This study aimed to investigate the presence of integrons in
commensal E. coli isolates from animal origins (poultry and bovine) housed in
farms located in four different governorates of Tunisia (Sousse, Tunis, Bizerte
and Gbeli), with a focus on antimicrobial resistance of the isolates and
phylogroups as well as genetic characterization of genes encoding
sulphonamides, tetracycline resistance (owing to their high rates of resistance
in our collection and their excessive use in veterinary medicine in Tunisia).
Mobile genetic elements such as plasmids, transposons, and integrons are able
to disseminate genes encoding antibiotic resistance by horizontal transfer, and
play an important role in the evolution and dissemination of multidrug
resistance in Gram-negative bacteria.
Little detailed documentation has been researched on the
excessive use of antimicrobials such as tetracycline and sulfonamides in
veterinary medicine in Tunisia, and more studies are needed. A total of 58
commensal Escherichia coli isolates recovered from faecal samples of healthy
poultry (n=31) and bovine (n=27) recovered from farms in Tunisia were examined
for 20 antimicrobials as well as researched the presence of integron, variable
regions (VRs), phylogroups, tetracycline (tetA, tetB, et tetC) and sulfonamides
(sul1, sul2, and sul3) resistance genes. The most frequent resistance in
poultry origin was to tetracycline (94.3%), sulfonamide (70.69%), nalidixic
acid (61.29), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and streptomycin with 64.51%, to
amoxicillin and ticarcilline with 58%. Whereas, for the bovine isolates, it
noted high resistance to streptomycin (55.5%) and moderate resistance to
tetracycline (37%) and amoxicillin (18.5%). Class 1 integrons were detected in
20, 6 isolates for poultry and bovine, respectively, as well as class 2
integrons were found in 2 and 1 isolates, respectively. Class 1 integrons were
significantly associated with poultry origin (p=0.001). For poultry, sul1,
sul2, and sul3 genes were detected in 14 (46.2%), 7 (23.8%), and 4 (8.9%)
resistant isolates, respectively. Whereas, for bovine, 5 isolates were
resistant to sulfonamide and sul1 and sul2 genes were detected in 4 and 1
isolates, with an absence of sul3 genes. and tetracycline genes tetA, tetB
genes were observed in 27 (84.37%) and 8 (25%) resistant isolates,
respectively, while TetC was not detected amongst our isolates. Seven
arrangement gene cassettes were detected; dfrA1-satA1-aadA1 in one identical
DNA fragment with approximate size of 2000 bp, and six arrangements of
resistance gene cassettes of class 1 integron were detected; dfrA1+aadA1
(5isolates); for dfrA17+aadA1, dfrA12+ orfF+aadA2 each one two 2isolates; one
isolate for aadA1 and dfrA5, respectively. In poultry, 16 isolates were found
to belong to phylogroup A (subgroupA1: 12, subgroupA0: 4); 9 to B1, 1 to B2 and
5 to phylogroup D. However, in bovine 9 isolates have the phylogroups A1, 7
isolates B1, 4 isolates B2, and 3 isolates found to phylogroup D. Our results
showed that the prevalence of resistance in E. coli isolates from poultry was
much higher than that observed in bovin. This is worrisome for global human
health, especially with the increasing consumption of poultry meat in Tunisia
and in another part of the world owing to its relatively lower cost compared to
red meat.
Author (s) Details
Hajer Kilani
Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia, 20 Street Jebel Lakhdhar, Bab
Saadoun, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia and Faculty of
Medicine, LR99ES09 Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistance, University of Tunis El
Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
Mohamed Salah
Abbassi
Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia, 20 Street Jebel Lakhdhar,
Bab Saadoun, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia and Faculty of
Medicine, LR99ES09 Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistance, University of Tunis El
Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
Sana Lengliz
Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia, 20 Street Jebel Lakhdhar, Bab
Saadoun, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia and Laboratory of
Materials, Molecules and Application, LR11ES22, Preparatory Institute for
Scientific and Technical Studies, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia.
Rim Dhifalli
Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia, 20 Street Jebel Lakhdhar, Bab
Saadoun, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia.
Bouraoui Jihene
Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia, 20 Street Jebel Lakhdhar, Bab
Saadoun, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia.
Riadh Mansouri
Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia, 20 Street Jebel Lakhdhar, Bab
Saadoun, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia.
Noureddine Ben
Chehida
Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia, 20 Street Jebel Lakhdhar, Bab
Saadoun, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia.
Ilhem
Boutiba-Benboubaker
Faculty of Medicine, LR99ES09 Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistance,
University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia and Department of Microbiology,
Hospital of Charles Nicolle, Tunis, Tunisia.
Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v4/1613
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