The orbital electron arrangement is necessitated by the need to accommodate the space that each circling electron's matter wave occupies, as proven analytically. In terms of quantum numbers (principal, azimuthal, magnetic, and spin), the atom's orbital electron structure allows for a maximum of 2 electrons in the n=1 orbit, 8 electrons in the n=2 orbit, 18 electrons in the n=3 orbit, and so on. Those conclusions are valid, but not due to quantum numbers, angular momentum, or the "Pauli exclusion principle."
The wavelength of matter waves was predicted by DeBroglie to be Planck's constant divided by the particle's momentum, _mw = h/m•v, and was observed in the early twentieth century. However, because no credible theory for the matter wave frequency could be found, curiosity waned. A rethink of Einstein's calculation of relativistic kinetic energy [which created his famous E = m•c2] leads to a genuine matter wave frequency and a new understanding of particle kinetics and the atom's stable orbits in "A Reconsideration of Matter Waves" 2. The orbital electron arrangement is necessitated by the need to accommodate the space that each circling electron's matter wave occupies, as proven analytically.
Author (S) Details
Roger Ellman
The-Origin Foundation, Inc. 1401 Fountaingrove Pkwy, Santa Rosa, CA 95403, USA.
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