Animal Behavior: From Evolutionary Foundations to Practical Application" delves into the fascinating world of animal behavior, exploring its evolutionary origins, ecological significance, and practical implications across various disciplines. Beginning with an overview of the evolutionary foundations of animal behavior, the book examines key concepts such as natural selection, genetic predispositions, and adaptive behaviors. It then delves into the diversity of animal behaviors across different taxa, from insects to mammals, highlighting the role of social interactions, communication, and cognition. Drawing on insights from ethology, ecology, and evolutionary biology, the book explores how animal behavior shapes ecological dynamics, species interactions, and ecosystem functioning. Furthermore, it discusses the practical applications of understanding animal behavior in fields such as conservation biology, animal welfare, and human-animal interactions. Through a multidisciplinary approach, this book provides a comprehensive understanding of the intricacies of animal behavior and its broader implications for science, society, and conservation efforts".

Author(s) Details:

Nayan K. Prasad,
Department of Zoology, RRM Campus, Tribhuvan University, Nepal.

Kumari Shachi,
Department of Zoology, K.S. College, Laheriasarai, L.N. Mithila University, Darbhanga, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/IABFEFPA/article/view/14211

Basic Concepts of Engineering Chemistry | Book Publisher International

A thorough textbook called "Basic Concepts of Engineering Chemistry" aims to give readers a fundamental grasp of the ideas that guide the study of engineering chemistry.

This book, written by subject-matter specialists, provides a methodical and approachable introduction to the fundamental ideas that are crucial for aspiring scientists and engineers. Building upon this foundation, the work investigates the applications of chemistry in engineering fields such as materials science, chemical engineering, and environmental engineering. The importance of chemistry in resolving practical engineering issues is highlighted, which makes the material applicable and useful. The writers use concise explanations, interesting examples, and useful applications throughout the book to improve understanding and make it easier to apply chemical principles to engineering issues.

"Basic Concepts of Engineering Chemistry" is a vital tool for professionals, instructors, and students looking for a strong foundation in the fundamentals of engineering chemistry. It focuses on closing the gap between theory and practice. The book covers the following themes like:

 

·         Electrochemistry and batteries

·         Corrosion and its control

·         Water technology

·         Materials chemistry

·         Fuels and combustion

This book equips readers with the knowledge and skills needed to succeed in the multidisciplinary field of engineering, whether it is utilized as a textbook or reference guide. We are indeed very happy to present this book for all B.E & B.Tech Engineering candidates and also for UG & PG chemistry students.

Author(s) Details:

Surendiran Mohan,
Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Science, Vinayaka Mission's Chennai Campus, Vinayaka Mission’s Research Foundation, Chennai - 603 104, Tamil Nadu, India.

Shinyjoy Elangomannan,
Department of Chemistry, Vinayaka Mission’s Kirupananda Variyar Arts and Science College, Salem, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/BCEC/article/view/14179

The Paradigm of Complex Probability, Numerical Analysis, and Chaos Theory | Book Publisher International

The set of imaginary numbers is taken into account by extending the probability system of five axioms of Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov which was put forward in 1933. This is achieved by adding three new and supplementary axioms. Hence, any random experiment can thus be performed in the extended complex probability set C = R + M which is the sum of the real set R of real probabilities and the imaginary set M of imaginary probabilities. The objective here is to determine the complex probabilities by encompassing and considering additional new imaginary dimensions to the event that occurs in the “real” laboratory. The outcome of the stochastic phenomenon in C can be foretold perfectly whatever the probability distribution of the input random variable in R is since the corresponding probability in the whole set C is permanently and constantly equal to one. Thus, the consequence that follows indicates that randomness and chance in R is substituted now by absolute determinism in C. This is the result of the fact that the probability in C is computed after the subtraction of the chaotic factor from the degree of our knowledge of the nondeterministic experiment. This novel complex probability paradigm will be applied to numerical analysis and to chaos theory to prove henceforth that chaos vanishes totally and completely in the probability universe C = R + M.

Author(s) Details:

Abdo Abou Jaoudé,
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, Lebanon.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TPCPNACT/article/view/14275

Smile Curve and Its Linkages with Global Value Chains: A Sectoral Level Analysis | Chapter 8 | Contemporary Research in Business, Management and Economics Vol. 5

The goal of this paper is to shed light on how important the smile curve notion is at the sectoral level. In particular, we focus on how value added has shifted along the value chain when it comes to Asian exports. The idea and reasoning behind the "smile curve" in relation to global value chains have gained traction recently and have been examined at the level of individual firms. However, they are rarely recognized and examined at the sectoral level utilizing actual data for cross-national analysis. Using TIVA database for 2001 and 2011 time period, several conceptual value chain are investigated including exports of Base Metals, Computer Electronics, Electrical Machinery and Transportation equipment’s in Asian Economies. This paper focuses an idea to measure both the strength and linkages between producers and consumers of global value chain. The identified smile curve provides a very intuitive understanding of the roles played by different countries in various sectors and helps in identifying the benefits gained by them through their participation in global trade. ASEAN’s economic dynamism is expected to benefit from RCEP that will provide a platform for broader economic integration and help address concerns about the ‘noodle bowl’ effect of overlapping bilateral and regional agreements. RCEP will deliver tangible benefits through potential improvements in market access, more coherent trade facilitation, regulatory rules, reforming barriers and cooperation. The flying-geese (FG) theory of growth is in line with the dynamics of structural upgrading and interaction growth through trade and investment within a hierarchy of nations. The function of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership in enhancing economic integration is also emphasized in the report.

Author(s) Details:

Sakshi Aggarwal,
Indian Institute of Foreign Trade, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CRBME-V5/article/view/14187

Communicating Visually - A Novel Model of Corporate Visual Identity Management: The Case Study of the European Fashion Retail Marketplace | Chapter 7 | Contemporary Research in Business, Management and Economics Vol. 5

Visual images are the very first impressions that businesses make on stakeholders, and they are the non-linguistic and emotionally powerful communication media that engrave marks in consumers’ minds, being considered superior over verbals [1] therefore, they can be perceived as core components of a brand signature. Visual identity is the smart face of an organisation that manifests its vision, emotions, style, and offerings; it is the feel, the look, the touch and the alluring story behind a brand that forms connections with consumers; it is the whispering voice that guides clients through their purchasing journey. Therefore, it is imperative that companies invest significant attention while planning the design of their corporate visual identities (CVI). The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the importance of effective CVI design for the competitiveness of online retailers. It provides branding professionals with optimal know-how on the value of visual identity and its impact on competitive positioning. The paper presents a visual case study that comprises a visual brand audit and a brand health checkup. The review of prior research studies on visual identity developed within the last 15 years sets the literature grounds. The visual case study of European retailers is undertaken to explore the practical dimension of CVI. The findings present the value of CVI from the perspective of its contribution to competitiveness. The study aims to encourage other organisations to pay closer attention to their CVI strategies for future gains.

Author(s) Details:

Ania A Drzewiecka,
School of Textiles and Design, Heriot-Watt University, Scotland, United Kingdom.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CRBME-V5/article/view/14186

Trend in Economic Performance and the Financial Flow into the Economic Sectors in Ethiopia during 2011-2020 | Chapter 6 | Contemporary Research in Business, Management and Economics Vol. 5

This chapter attempted to analyse the trend in economic performance and the financial flow into the economic sectors in the country. Over the past ten years, the Ethiopian government has prioritized economic development and the reduction of poverty. The nation is among the poorest in sub-Saharan Africa, yet throughout the same decade, the government has released conflicting reports about its rapidly expanding economy—double digit and incremental growth, respectively. Developing countries are mainly marked by agricultural economies, where food self-sufficiency is always an issue. Poverty is a common phenomenon in these countries and economic dependency on developed countries is inevitable to escape poverty. On the one hand, government reports have indicated that the country is economically one of the fastest growing in Africa, a position that has been seconded by international financial institutions and other bilateral donors. On the other hand, the country remains on the list of poorest countries in the world. A qualitative approach was applied in analysing the reported data on economic performance in the country from 2011-2020. The GDP measure in Ethiopia during the past decade decreased from 11.39 in 2011 to 6.06 in 2020. The trend in specific economic sectors was decreasing with little progress in specific poverty indexes in the economic sector. There were marked inequalities between urban and rural areas in the country. The performance in water supply, electricity power provision and road networking in the country showed sluggish progress. The projected shift from an economy driven by agriculture to one driven by industry and services did not materialize. The nation kept depending on foreign aid to help reduce poverty, and throughout the last ten years, there has been a shifting trend in the amount of aid received. The study's findings suggest that accurate reports on the nation's economic success that use particular poverty indexes should be published. In order to attain goals for economic development and poverty reduction, it is also imperative that attention be paid to internal capabilities rather than depending too much on outside assistance.

Author(s) Details:

Tagese Helore Lamore,
Development Studies, University of Gondar, Ethiopia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CRBME-V5/article/view/14185

Critical Appraisal of the National Health Protection Scheme and Way Forward: A Novel Approach about Healthcare in India | Chapter 5 | Contemporary Research in Business, Management and Economics Vol. 5

This study aims to bring out the in-depth finer points of the debate related to public versus private provision of the healthcare in a developing country set up. The paper also aims to provide suggestions for incorporating them in the new health insurance scheme of India, the Ayushman Bharat Health Insurance Scheme. In most emerging economies, the key healthcare issues are its access and delivery. Further, there is double burden of care arising out of communicable and growing chronic diseases. The prevailing healthcare systems in these economies are one of complete dominance of the private healthcare providers. These provisions, however, have been found to be inequitable and inefficient. The majority of government health insurance programmes in India, despite their grandeur, have had little effect. It has been shown that the results are significantly better in areas with sufficient public healthcare resources. This conundrum has been attempted to be addressed in the policy wordings of Ayushman Bharat Health Insurance's new healthcare system in India. In order to make the public health insurance schemes effective, the healthcare industry needs total restructuring based on re-strengthening of the public healthcare system.
 
The focus of health schemes should revolve around the provisions of cheap and quality public health infrastructure in rural areas and more pro-vision for outpatient and primary care than the secondary and tertiary care.

Author(s) Details:

Anil Kumar,
Department of Economics, BITS, Pilani – K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Zuarinagar 403 726, Goa, India.

Aswini Kumar Mishra,
Department of Economics, BITS, Pilani – K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Zuarinagar 403 726, Goa, India.

Debasis Patnaik,
Department of Economics, BITS, Pilani – K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Zuarinagar 403 726, Goa, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CRBME-V5/article/view/14184

An Overview on Silicon Valley Bank Failure in Europe: Causes and Effects | Chapter 4 | Contemporary Research in Business, Management and Economics Vol. 5

This chapter examines how Europe reacted to the collapse of Silicon Valley Bank (SVB). The SVB was specialized in banking for technological startups, and it provided financing for almost half of US venture-backed technology. On the 10th of March, SVB collapsed, the second-largest failure since the financial crisis of 2008. The banking failures can significantly impact the financial system and the financial markets, affecting depositors and investors’ confidence. In this chapter, the Silicon Valley Bank failure is analyzed as a case study. We describe the main causes that contributed to the collapse of SVB, examining the consequences in Europe in terms of effects on financial systems, markets, and startup ecosystem, as well as in terms of reactions from supervisory authorities. The results show that the lack of a risk culture and a limited specific knowledge of the dynamics of the sector generated disastrous consequences, leading to the collapse of SVB. This chapter contributes to the literature highlighting how political events can have significant impacts on the way financial institutions are regulated and supervised. The study represents a starting point for investigating the consequences of the SVB bankruptcy, increasing the reflections on effects of the failure in Europe with other factors that can affect financial systems and market to formulate any new hypotheses for further future studies.

Author(s) Details:

Domenica Federico,
Faculty of Economics, eCampus University, Novedrate (CO), Italy.

Francesco Napoli,
Faculty of Economics, eCampus University, Novedrate (CO), Italy.

Antonella Notte,
Faculty of Economics, eCampus University, Novedrate (CO), Italy.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CRBME-V5/article/view/14183

Private Banking in Italy: Challenges and Opportunities in Business Models | Chapter 3 | Contemporary Research in Business, Management and Economics Vol. 5

This chapter investigates the private banking development in Italy to highlight the challenges and opportunities in business models. Private banking indicates the provision of banking and financial services to customers with significant assets and characterized by financial needs or other needs not easily standardized. For some time now, also in Italy private banking services have been influenced by new market dynamics, new technologies and rapidly changing competition. We investigate private banking services and the evolution of the private banking market in Italy, with particular attention to the optimal effort by private banking to provide a service, that is not only highly personalized, but also increasingly automated. The results show the main private banking operators and the type of customers served. Through the study of a concrete case, the chapter highlights how the group’s optimal effort in training its private bankers and understanding customers in every aspect, from the simplest to the most complex, has made it possible to guarantee the best consultancy in creating value in the financial, social security and insurance fields, always with the utmost transparency and confidentiality for the protection of the client’s assets. This chapter contributes to the literature investigating private banking from an organizational perspective and providing new points of view for the consolidation of private banking activity in Italy.

Author(s) Details:

Domenica Federico,
Faculty of Economics, eCampus University, Novedrate (CO), Italy.

Francesco Napoli,
Faculty of Economics, eCampus University, Novedrate (CO), Italy.

Antonella Notte,
Faculty of Economics, eCampus University, Novedrate (CO), Italy.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CRBME-V5/article/view/14182

Development of a New Operations Strategy Model to Create ‘Integrated Organisations’ | Chapter 2 | Contemporary Research in Business, Management and Economics Vol. 5

Continuous manufacturing industry (CMI) was where the industrial revolution picked up steam, and mass produced its way to industrial glory. Beginning with Henry Ford’s Model T, things have come a long way. Especially, in making the CMI more and more competitive, by using technology, management and human resources confluence. As organisations became larger in size, with wider and deeper product mixes, CMI faced many challenges, in keeping productivity high, and costs low, with consistent, high quality. Competitive markets demanded nothing less.
 
In the 1950’s Total Quality Management was introduced into organisations, to increase productivity manifold. Following this method, many CMI companies improved their market positioning, and became leaders in their chosen fields. Companies like Toyota, Ford Motors, General Electric, Nippon Steel, come to mind. Following the TQM’s highly successful performance for over 40 years, MBNQA, the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award, USA, was introduced in 1987 in US companies to create overall excellence in all parts of an organisation, leading to ‘integrated companies’ as the ultimate goal for sustained performance, by using the MBMPE (Malcolm Baldrige Model for Performance Excellence). The ‘Balanced Score Cards’ (BSC) methodology, as an instrument of designing, cascading and communicating strategy, was introduced in 1992. Operations excellence is an outcome of a well-designed, monitored and skilfully implemented operations strategy (OS). This chapter traces the evolution of a ‘OS Wheel’ model of operations strategy, for CMI, deployed using the MBMPE, using BSC’s, to achieve performance excellence and sustained competitive advantage. The model was applied in a large scale, CMI company in India, over a period of fifteen years (a longitudinal study), the description of which will demonstrate its utility.

Author(s) Details:

R. Jayaraman,
Capstone Projects, PGEMP, SPJIMR, Mumbai, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CRBME-V5/article/view/14181

Study on the Influence of Commercial Inducements towards Monetary Growth of Listed Companies at the Colombo Stock Exchange | Chapter 1 | Contemporary Research in Business, Management and Economics Vol. 5

In the context of improving financial performance of companies throughout the world, commercial incentives provided to finance managers with respect to enhanced employee performance are of paramount importance. Commercial incentives is able to align employee goals with organizational objectives, inspire employees, encourage development, and offer constructive feedback. However, this paper is based on the findings of the publicly listed companies at the Colombo stock exchange. This paper aims to ascertain the adequacy and the level of commercial inducements of finance managers required to enhance the monetary growth of publicly listed companies in Sri Lanka. For the purpose of investigation, a quantitative study with the use of the deductive method, using a stratified random sampling technique consisting of a sample of 200 Public Listed Companies out of a population of 306 was used. Both primary data sourced through questionnaires from the representative sample of the population and secondary data available in the annual reports of listed firms within the last 5 years were used to conduct multiple correlation and regression analyses. In the analysis of multiple correlations between corporate inducements and financial performance, salary, share options, allowances, fringe benefits, bonuses and overtime were considered to ascertain the relationship with ROA, ROE, ROCE, GPM and NPM.
 
The obtained results were relatively according to the literature developed in the study as expounded by Fredrick Herzberg under Two Factor Theory and also by Alderfer under ERG theory. The results indicated corporate incentives have a strong effect on financial performance and a strong relationship between corporate incentives and with financial performance of listed firms. Corporate incentives in the context of factors of motivation were more effective than hygiene factors as explained by Herzberg and also by Alderfer which the theoretical framework was based upon in this study.
 
This study recommended that publicly listed companies in the Colombo Stock Exchange should focus on intrinsic corporate incentives (factors of motivation) as emphasized by Herzberg than extrinsic corporate incentives (hygiene factors). This study implied that Human Resource practitioners, theorists, researchers and remuneration policymakers to consider the requisite level of corporate incentives to formulate remuneration policies and procedures to mitigate, avoid and prevent discrepancies in incentive anomalies to motivate finance managers to gain successful financial growth.

Author(s) Details:

De Livera, M. S. S.,
Faculty of Management Studies and Commerce, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CRBME-V5/article/view/14180

Novel Mechanosynthesis for the 4-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one Molecules Via the Pechmann Condensation | Chapter 10 | Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 2

“Organic mechanosynthesis” involves chemical, organic transformations by applying mechanical energy to form consciously desired products. In this book chapter, such products are 4-methyl-2H-chromen-2-ones (4-methylcoumarin molecules), including 7-amino-4-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one (7-amino-4-methylcoumarin, coumarin 120), an important molecule and building block in biophysical research as a common fluorescent probe. The Pechmann condensation is one of the most straightforward methods for preparing substituted 4-methyl-2H-chromen-2-ones using a wide spectrum of reaction parameters, which generally suffer from harsh reaction conditions, e.g., stoichiometric amounts of strong acids or bases, no reusability of catalyst, production of large acidic wastes, elevated temperature, and prolonged reaction time. Considering the significance of green and sustainable protocols for obtaining such chromenone molecules, the mechanochemical Pechmann procedures allow for avoiding the use of such harsh reaction conditions This book chapter describes a simple and efficient method for the preparation of 4-methyl-2H-chromen-2-ones series through the acid-catalyzed Pechmann condensation under a rapid and environment-friendly protocol using a high-speed ball mill mixer at room temperature with short reaction times under solvent-free conditions. Substituted 4-methylcoumarins derived from phenols (or naphthols) and ethyl acetoacetate in the presence of 3 mol% InCl3 were obtained in good yields (52-95%).

Author(s) Details:

Vladimir V. Kouznetsov,
Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Biomolecular, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDCBR-V2/article/view/14256

Biological Bioactivities, Physicochemical Properties, Atomic Absorption and Antibacterial Activity of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Aromatic Plant in Al- Baha Area | Chapter 9 | Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 2

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is aromatic plant a widely used in traditional and folk medicine, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) used to identify the bioactive phytochemical constituents, 42 compounds identified in this study, 16 are the major compounds. In this study also were evaluating the physicochemical properties of Rosemary such as peroxide value (2.35 meq O2/kg, acid value as oleic acid (1.122 mg KOH/g), iodine value 85 mg / 100 mg, saponification value of 220 mg KOH / g of Fat, pH (5.7), refractive index (1.39 and at 28°C), viscosity (CST) (68.33), specific gravity, 1.489 and density (0.92 g/cm3). Atomic absorption was used to identify minerals content in rosemary, contains Copper 11.4 ppm, Ferric 250 ppm, Zinc 12.85 ppm.The effect of Rosemary oil in four different pathogenic bacteria Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhimurium, were examined using Mueller Hinton Agar and measuring inhibition zone (diameter mm), were found that, there were a significant different of Rosemary oil against bacteria.

Author(s) Details:

Rasha Khalid Abbas,
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts in Mukhwa, Al-Baha University, 65931, Saudi Arabia and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Applied and Industrial Science Bahri University, Sudan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDCBR-V2/article/view/14255

A Comprehensive Analysis of the Medicinal Use of Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from the Genus Ehretia | Chapter 8 | Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 2

The roughly 150 species of plants that make up the genus Ehretia are primarily found in tropical regions of North America, Africa, Australia, and Asia. They have long been used as traditional and folk remedies in China, India, and Japan to cure a wide range of illnesses. Pharmacological investigations verified that the genus's crude extracts or specific components had anti-snake venom properties in addition to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-arthritic, anti- tubercular, and anti-allergic properties. Based on the available literature up to February 2024, summery of secondary metabolites that have been identified from several species of Ehretia in this literature. Chapter concentrated on the known biological activities of the Ehretia plants and covered them in detail here, in addition to their traditional therapeutic usage.

Author(s) Details:

Amanpreet Kaur,
Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad-244102, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Abha Shukla,
Department of Chemistry, Kanya Gurukula Campus, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar-249404, Uttarakhand, India.

Sarika Arora,
Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad-244102, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Trapti Pandey,
Department of Home Sciences, School of Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad-244102, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Priyanka Pokhriyal,
Department of Chemistry, Kanya Gurukula Campus, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar-249404, Uttarakhand, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDCBR-V2/article/view/14254

Stafne’s Bone Cavity in a Sample of the Lebanese Population: A Retrospective Study on 3500 Digital Panoramic Radiographs | Chapter 9 | New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 5

Introduction: Stafne's bone cavity (SBC) is a benign condition characterized by a cystic concavity in the jawbone, most commonly the mandible. It is typically discovered incidentally during dental radiography and appears as a well-defined radiolucency caused by displaced submandibular salivary gland tissue.
 
Purpose: We aimed to investigate the frequency of SBC in the Lebanese population and describe the clinical and radiological characteristics of detected cases. Our findings provide valuable insights into the prevalence and nature of SBC in this population, contributing to the existing body of knowledge on this condition and informing clinical practice.
 
Materials and Methods: This study, conducted at the Lebanese University – Faculty of Dental Medicine, analyzed 3500 digital panoramic radiographs obtained over three years to evaluate the presence of SBCs and any differences in age and gender among patients.
 
Results: A total of 11 cases fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of SBC (0.31%), out of 3500 digital panoramic radiographs screened. Seven cases were reported in men (63.6%), at a mean age of 61.5 years, and four cases in women (36.4%), at a mean age of 57 years. The involvement of SBC on the left and right sides of the mandible was given at a ratio of 8:3. All 11 cases of SBC were found in the body of the mandible (100%). The oval form was predominant, accounting for 81.8% of the cases, while the round form was observed in 18.2% of the cases.
 
Conclusion: Our results indicate that SBC is a rare anomaly in the Lebanese population. Further research may provide additional insights into the prevalence and characteristics of this condition, as well as its potential risk factors and underlying mechanisms. These findings may have important implications for the diagnosis and management of SBC in clinical practice.

Author(s) Details:

Georges Aoun,
Department of Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.

Nadia Skandri,
Department of Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.

Sayde Sokhn,
Department of Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.

Carlo Maksoud,
Department of Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NVMMS-V5/article/view/14165

An Overview of Strategies for Medical Education Research | Chapter 8 | New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 5

This book chapter provides an overview of strategies for medical education research. It emphasize the importance of research in medical education and the need for rigorous and systematic methods to evaluate educational interventions and programs. The book chapter describes various methods commonly used in medical education research, including qualitative approaches and mixed methods. The chapter also covers formulations of research question and limitations of research in medical education. Throughout the book chapter, examples of medical education research studies are used to illustrate these concepts and to highlight best practices in the field. The article concludes with a discussion of the challenges and opportunities facing medical education research and offers recommendations for future research directions.

Author(s) Details:

Rohit Kiran Phadnis,
Department of General Surgery, Apollo Institute of Medical Science and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Anupam Shukla,
Department of General Surgery, HBT Medical College & Dr. R.N Cooper General Municipal Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Harshali Bharat Rankhambe,
Department of Physiology, Gian Sagar Medical College, Rajpura, Punjab, India.

Jyothi Vybhavi V. S.,
Department of Physiology, Sri Chamundeswari Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Channapatna, Karnataka, India.

Meghna Poonia,
Department of Physiology, Jaipur National University Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.

Thangjam Rubee Chanu,
Department of Microbiology, Shija Academy of Health Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India.

Jitendra Patel,
Department of Physiology, GMERS Medical College, Vadnagar, Gujarat, India.

Rajesh Gouri,
Department of General Surgery, Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhuj, Gujarat, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NVMMS-V5/article/view/14164

Specificity of Hypertension Risk Factors in the Elderly | Chapter 7 | New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 5

Introduction: Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is a significant public health issue that affects at least 20% of adults in many countries. It can be classified into essential (primary or idiopathic) and secondary hypertension, with essential hypertension representing 95% of all cases.
 
Aims: To identify the factors associated with hypertension in a tertiary care centre in Northern India
 
Study Design: A cross-sectional study.
 
Study Sites and Duration of Study: Medicine Department, AIIMS Rishikesh; between January 2021 and December 2022.
 
Methodology: The study recruited 317 hypertensive and non-hypertension patients who reside and receive healthcare services from the tertiary Care Centre in Northern India and reported for treatment. Data was collected from respondents using a questionnaire and analyzed with STATA software Version 15.
 
Results and Findings: The study revealed that majority of the participants (68.8%) had hypertension. The study identified that respondents who are married were approximately 3 times more likely to have hypertension compared to those who are single (AOR= 3.1; 95% CI=1.28-5.82, p=0.001). Adjusting for all other factors, respondents who were employed were 4.2 times more likely to have hypertension compared to those who are unemployed (AOR= 4.2; 95% CI=1.36-8.62, p=0.002). History of smoking, history of alcohol consumption, physical inactivity among participants was discovered to be significantly associated with hypertension.
 
Conclusion: Hypertension is a serious health concern among some of the aged people in Ghana. Hence it is recommended that interventions to tackle this condition could focus on behavioral or lifestyle modifications.

Author(s) Details:

Rohit Raina,
Department of General Medicine, AIIMS Bathinda, Punjab, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NVMMS-V5/article/view/14163

Determination of Visual Outcomes of Cataract Surgery among patients admitted to Eye Foundation Community Hospital in Nigeria | Chapter 6 | New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 5

Aims: To determine the visual outcome of cataract surgeries postoperatively at first day, one and three months.
 
Background: Postoperative visual outcome is one of the key factors that develops satisfied patients, build confidence and for increasing the demand for cataract surgeries in the community.
 
Study Design: This was a retrospective, case series study at Eye Foundation Community Hospital, Ilese-Ijebu-Imushin, Ogun state of Nigeria for a 3-month duration from June 1st 2019 to August 31st 2019.
 
Methodology: All patients 18 years and above operated for cataract surgery without comorbidity were included in the study. Type of surgery done were manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) and phacoemulsification. Patient data were entered into excel spread sheet created for the study. From where it was cleaned up and exported in to statistical package for social sciences 20. Visual outcome was assessed on the first day, first month and at third month post operatively. Snellen visual acuity was converted to log MAR. P value = 0.05 is determined as statistically significant. Visual outcome was assessed on the first day, first month and at third month post operatively. Snellen visual acuity was converted to log MAR. P value = 0.05 is determined as statistically significant.
 
Results: Two hundred and fifty (250) patients or eyes were analysed in this study. Two hundred and twenty patients (88%) had MSICS, 30 (12%) had phacoemulsification. Preoperatively, majority (150, 60%) presented with visual acuity less than 3/60 followed by patients with visual acuity between 6/18 to 6/60 (76, 30.4%). Nineteen patients (7.6%) had visual acuity of 6/18 or better. Mean preoperative log MAR was 1.6 ± 0.8 (equivalent to count finger). 3-month post op, two hundred and fourteen (85.6%) had uncorrected visual acuity of 6/18 or better while 231 patients (92.4%) had best corrected (with pinhole) visual acuity of 6/18 or better. (P=0.004 and 0.038 respectively).
 
Conclusion: There is an appreciable improvement in the visual outcome following cataract surgery. It is however important to continuously audit cataract surgical outcome and train young ophthalmologist to be competent in performing excellent cataract surgeries with brilliant visualoutcomes according to WHO recommendation.

Author(s) Details:

Bogunjoko T. J.,
Eye Foundation Community Hospital, Ijebu-Imusin, Ogun State, Nigeria.

Hassan A. O.,
Eye Foundation Community Hospital, Ijebu-Imusin, Ogun State, Nigeria.

Akinye A.,
Eye Foundation Community Hospital, Ijebu-Imusin, Ogun State, Nigeria.

Maji C. S.,
Eye Foundation Community Hospital, Ijebu-Imusin, Ogun State, Nigeria.

Olowolaiyemo M.,
Eye Foundation Community Hospital, Ijebu-Imusin, Ogun State, Nigeria.

Idris O.,
Eye Foundation Community Hospital, Ijebu-Imusin, Ogun State, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NVMMS-V5/article/view/14155

Examining the Impact of Counseling on Anxiety Levels in Post-Operative Orthopedic Patients: A Comparative Study | Chapter 5 | New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 5

The aim of the study was to assess the effect of counselling on anxiety among  post-operative orthopaedic patients. The advent of modern technology has added tremendous pace to our life. We are eager to achieve instant results in the shortest span of time. This pre- occupation with a fast- track existence has added enormous problems to our daily life style. The sample comprised of 60 male patients divided into two groups experimental group 30 & control group 30. “Spielberger’s” state anxiety inventory was used to collect data. ‘t’ value & ANOVA was calculated for the comparison of pretest and post-test. State anxiety score of experimental and control group of patients. The experimental group's patients' pre- and post-test state anxiety levels differed significantly, according to the results, while the control group's pre- and post-test scores differed statistically significantly. Further, it was found that there was significant difference in pre test and post test anxiety scores of experimental group of patients, according to age and significant difference was found in control group. However, no significant effect was found in control group. However, no significant effect was found according to age, educational status & income on pre test anxiety scores of patients in both experimental and control group. There is marked difference in pre-test and post-test anxiety scores of experimental group of patients according to religion. But in control group of patients there is no statistically significant difference between pretest and post test anxiety scores.

Author(s) Details:

Neeraj Gill,
Khalsa College of Nursing, Amritsar, Punjab, India.

Menu Sharma,
Khalsa College of Nursing, Amritsar, Punjab, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NVMMS-V5/article/view/14154

Ferroptosis-Induced Metabolic Shifts in Cardiac Cells: Exploring the Influence of Glutaminolysis | Chapter 4 | New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 5

Aims: Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent non-apoptotic cell death mechanism, profoundly impacts cellular metabolism. Despite its significance, a comprehensive metabolomic analysis of ferroptotic cells remains elusive.

 

Study Design and Methodology:  In this study, we investigated the metabolome of H9c2 cardioblast cells using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry during ferroptosis induced by RSL3, an inhibitor of glutathione peroxidase 4. Notably, we explored the effects of ferroptosis inhibitors, including ferrostatin-1, and the mitochondrial-targeted ROS scavenger, XJB-5-131.

 

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Physiology and Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, between October 2019 and September 2021.

 

Results: The results revealed a significant reduction of amino acids crucial for glutathione synthesis by more than two-fold upon RSL3 treatment. Conversely, saturated fatty acid levels were notably elevated in RSL3-exposed cells, with no discernible impact on unsaturated fatty acids. Moreover, RSL3 induced substantial alterations in mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates; while isocitrate and 2-oxoglutarate levels increased, succinate levels decreased significantly in RSL3-treated cells. Importantly, ferrostatin-1 and XJB-5-131 effectively prevented RSL3-induced cell death and preserved the metabolic profile. Given the involvement of 2-oxoglutarate in ferroptosis regulation, particularly through glutamine metabolism, we further investigated the role of glutaminolysis in H9c2 cardi-oblasts ferroptosis. Silencing of glutaminase 1, encoding the K-type mitochondrial glutaminase (glutaminase C), conferred protection against ferroptosis at the early stage.

 

Conclusion: In conclusion, our study demonstrates the disruptive impact of RSL3-induced ferroptosis on the metabolome of H9c2 cardioblasts.

Author(s) Details:

Keishla M. Rodríguez-Graciani,
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA.

Xavier R. Chapa-Dubocq,
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA.

Esteban J. Ayala-Arroyo,
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA.

Ivana Chaves-Negrón,
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA.

Sehwan Jang,
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA.

Nataliya Chorna,
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA.

Taber S. Maskrey,
Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Peter Wipf,
Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Sabzali Javadov,
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NVMMS-V5/article/view/14153