Introduction: The liver is one of the most important organs
of the body that plays important roles in several functions. The drugs are
metabolised in the liver. The most important causes of acute liver disease in
the world include drug toxicity. In South Africa, there is a drug called
nyaope, which is mainly used for recreational purposes. The administration of
nyaope may cause severe health outcomes in the human body system. Nyaope is a
cocktail using different household chemical compounds, only known by the
dealer.
Aim: The aim of the study will be to investigate the effect
of nyaope on the morphology of the liver.
Methods: The nyaope samples were supplied by the SAPS with
the permission of DoH. The Nyaope powder sample was mixed in three different
solvents, then analysed using a GC-MS machine. A total of 24 Wistar rats were
divided into the control and experimental groups. The nyaope was dissolved in
90% saline water and administered at 0.1mg/ml in the 12 experimental rats for
30 days. After 30 days, the rodents were sacrificed and the livers were
harvested and collected, and the blood samples were analyzed for histology
analysis and biomarkers analysis, respectively. The Graph Pad was used to
analyse the biomarkers. The Kruskal-Wallis test was carried out at p< 0.05.
Results: The nyaope samples dissolved in the methanol showed
more ingredients compared to other solvents. Heroin and its derivatives were
identified in all the solvents. The morphology of the liver after histology
showed that the central vein was highly affected after administration of the
nyaope solution. All liver biomarkers in the experiment were significantly
higher in the experimental rodents compared to the control, with a p-value
<0.05.
Discussion: Heroin was the most common ingredient found in
the nyaope samples. In the current study, it was very clear that nyaope can
modify the morphology of the liver cells. The morphological change may lead to
the presence of biomarkers in the blood samples. Biochemical analysis and
histopathological observation showed that heroin-addicted rats had liver
injury. It can cause hepatic injury, which might affect the physiological
functioning of the liver in the experimental group.
Conclusion: The effect of the other compound that is present
in the nyaope needs further investigation. There must be an investigation to
search for the strategy of controlling the use of nyaope amongst the youth
community.
Author(s) Details
Matome M Sekhotha
Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, School of Molecular
Science and Agriculture, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X 1106, Sovenga
0727, South Africa.
Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/psnid/v8/5804
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