A Retrospective Analysis of National Surveillance Data on the Epidemiology of Meningitis in Niger (2005 – 2020) | Chapter 2 | An Overview of Disease and Health Research Vol. 9

 

Background: Bacterial meningitis is a major public health problem, especially in low-income countries. It is caused by Nesseria meningitidis (Nm), a Gram-negative bacterium of the family Neisseriaceae that infects humans only. In Africa, epidemics of meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitides have been a public health problem for over a century.

 

Aim: This study analysed national surveillance data and isolates from Niger to describe the epidemiology of bacterial meningitis from 2005 to 2020.

 

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using nationwide case-based surveillance data of all reported meningitis cases in Niger from 2005 to 2020. A modified case definition was used to classify the cases. Data were collected and analysed using Stata 12.0.

 

Results: Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) was recorded over the entire period from 2005 to 2020. A total of 47,953 suspected meningitis cases and 3,276 deaths (CFR=6.83%) were reported, corresponding to an incidence of 189.01 cases per 100,000 population. The male represented 55.41% (sex-ratio male: female = 1.30), and 40.52% were 5 -14 years old. A total of 29,998 cases were reported through RNL, of which 10,979 (36.60%) were confirmed, and 6,149 (56.01%) were confirmed by culture. The predominant organism identified was N. meningitidis serogroup A (33.91%). All regions reported meningitis cases, and a consistent and substantial reduction was seen in confirmed NmA cases, with no cases occurring in the country after the completion of mass campaigns. Nevertheless, other pathogen species and Nm variants, including NmX, NmC, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, have become more prevalent.

 

Conclusion: Increased surveillance of multiple serogroups throughout is necessary, as well as consideration of vaccination with combination vaccines rather than just using a single strain, as is currently the case with NmA.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Alkassoum S. I.
Département de Santé Publique, Université Abdou Moumouni, FSS, Niamey, Niger.

 

Abdoulaye Z.
Département de Santé Publique, Université Abdou Moumouni, FSS, Niamey, Niger.

 

Goni A.
Département de Santé Publique, Université de Zinder, Niger.

 

Amadou O.
Université Dan Dicko Dan Koulodo, Maradi, Niger.

 

Djibo A.
Département de Santé Publique, Université Abdou Moumouni, FSS, Niamey, Niger.

 

Emoud T.
Hopital Général de Référence, Niamey, Niger.

 

Ibrahim M. L.
Centre de Recherche Médicale et Sanitaire, Niamey, Niger.

 

Adeossi E.
Département de Médecine et Spécialités Médicales, Université Abdou Moumouni, FSS, Niamey, Niger.

 

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/aodhr/v9/6803

Assessment of Agroecological Transition and Polyculture Systems: Case Study of the Djirataoua Irrigated Perimeter | Chapter 05 | Agricultural Sciences: Techniques and Innovations Vol. 6

 

The rural sector of Niger faces insufficient rainfall, agricultural and forage deficits, degradation of natural resources and negative externalities related to climate change. These constraints are the main factors driving down agricultural productivity, resulting in food shortages. The Djirataoua irrigated perimeter was created in the 1980s. However, its exploitation follows several production models, mainly conventional and the adoption of a few agroecological practices. Polyculture systems play an important role in the production of food, both in quantity and quality. It is practised by adopting various cropping systems and using conventional and agroecological agricultural practices. This study aims to evaluate the agroecological transition of polyculture farming practices in the irrigated perimeter of Djirataoua. The methodology consisted of collecting qualitative data by 14 focus groups with committees of the cooperative societies and of the associations of irrigation water users, 14 individual interviews with producers and resource persons in the perimeter and field observations. The data were collected, synthesised and analysed on the basis of the thirteen (13) qualitative agroecological principles. The study revealed that several agroecological practices have been adopted as part of polyculture on the Djirataoua irrigated perimeter. Producers have a good understanding of the production cycles for most crops. Most of the seeds used are locally produced. The results mainly show that several agroecological practices are adopted in the development of the irrigated perimeter of Djirataoua. More than 69% of the agroecological principles defined by the High Level Panel Experts are already well applied. Mixed farming is an ongoing source of wealth creation. It has enabled women and young people to become financially independent. Recycling and soil health are not priority issues, but require improvements to ensure a dynamic and sustainable agroecosystem. Reducing synthetic inputs is the priority issue that requires immediate intervention. In this case, the transition will consist, initially, in the exclusive use and application of approved chemical inputs at doses recommended by research institutions. In a second phase, it will be based on a process of progressive substitution of conventional inputs and practices with agroecological alternatives.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

ADAM Mamadou
Département d’Economie, Sociologie Rurales et Transfert de Technologies (DESR/TT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Niger (INRAN), Corniche Yantala, BP: 429, Niamey, Niger.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/asti/v6/6631

Reforms and Management Challenges of Public Irrigated Perimeter Resources in Niger | Chapter 04 | Agricultural Sciences: Techniques and Innovations Vol. 6

 

The primary constraint to the development of Niger is the low availability of water resources. Niger's public irrigated perimeter faces several resource management constraints. Two successive reforms were initiated to address the challenges of resource management. First, the adoption of the Uniform Act required the conversion of agricultural cooperatives into cooperative societies. Second, the responsibility of the cooperative societies was limited to production management, and that of Water User Associations was to ensure better water governance. This study offers a qualitative analysis of the impact of two reforms on the development of public irrigated areas in Niger. Forty-five (45) focus groups were conducted to collect information from farmers (23) and their representatives (22). Data were collected in two stages, first between May and June 2022 and later in October 2022 for a period of 15 days, supported by other field activities. The results show that these reforms are accepted by all cooperators. However, they struggle to comply with the rules and principles related to the current legislation and democratic governance. Cooperative management has enabled control over irrigation schedules, cropping calendars, crop production cycles, etc. Nonetheless, significant shortcomings have been observed in the efficiency of water mobilisation and distribution, the use of agricultural inputs, and dedicated funds for royalty collection. These shortcomings persist as irrigation water user associations struggle to establish themselves. The causes of these dysfunctions are related to negative apprehensions among cooperative members, insufficient capacity building, poor awareness due to lack of sensitisation, and insufficiency of financial resources dedicated to the reforms. In future, studies should be developed upon this qualitative synthesis by conducting quantitative analyses, which will help to assess and validate the observed trends and provide deeper insights into the effectiveness of the reforms, the performance of the new management structures, and the factors influencing their successful operationalisation.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

ADAM Mamadou
Département d’Economie, Sociologie Rurales et Transfert de Technologies (DESR/TT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Niger (INRAN), Corniche Yantala, BP: 429, Niamey, Niger.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/asti/v6/6632

Evaluation of the Satisfaction of Hospitalized Patients in a Low-Income Country: A Case of the Lamorde National Teaching Hospital (Amirou Boubacar Diallo Hospital) | Chapter 8 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 9

Introduction: The measurement of user satisfaction is part of the overall context of the rise of the user's place in the organization of the healthcare system, where the service rendered to the client and its appreciation are central.

Aim: This study aims to contribute to the study of the improvement of the quality of care and the degree of satisfaction of the patients and their accompanying persons with regard to the health services provided at the various services of the Lamordé National Teaching Hospital in NIAMEY Republic of NIGER in West Africa. 

Materials and Methods: This is a qualitative and transversal descriptive prospective study carried out from 15 August 2018 to 15 March 2019 in the National Lamordé Hospital. The study sample consisted of 1,045 hospitalized patients in the Lamordé National Hospital, the method consisted of a direct interview with patients in the inpatient hospital services and a direct interview with the accompanying patients. Patients in pediatrics on socio-demographic aspects, variables relating to reception, information, patient rights, care and satisfaction.

Results: The present study found that hospitality was adequate for 84% of patients. The rate of dissatisfaction with information given to patients on their health status was 20% compared to information on their rights at 88.20%. The consent request was not made in 62.20% of the cases, and prior warning on the benefits and risks of treatments and examinations had not occurred in 57.90% of patients.

The discharge or transfer of the patient was not organized in 43.40% of the cases; 11.60% of patients said their relatives could not meet doctors regularly. 21.60% of patients felt that confidentiality had not been respected; 66.70% of the patients had found staff who were careful to give them information about the care provided and 89.70% were generally satisfied with the care provided by the doctors; 92.60% had generally considered the physiotherapist to be satisfied; 90.01% rated the management by the laboratory staff satisfactory and 84.80% were satisfied with the care taken by the nurses. In this study, 86.99% of the patients found satisfactory emergency management, at the block, 90.44% of patients were satisfied with the benefits. In medical imaging, 94.78% of patients were satisfied with their management with an improvement rate of 5.22%.

The conditions of restoration and cooking are unsatisfactory for 61.20% of the patients questioned, the hospitalization conditions of the patients are uncomfortable for 36.80% of the patients, the atmosphere of the service is judged unsatisfactory in 25.70% of the cases and 90.50% of patients are dissatisfied with television. The overall satisfaction rate was 86.10% for the stay in general.

Conclusion: With the present study on inpatient satisfaction with the services of the Lamordé National Hospital, it was possible to measure their level of satisfaction and factors of non-satisfaction. At the end of this study, it was concluded that much remains to be done to improve overall patient satisfaction, as an inpatient as a whole. Taking charge of the disease is not just about taking care of an illness, it is essential to take into account social and psychological factors.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Tourè A.I.
Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Lamorde National Teaching Hospital (Amirou Boubacar Diallo Hospital), Niamey, Niger.

 

Dodo B.
Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Lamorde National Teaching Hospital (Amirou Boubacar Diallo Hospital), Niamey, Niger.

Biga B.D.
Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Lamorde National Teaching Hospital (Amirou Boubacar Diallo Hospital), Niamey, Niger.

 

Souley K. Bonkano A.
Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Lamorde National Teaching Hospital (Amirou Boubacar Diallo Hospital), Niamey, Niger.

 

Bonkano O.
Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Lamorde National Teaching Hospital (Amirou Boubacar Diallo Hospital), Niamey, Niger.

 

Abba G.A
Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Lamorde National Teaching Hospital (Amirou Boubacar Diallo Hospital), Niamey, Niger.

 

Djibo A.
Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Lamorde National Teaching Hospital (Amirou Boubacar Diallo Hospital), Niamey, Niger.

 

Mamane A.
Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Lamorde National Teaching Hospital (Amirou Boubacar Diallo Hospital), Niamey, Niger.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v9/1664