The human gut microbiota is made up of billions of microorganisms, containing 150-200 common and 1,000 less common bacterial species, and contains nearly 100 times the number of genes included in the human genome [1]. The gastrointestinal tract (GIT), which is the most highly colonised organ of the human body, has recently reawakened interest in its structure and function, illuminating its vital functions in health maintenance. Inadequate gut colonisation and dysbiosis, particularly in infants with extremely low birth weight (ELBW) and chemotherapy patients, Mucosal injury and inflammation are essential mechanisms for bacterial translocation, which can result in systemic infection, including septicemia, in children who have had a GIT procedure and type 2 diabetes patients. Many physiological and immunological responses, as well as organ functioning, diminish with age, making the elderly particularly vulnerable to infection. Probiotics are live microorganisms that provide a health benefit to the host when given in sufficient amounts. Based on our research and current knowledge, we examine the significance of GIT microbiota and probiotics in human health and disease in this review.
Author (s) DetailsYuichiro Yamashiro
Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Satoru Nagata
Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan and Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
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