Amniotic Fluid Mesenchymal Stromal Cells as Innovative and Advantageous Resource for Bone Regeneration | Chapter 01 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 4

 Tissue engineering using stem cells is a viable therapy option for people with bone abnormalities. Mesenchymal stromal cells of various origins have been widely investigated and used in orthopaedics.

Opinions are still divided. Although bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells are routinely used in clinical practise, new research suggests that mesenchymal stromal cells from extra-embryonic tissues, such as amniotic fluid, could be a more inventive and beneficial resource for bone repair. The use of cells from amniotic fluid poses no ethical issues and gives a large number of cells without invasive treatments. Furthermore, unlike pluripotent stem cells, they do not grow into teratomas after transplantation. They are attractive candidates for bone regeneration medicine because of their multipotent differentiation ability, minimal immunogenicity, and anti-inflammatory characteristics.

We present an overview of the current state-of-the-art of amniotic fluid-derived cells' osteogenic capacity, as well as the various techniques available to promote bone regeneration. We focused on the tactics used to improve in vitro osteogenesis to highlight the current development in this sector. Importantly, a thorough understanding of the activity of amniotic fluid mesenchymal stromal cells and their osteogenic potential is desirable in the context of bone regenerative medicine.

Author(S) Details

Caterina Pipino
Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), StemTeCh Group, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy.

Ilaria Cappellacci
Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), StemTeCh Group, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy.

Letizia Pelusi
Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), StemTeCh Group, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy.

Nadia Di Pietrantonio
Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), StemTeCh Group, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy.

Domitilla Mandatori
Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), StemTeCh Group, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy.

Natalia Di Pietro
Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), StemTeCh Group, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy.

Assunta Pandolfi
Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), StemTeCh Group, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy.

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