Background: Children can develop osteoporosis as a result of a prolonged medical ailment or medication, and this must be investigated. Early intervention and care reduce the risk of fractures as a result of this examination. The radiologist's role in evaluating the DEXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometery) examination results in the paediatric age range is critical. A statistician, an orthopaedic specialist, and a clinical pathologist are all part of the job description. The many parameters that determine bone mineral density have been researched and compared to the standard database that is now accessible. The measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) helps to provide a more detailed picture of overall bone health. A child's growing skeleton is influenced by a variety of variables. The radiologist should be knowledgeable about the technical issues of obtaining this data. The DEXA scan is always used as a starting point for the interpretation. In order to diagnose osteoporosis in children, Z-scoring and other biochemical evaluation measures are used. T-scores in adults differ greatly from those in youngsters.
From January to May 2017, twenty paediatric patients (n=20) who were referred from the paediatric department were submitted to a DEXA examination. These children ranged in age from 10 to 19, and were of mixed gender. These patients displayed symptoms of common illnesses such as respiratory, renal, and gastrointestinal problems, among others.
The results revealed that ten out of twenty cases (50 percent) had osteopenia or osteoporosis. In comparison to the femoral neck region, the sensitivity of picking up bone density in the lumbosacral spine was higher. Only osteopenia (10%) was discovered in one case of mal-absorption syndrome, while osteoporosis was found in others (90 percent). Tuberculosis was revealed to be the most common positive ailment among the latter group (40 percent), followed by mal-absorption (30 percent), kidney disease (10 percent), diabetes mellitus (10 percent), and worm infestation (10 percent) (10 percent ). In this group, males outnumbered females by a margin of 72.7 percent (27.3 percent ). Three (15%) were determined to be within normal limits.
Conclusion: Estimating Z-scores from DEXA scans in children is a highly sensitive way for identifying osteoporosis and osteopenia. This is a non-invasive procedure that exposes you to very little non-harmful radiation. In chronic conditions such as tuberculosis, diabetes mellitus, malabsorption syndrome, and kidney disease, the examination is helpful in detecting decreasing BMD. This helps to prevent fractures in these fragile patients by providing timely treatment.Author(S) Details
Shashi Sharma
Department of Pediatrics, SGT Medical College, Hospital and Research Institute, SGT University, Gurugram (Haryana), 122505, India..
Bharat Bhushan Sharma
Department of Radio-diagnosis, SGT Medical College, Hospital and Research Institute, SGT University, Gurugram (Haryana), 122505, India.
Nitish Virmani
Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, SGT University Gurugram (Haryana), 122505, India.
Naresh Chander Arora
Department of Orthopedics, SGT Medical College, Hospital and Research Institute, SGT University, Gurugram (Haryana), 122505, India.
Mir Rizwan Aziz
Department of Radio-diagnosis, SGT Medical College, Hospital and Research Institute, SGT University, Gurugram (Haryana), 122505, India
Aman Arora
Department of Pediatrics, SGT Medical College, Hospital and Research Institute, SGT University, Gurugram (Haryana), 122505, India.
Andleeb Showkat
FAHS, SGT University, Gurugram (Haryana), 122505, India.
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