DNA Repair Mechanism Operating during Cell Cycle Checkpoints in Eukaryotic Cells: A Briefly Review | Chapter 10 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 13

 We have examined the molecular mechanisms involved in DNA damage and repair in eukaryotic cells at various checkpoints of the cell cycle in this article. Eukaryotic cells can generate a reaction to DNA damage induced by external stimuli such as chemicals, xenobiotics, free radicals, ionising radiation (IR), or intracellular metabolic products, as well as medical therapy products. The following reactions can occur in the cellular environment in response to these insults: (a) When DNA damage occurs, the protein machinery is activated and adheres to the lesion site, causing cell cycle arrest in the G1 to S phase (th). (b) Because there are many distinct types of lesions, DNA repair mechanisms such as direct repair, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, mismatch repair, and double strand breaks (DSBs) such as homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair are activated. The tumour suppressor proteins BRCA1, BRCA2, and Rad51 are the most significant emerging proteins in HR, as they play a critical role in maintaining genomic integrity by shielding cells from double strand breaks. As a result, it is critical to determine the functional role of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 proteins, which will aid in the development of specialised medications for the treatment of solid cancers. Furthermore, interactions between Rad51 and BRCA2 protein complexes are required for HR, which may be seen as foci under a microscope and are assumed to be representative places where repair mechanisms can occur. Furthermore, we have focused on the recent discovery of Rad51's interaction with the BRCA2 protein in HR-induced double strand breaks.

Author (s) Details

Dr. M. Asimuddin
Centre for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Advance Studies, Buddha Bhavan, MG Road, Secunderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Dr. K. Jamil
Centre for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Advance Studies, Buddha Bhavan, MG Road, Secunderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V13/article/view/1549