Septic arthritis (SA), also known as infectious arthritis, is caused by viruses, bacteria, and fungi, as opposed to other inflammatory joint diseases. These microorganisms spread to the joints through the bloodstream from an existing focus in the body or enter through a wound in the case of joint injury or surgical intervention. SA pathogenesis is caused by specific interactions between the microorganism and the host, particularly its immune system. We examined the available literature data on some Infections in which molecular factors are produced, which are also known to be involved in arthritis remodeling processes. We looked at the role of complement system components and joint remodeling markers like TGF-, BMP, osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor B/receptor activator of nuclear factor B ligand (OPG/RANK/RANKL) and sclerostin in the pathogenesis of septic arthritis. We discuss potential treatment strategies based on the targeting of these molecules in order to reduce the inflammatory destructive response in the joints during infections.
Author (S) DetailsLyudmila Belenska-Todorova
Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridsky”, Sofia, Bulgaria.
Nina Ivanovska
Department of Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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