Study on Biofilm Formation and Multiplex PCR of icaABCD Operon in Staphylococcus capitis | Chapter 12 | Current Aspects in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol. 3

 The ability to build biofilm is a key pathogenicity feature for bacteria belonging to the Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) group. Because S. epidermidis is the most common member of CoNS, its ability to cause biofilm-associated illnesses is well known. S. capitis, on the other hand, has long been thought to be a non-pathogenic species, despite the fact that it has recently been linked to a number of diseases. The majority of CoNS infections in clinical settings are linked to the use of foreign bodies or medical equipment such as catheters, where the bacteria were able to survive as a coating of biofilm on these surfaces. As a result, the goal of this study was to look at the ability of clinical isolates of S. capitis to produce biofilms. Following that, a set of four primers were used to determine the existence of icaABCD genes through multiplex PCR.

Methodology: Out of 200 clinical samples, 17 were isolated and identified as S. capitis. A microtitre plate approach was used to develop a quantitative biofilm generation experiment. ICA multiplex PCR primers ABCD genes were created using DNA sequences coding for the icaA, B, C, and D structural genes of Staphylococcus capitis JF930147.1, which were compared to five other Staphylococcus species. Using the prescribed primers, amplification of the icaABCD genes was carried out.

Results: Fourteen of the 17 S. capitis clinical isolates were identified as S. capitis subspcapitis, with the other three being S. capitis subsp ureolyticus. The remaining strains, with the exception of two S. capitis subsp capitis isolates, were able to produce biofilm, with the majority of them being strong biofilm formers. The four icaABCD genes were successfully amplified by multiplex PCR in all of the S. capitis isolates, including the two non-biofilm producing isolates.

Conclusion: The majority of S. capitis isolates were phenotypically capable of forming biofilm, implying the likelihood of opportunistic infections via indwelling medical devices. Multiplex PCR, on the other hand, was able to detect the icaABCD genes in all of the S. capitis isolates. This shows that assessing the production of polysaccharide intercellular adhesion (PIA) on a microtitre plate is not a conclusive technique, but that determining the production of the icaABCD genes may be a better assessment in determining biofilm development in Staphylococcus.

Author(S) Details

Aziyah Abdul-Aziz
Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.

Mohamad Faiz Foong Abdullah
Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.

Sharifah Aminah Syed Mohamad
Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.

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