Burns are a dangerous injury and one of the most common causes of trauma in children, especially those under the age of five. Nutritional support has been recognized as one of the most crucial parts of medical burns care in terms of simply nutrition for these patients because to a notable hypermetabolism immediately or early after burn and protection from infections. Resting energy expenditure (REE) has a curvilinear increasing trend according to the total burned surface area (TBSA), and indirect calorimetry is considered the most accurate method to evaluate the energy output of burned patients. Protein requirements in burned children are often greater than suggested dietary allowances, with protein intake ranging from 1.5 to 3.0 g/kg/diet. Carbohydrates should account for 55–60% of total energy intake (TEI), while fats should account for less than 35% of TEI. To facilitate sufficient wound healing, children suffering from significant burns should receive vitamin supplements in the form of a multivitamin, in addition to vitamin C, vitamin A, and zinc sulfate. For a burned patient, enteral feeding is the first line of nutritional therapy, and it should be started soon once. A suitable amount of calories must be supplied to the patient to resolve hypermetabolism. As long as wound healing is good, increasing protein intake is also important. Parenteral feeding is utilized when enteral nourishment is not possible or is contraindicated.
Author (s) DetailsMyriam Galfo
Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Center for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy.
Andrea De Bellis
Plastic Surgery Department, Burns Center ASL Roma 2 S, Eugenio Hospital, Rome, Italy.
Francesca Melini
Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Center for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy.
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