A detailed examination of a congenital defect called "Sirenomelia" in the foetus, which is a rare condition that makes life impossible. This is an extremely rare occurrence, and hearing about incidents like this is devastating. Rocheus in 1542 and Palfyn in 1953 were the first to describe the sequence, which was called after the mythological Greek sirens. According to Greek mythology, Sirenomelia sequence is also known as Mermaid Syndrome because it includes two joined lower limbs that resemble a mermaid's tail. Previously, sirenomelia was assumed to be a severe form of Caudal Regression Syndrome (CRS); however, CRS is now thought to be caused by a lower spinal trunk terminating abnormality (Frog-like). It encompasses a wide range of abnormalities, including thoraco-lumbosacral spine agenesis and pelvic deformities. During the later stages of Gastrulation in the caudal eminence, blastogenesis anomalies affecting several midline primordial structures may cause sirenomelia. This results in insufficient mesoderm migration and differentiation, which causes a range of abnormalities in the caudal area and impacts blood flow to the fetus's caudal region. A total of 300 cases have been recorded in the literature, with a male to female ratio of 3:1. These babies usually don't last more than 24 hours. Only a small percentage of patients survive even after surgery.
The goal of this study is to conduct a thorough investigation of foetal cases of Sirenomelia Sequence, with a focus on prenatal diagnostic and pathological aspects of sirenomelia. Early in pregnancy, an ultrasound scan may be helpful in spotting this condition. Early intrauterine diagnosis enables for less traumatic therapeutic abortion in the face of a dismal prognosis, reducing pregnancy termination in advanced gestation.
Observation and Results: The Sirenomelia sequence was discovered in two cases. A 25-year-old primigravida was admitted to the hospital at 24 weeks of pregnancy as the first patient. The pregnancy was terminated after prenatal ultrasound revealed severe Oligohydramnios with fusion of the lower limbs, indicating Sirenomelia. A 25-year-old primigravida gave birth to a stillborn full-term baby whose gender could not be identified in the second case. Sirenomelia was found in the sample, which was acquired from a private nursing facility. There was no history of consanguineous marriage, tobacco smoking, or drug usage in either case. Both foetuses were brought to the anatomy dissection room for an autopsy. The data were presented in this study, along with a review of the literature, a discussion of etiopathogenesis, and an embryological association.Author(S) Details
Usha Rani Vanagondi
Department of Anatomy, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Ongole, Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh, India.
S. Saritha
Kamineni Academy of Medical Sciences & R.C, L. B. Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
Jwalaram Kumar Chaluvadi
Department of Anatomy, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Ongole, Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Gayathri Pandurangam
Kamineni Academy of Medical Sciences & R.C, L. B. Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
D. Nagajyothi
Kamineni Academy of Medical Sciences & R.C, L. B. Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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