T1DM is an autoimmune disease in which auto-reactive cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells destroy native pancreatic insulin-producing islet of Langerhans cells, resulting in a reduction in endogenous insulin levels. The goal of this chapter is to present a synopsis of recent breakthroughs that provide new perspectives on the future of autoimmunity as it relates to regenerative medicine and diabetes for the reader. Previously, stem cells were assumed to play a key part in the repopulation of damaged pancreatic cells, but new research shows that the regenerative ability of these insulin-producing cells persists many years after diagnosis. As a result, the focus moved from looking into repopulation approaches employing splenic or exogenous grafting stem cells to preventing future islet cell loss by auto-reactive cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-) is thought to play a role in diabetic treatment choices, as there is evidence that TNF- can cause apoptosis in selectively autoreactive CD8+ T-cells. Furthermore, the next generation of ultrasensitive c-peptide assays revealed the true functional status of islet cells, concluding that the reduction in function happens over decades rather than months, as previously thought. Not only animals, but even diabetics, remain euglycemic for a long time after receiving mycobacterial adjuvants, according to studies. All of these ideas and discoveries pave the path for more clinical studies and the development of more effective diabetic treatment alternatives in the future.
Author(S) Details
Benjamin Borokhovsky
Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, USA.
View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V14/article/view/4990
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