Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and osteoarthritis (OA) are two of the most common chronic diseases. Diabetes is linked to a higher risk of death and significant side effects like stroke and chronic renal disease. Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic condition characterised by insulin resistance (IR) and pancreatic cell dysfunction as a result of the body's persistent hyperglycemia. OA and T2D share epidemiologic characteristics, are heterogenic multifactorial illnesses that arise as a result of the interplay of hereditary and environmental variables, and share risk factors. Furthermore, both of these disorders are frequently found in the same person. Despite the distinctions in clinical symptoms, both disorders are characterised by cellular metabolism abnormalities and an insulin-resistant condition principally related to energy synthesis and consumption. However, the underlying aetiology of OA formation and progression is unknown at this time. Furthermore, despite the fact that OA manifests as a joint illness, data suggests that it affects the entire body. Pathological insulin resistance is now thought to be a driving element in the development of T2D. The molecular and cellular metabolic abnormalities associated with OA are linked to an insulin-resistant state comparable to T2D, according to new research. Furthermore, insulin resistance-related changes in cellular energy requirements may influence a variety of metabolic changes in the body, eventually leading to pathology, and may act as a unified mechanism that is involved in a variety of metabolic illnesses. These concerns, however, have not been fully described. The basic molecular mechanisms underlying the pathological processes associated with the development of insulin resistance; the major inducers, regulators, and metabolic consequences of insulin resistance; and the major inducers, regulators, and metabolic consequences of insulin resistance are all discussed here.
Author (S) DetailsElena V. Tchetina
Immunology & Molecular Biology Laboratory, Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Moscow 115522, Russia.
Galina A. Markova
Immunology & Molecular Biology Laboratory, Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Moscow 115522, Russia.
Eugeniya P. Sharapova
Osteoarthritis Laboratory, Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Moscow 115522, Russia.
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