Background: To determine how the expression of E-cadherin and vimentin affects epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in precancerous and cancerous lesions of the oral cavity and oropharynx, as well as to predict invasiveness based on the distinct pattern of expression of these two proteins.
Materials and methods: Haematoxylin and eosin sections, as well as
immunohistochemistry expression of E-cadherin and vimentin, were used to
investigate biopsies and samples from the oral cavity and oropharynx for any
premalignant lesions and invasive epithelial squamous lesions where necessary.
Patients' follow-up and therapy-related changes were also examined during the
trial.
Results: In our study, there were 64 premalignant cases and 23 malignant cases,
with 65 (71.0%) men and 22 (29.0%) females. The majority of malignant cases—15,
or 64.2%—occurred in the fifth and sixth decades of life, while the majority of
premalignant lesions—36, or 56.4%—occurred in the fourth and fifth. Leukoplakia
accounted for 14 cases (21.9%) of the 64 premalignant oral lesions, of which 3
instances also exhibited mild to severe dysplasia. Premalignant lesions had
significant 4+/3+ E-cadherin expression in the majority of cases, but vimentin
expression was weaker or negative in both dysplasias and carcinoma-in-situ
(p=0.013). Six out of ten (60%) instances of well-differentiated cancer had a
4+ degree of E-cadherin staining, compared to zero out of ten (0%), and just
one, case, respectively, of poorly differentiated carcinoma. Vimentin was
expressed to a higher degree in 6/10 (60%) instances of well-differentiated
oral squamous cell carcinoma than it was in 6/10 (60%) cases of
poorly-differentiated carcinoma. One (1.6%) of the positive lymph node
metastasis cases had high E-cadherin staining, whereas four (66.6%) had no
E-cadherin staining at all. In our investigation, the differences in the
immunoreactivities between CIS and microinvasive or invasive carcinomas were
statistically significant (p 0.001). When invasive carcinomas were compared to
dysplasias and carcinoma-in-situ, E-cadherin expression was dramatically
decreased, and the difference in immunoreactivity was statistically significant
(p value 0.05). It was statistically significant (p value 0.05) that vimentin
expression increased as the tumour developed from dysplasias to
carcinoma-in-situ to invasive carcinomas.
Conclusions: The evaluation of tumour behaviour, prognosis, survival, and
patient therapy can be aided by the use of immunohistochemistry E-cadherin and
vimentin stains. Future research on tumour microinvasion for early detection
and patient survival can use these substances as biomarkers.
Author(s) Details:
Department of General Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia
Islamia, New Delhi, India.
Kafil Akhtar,
Department of Pathology Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of
Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMS-V2/article/view/7349
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