Organic waste pollution, particularly hydrocarbons, pesticides, herbicides, and other toxic wastes, is a worldwide issue. Despite the economic boom created by the petroleum industries in many countries, it has also resulted in environmental and socioeconomic challenges. The main cause of water and soil pollution is the accidental or intentional release of hydrocarbons into the environment. Pesticide applications on agricultural soil are now commonplace. Some of these pesticides persist in the soil, forming pollutants that may harm the environment. This can occasionally result in surface and ground water contamination. The role of microorganisms in organic pollutant biodegradation is an important subject to research because it is a safe alternative to physicochemical techniques. The general principles of organic pollutant degradation by microorganisms were summarized in this paper. The biochemistry of hydrocarbon oxidation, specifically the terminal and sub terminal oxidation of n-alkanes, as well as the anaerobic degradation of alkanes, was highlighted. The paper also discussed the biodegradation pathways of organic chemicals such as pesticides, as well as the factors influencing organic pollutant biodegradation. Aside from these factors influencing biodegradation, efforts to improve microorganisms' biodegradative capabilities through biostimulation, bioaugmentation, and the use of genetically engineered microorganisms (GEM) were also discussed.
Author (S) Details
Dr. A. E. Mbachu
Department of Applied Microbiology and Brewing, Faculty of Biosciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.
E. I. Chukwura
Department of Applied Microbiology and Brewing, Faculty of Biosciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.
N. A. Mbachu
Department of Human Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nigeria.
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