Study on Polytopes and Nuclear Structure | Chapter 4 | Newest Updates in Physical Science Research Vol. 15

 While the parameters Z and A show a basic structural pattern for atomic nuclei, the actual nuclear masses in their fine differences appear to fluctuate somewhat arbitrarily, indicating that nature does not have an orderly logical framework.

The "touchstone" of nuclear stability is separation energy [the mass of the nucleus before decay less the mass of a decay's products], not mass defect [the sum of the nuclear protons and neutrons masses less the nuclear mass].

The neutron decays into a proton and an electron when it is not part of an atomic nucleus, showing that it is a mixture of the two. In this case, the nucleus can be thought of as a collection of A protons and N = A - Z electrons, with N protons forming neutrons with N electrons.

The resulting research reveals a thorough orderly structure among all nuclear types and isotopes' actual nuclear masses. The paper goes over the conditions for nuclear stability and instability in great depth. The family of geometric structures known as polytopes, particularly regular polyhedrons, is an interesting secondary component of that analysis and the logical order that results.

Author (S) Details

Roger Ellman
The-Origin Foundation, Inc. 1401 Fountaingrove Pkwy, Santa Rosa, CA 95403, USA.

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