Basic Mathematics for Physically Correct Mechanical Properties from Indentations | Book Publisher International

 This open-approach E-Book collects all of the 16 open-access publications accompanying the author's challenges of false situations of indentation dossier in the literature in an up scaled form with cross connecting to the more recent results and some replacements of earlier formulas. Not all of them could be grown in one publication at a period. It depicts the advancements from 2016 to 2022 on the base of now mathematically understood empirical results with terminated and universal formulas for all types of solid fabrics. The enforcing ISO 14577 techniques can still not discover the more than common step-transitions under machinelike stress with formation of hazardous polymorph interfaces. Their now very easy discovery (actually since 2004) helps to prevent dangerous failures by cracks in airliners, bridges, houses, polymers, commodities, etc. This affords only the concerning matter correct calculation of the matters' mechanical properties outside relying on data-situations, fittings, iterations, and simulations with not repeatable intensely complicated assumptions for approving with fake historical equations.This will help the chemist, teacher, anonymous critic, editor, technician, person who writes about factual events for a living, and certification agent for more surely finding out how compelling is it to strengthen the falsehood of the still not revised ISO-14577- ASTM enforcing guidelines. ISO-ASTM, industry and academic publications must stop accompanying accepting violation of the strength law. And mechanical data must be freed from pretended tabulated mechanical features, always requiring trustworthy re-determinations. This is particularly important for individual-point technical indentation results that characterise obscure polymorphs depending on the used very high forces.Indentations with cones, pyramids, and circles are described on the basis of sacred calculation rules for mathematically founded terminated universal formulas for the dept sensing stowing curves. These can locate data-fittings in written loading curves, handle characteristics like initial surface effects, pop-in, gradients, pile-ups and of course stage-transition onset and shift energies. The errors from the ISO-ASTM 14577 standardisations are intensely large and further raised by their false attribution of "equivalent" conoid angles to the pyramids for decreasing computer opportunities in simulations. We replace the wrong exponent 2 on insight h versus normal force FN a suggestion of correction correctly 3/2 for cones and pyramids, and deduce the changeable R/h containing fixing factor for spheres. We delimit the physical indentation severity and the physical indentation modulus a suggestion of correction iterated ISO-H and ISO-"Young's" modulus Er. Spherical indentations are compared with ironsmith pressurizations.The very precisely premeditated applications cover all kinds of fabrics technology, solid-state allure, mineralogy, biology, earth coating geology. Actually, all applicants should be aware of a multitude of distinct and extremely difficult multiple simulation blueprints and fitting formulas, but that requirement is now detached thanks undeniable estimate rules.  And there arise burden problems against unschooled students and in the case of catastrophic deficiencies of technical materials (crashes of airliners, bridges, constructions, earth quakes, commodities, etc). Not criticised is ISO 14577 valuable high-ranking standardization for correct experimentation. But correctly revised indentation studies remain a very main fast characterization technique for a great deal solid materials. Depth-noticing indentations become even more important by this E-Book, in spite of the deplorable present situation by thankless physical propriety.

Author(s) Details:

Gerd Kaupp,
Carl Von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Germany.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/BMPCMPI/issue/view/840

Keywords: Depth-sensing indentations with conical, pyramidal, spherical, and flat indenters, pop-in repair, pile-up reasons, basic algebra and trigonometry with calculation rules, challenge of false ISO 14577-ASTM standards with ISO-H, ISO-Er, HV, etc and energy law violation, undue data-treatment, fitting, iteration, and simulation, correct loading curve formulas, H/E ratio challenge, false historical concepts and false Johnson formula, physical hardness=penetration resistance k (mN/µm3/2), physical indentation modulus Er-phys without iteration, force direction and side-area, pyramids' non-equivalence with pseudo cones,  phase-transition onset and transition energy detection, catastrophic crack nucleation at ( multiple) polymorph intersections,  long-range cracks formation, applications in crystallography for crystal structures, failure of technical materials including airliners turbines, bridges, superalloys, etc, earth sub-mantle crust exploration and earth quakes, comparison with anvil pressurizations, detailed interpretations in solid-state chemistry, plastics, biology, and medicine, chances for updates for reliable mechanical intelligence, requiring warning and case-wise  new indentation.